Busca apresentar a problemática da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais frente às teorias e práticas arquivísticas e às tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs), com o intuito de identificar as variáveis que impactam diretamente as políticas de preservação dos documentos arquivísticos digitais. Busca ainda apoiar as bases conceituais da preservação digital no Brasil e instrumentalizar as instituições com vistas à implementação da preservação digital de seus documentos arquivísticos. Trabalha com a hipótese de que a gestão e a preservação inadequada dos documentos arquivísticas digitais - via de regra sob responsabilidade de administradores e profissionais das TICs sem interface com os arquivistas - coloca em risco o documento arquivístico digital e, consequentemente, a memória social de parte da história da humanidade. Propõe um modelo conceitual de gestão da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais aplicável a qualquer instituição, independentemente de seu porte, e o discute em relação às propostas desenvolvidas pelo projeto InterPARES. A análise do modelo conceitual permite identificar outros elementos em busca do aperfeiçoamento da gestão da preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais. / Aims to present the problem concerning the digital records preservation facing theories and archivists practices and the information and communications technology (ICTs), looking to identify the variables that impact the digital records preservation policies. Aims to support the digital preservation conceptual bases in Brazil and equip institutions regarding an implementation in the digital preservation of their records. The essay is based upon the hypothesis that the improper preservation and management of digital records - mainly under the responsibility of administrators and ICTs professionals without interface with the archivists - risks the digital records and, consequently, the social memoir of a fraction of mankind\'s history. This work suggests a conceptual model in the preserve of digital records applicable to any institution, regardless of its size, discussing it on the proposals developed by the InterPARES project. The analysis of the conceptual model allows identifying other elements in searching of the improvement in the management of digital records preservation.

Review of Old Hat Records

The hydrology of southwestern British Columbia is influenced by the region’s mountainous topography and climate oscillations generated from the Pacific Ocean. While much of the region is characterized as a temperate rainforest, recent summers are defined by record-breaking droughts that focus attention on the threat to regional water supply security likely to accompany future climate changes. The limited length and distribution of hydrological records in southwestern British Columbia provide poor context for resource managers tasked with developing policy and water management strategies. The purpose of the dissertation was to describe long-term variability in several key hydroclimatic variables and hydroecological interactions that may be used in updated water resource policy and management strategies. Specifically, the research focused on developing long-term proxy records of April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE), summer streamflow, spring lake levels, and salmon abundance from tree ring records. A secondary goal of the dissertation was to identify the role and influence of several key climate oscillations on regional long-term hydroclimatic and ecological variability. Freshet contributions from melting snow are critical for sustained summer streamflow in southwestern British Columbia. Even so, few manual snow survey stations exist within the region are of sufficient length to understand the full range of natural SWE variability. Long-term April 1 SWE records were constructed by establishing statistical relationships with the radial growth of high-elevation trees and April 1 SWE records. Explaining 51% and 73% of the total variance in the instrumental SWE records in coastal and continental settings, the reconstructions provide high-resolution descriptions of April 1 SWE over the past three centuries and help position the remainder of the dissertation. Negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were shown to strongly influence April 1 SWE totals. Both reconstructions illustrate repeated step-changes in April 1 SWE during the last 300 years and show that coastal areas may be more sensitive to annual variability than snowpack that accumulates in more continental locations. Water shortages in the Metro Vancouver area in recent summers are linked to low total winter snowpack and early spring melt. Dendrohydrological analysis of dry-season streamflow was conducted to determine if the instrumental range has been underestimated over the past several centuries. A regionalized record of July-August streamflow for the Capilano and Seymour watersheds, which supply the Metro Vancouver area, was modelled from present to 1711using tree-rings. Explaining 54% of total variance over the instrumental period, the models show that below-average streamflow events are becoming more frequent. When compared to those characterizing the past 300 years, streamflow totals from 1977 to present have consistently fallen well-below the average long-term discharge. Further analyses indicated that negative ENSO and PDO conditions strongly influenced July-August runoff trends since 1711, as have climate regimes related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA). The increased frequency in recent years of reduced summer runoff in southwestern British Columbia has led many communities to rely on natural and dammed reservoirs to supplement their water needs. Where communities rely on natural lakes, this dependence may have socioeconomic consequences if lake levels fall below those necessary to supply built infrastructure. Unfortunately, there are few lake level records in southwestern British Columbia and none of sufficient duration to understand the full range of variability in natural lake systems. Harrison Lake is the only natural lake with a lake level record exceeding 50 years. Using the average April water level dataset, a dendrohydrological model was constructed that explained 49.5% of total variance. The model was used to reconstruct a proxy record of April water levels spanning the interval from 1711 to 1980. Averaging 9.37 m in depth, lake levels in Harrison Lake ranged from 8.9 to 10.0 m over the past 300 years. These variations were shown to be statistically associated with negative and positive phases of ENSO and positive phases of PDO. April water levels in Harrison Lake have been, on average, 0.13 m lower since the mid-1930s compared to the previous 200 years. This reduction in storage capacity amounts to a loss of almost 300-million litres of stored water since the start of instrumental records. Salmon play a vital economic, cultural, and social role in many southwestern British Columbia communities. There is concern that salmon populations in the region are under threat, as changing climates alter and impact their spawning habitat. While various lines of research have sought to determine the response of salmon to these changing conditions, population records that extend only to 1951 hinder a complete understanding of the impacts. Two dendroecological models were constructed to provide a longer-term perspective of regional salmon-climate relationships. Explaining 48.2% and 48.9% of variance in observed Chinook and Coho salmon abundance since 1951, the models were used to construct proxy escapement records extending to the 1700s. Spectral analysis revealed that the reconstructions account for generational life histories and that low-frequency climate variability was associated with fluctuations in abundance. Both the Chinook and the Coho reconstructions show phase dependent relationships to climate oscillations generated from the Pacific Ocean. The Coho record is strongly linked to negative winter and spring ENSO, while the Chinook record was shown to be associated with negative PDO conditions. The identified relationships to teleconnections generated in the Pacific Ocean to our record indicates that both species are sensitive to oceanic interactions prior to entering natal habitats. Taken together, the reconstructions illustrate that the observational record encompasses a period of lower-than-average abundance and that neither accounts for the full range of variability in annual abundance when considered over the past three centuries. The proxy tree-ring records presented in this dissertation provide new information about climate-water resource relationships in southwestern British Columbia. Significant phase-dependent associations, especially to negative phases of the PDO and ENSO, were shown to exert long-term influences on the state of several critical hydroclimatic variables over the last 300 years. Additionally, the research illustrates that over the instrumental period, both streamflow and lake volumes in the region have consistently remained below those characterizing the previous two to three centuries. These findings are of direct use to resource managers tasked with developing new policy and strategies under present and future climate change, in that they offer singular insights into the full range of natural hydroclimatic variability in southwestern British Columbia. / Graduate

Orientadora: María Manuela Moro-Cabero / Coorientadora: Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim / Banca: Márcia Cristina de Carvalho Pazin Vitoriano / Banca: Luana Maia Woida / Banca: Ana Célia Rodrigues / Banca: Duñia Llanes Padrón / Resumo: Considera-se que para a efetividade do acesso às informações/documentos que subsidiam o processo decisório organizacional é necessário que haja uma gestão de documentos de qualidade. Para tanto, é essencial conhecer e mapear os fluxos informacionais das organizações, mais especificamente os fluxos formais, foco desta pesquisa. Além disso, iniciar o processo de gestão de documentos, por meio da identificação, uma vez que são as atividades inter-relacionadas à identificação que propiciam a execução das demais funções arquivísticas, entre elas a avaliação de documentos, processo complexo e essencial ao processo decisório, visto que estabelece o valor dos documentos gerados organicamente. Analisar a inter-relação entre esses três processos, quais sejam: mapeamento dos fluxos, identificação de tipos documentais e avaliação documental possibilita à organização a obtenção de diferenciais competitivos que, por sua vez, resulta em tomadas de decisão assertivas, bem como em ações estratégicas de médio e longo prazos mais consistentes constitui-se no objetivo geral desta pesquisa. Como procedimentos metodológicos definiu-se a pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, cujo método aplicado foi a Metodologia Sistêmica Soft, de natureza qualitativa e as técnicas de coleta de dados consistiu-se em observação direta e indireta, bem como, aplicação de entrevistas. Como resultado foi possível propor e validar um modelo conceitual que apresentou a inter-relação entre esses elementos e sua dinâmica relac... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considered that for the effectiveness of access to the information/documents that subsidize the organizational decision-making process, it is necessary to have a quality records management. For this, it is essential to know and map the organizations information flows, more specifically the formal flows, focus of this research. In addition, initiate the process of records management, through identification, since it is the interrelated activities of identification that facilitate the execution of other archival functions, among them the appraisal, complex and essential decision-making process, since it establishes the value of the documents generated organically. Analyzing the interrelationship between these three processes, which are: mapping of flows, identification of documentary types and documentary evaluation allows the organization to obtain competitive differentials that, in turn, results in assertive decision making, as well as in strategic actions longer and more consistent is the general objective of this research. As methodological procedures, the descriptive-exploratory research was defined, the method applied was the Soft Systemic Methodology, of a qualitative nature and the data collection techniques consisted of direct and indirect observation, as well as the application of interviews. As a result, it was possible to propose and validate a conceptual model that presented the interrelationship between these elements and their dynamics related to decision making ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Melanoma is one of the fastest growing cancers in the world, and can affect patients earlier in life than most other cancers. Therefore, it is imperative to be able to identify patients at high risk for melanoma and enroll them in screening programs to detect the cancer early. Electronic health records collect an enormous amount of data about real-world patient encounters, treatments, and outcomes. This data can be mined to increase our understanding of melanoma as well as build personalized models to predict risk of developing the cancer. Cancer risk models built from structured clinical data are limited in current research, with most studies involving just a few variables from institutional databases or registries. This dissertation presents data processing and machine learning approaches to build melanoma risk models from a large database of de-identified electronic health records. The database contains consistently captured structured data, enabling the extraction of hundreds of thousands of data points each from millions of patient records. Several experiments are performed to build effective models, particularly to predict sentinel lymph node metastasis in known melanoma patients and to predict individual risk of developing melanoma. Data for these models suffer from high dimensionality and class imbalance. Thus, classifiers such as logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest, and XGBoost are combined with advanced modeling techniques such as feature selection and data sampling. Risk factors are evaluated using regression model weights and decision trees, while personalized predictions are provided through random forest decomposition and Shapley additive explanations. Random undersampling on the melanoma risk dataset shows that many majority samples can be removed without a decrease in model performance. To determine how much data is truly needed, we explore learning curve approximation methods on the melanoma data and three publicly-available large-scale biomedical datasets. We apply an inverse power law model as well as introduce a novel semi-supervised curve creation method that utilizes a small amount of labeled data. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Orientadora: Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim / Banca: Ieda Pelógia Martins Damian / Banca: Cássia Regina Bassan de Moraes / Banca: Letícia Gorri Molina / Banca: Elaine da Silva / Resumo: Organizações são sistemas que geram, processam e aplicam informações e conhecimentos direcionados a um tipo de negócio no intuito de aumentar a competitividade, mas as informações e os conhecimentos somente são efetivos se transformados em estratégias de ação. Constituir uma memória organizacional com foco no valor da informação como negócio é transformá-la em matéria-prima e commodity que, por sua vez, potencializa os processos organizacionais, cujos elementos envolvidos em sua constituição são interpretativos, seletivos e transmissores de informação e conhecimento produzidos e organizados, por meio da memória repositório e da memória repertório. A pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral analisar a informação como negócio/commodity para a constituição da memória organizacional. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos evidencia-se que a pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada tipologicamente como descritiva exploratória. O método aplicado é o 'Estudo de Caso Único' realizado no Instituto Senai de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação no Paraná. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se de três fontes de evidências: documentação institucional, entrevista, observação direta e fez-se uso também do questionário. Para a análise dos dados coletados, optou-se pelo método 'Análise de Conteúdo', mais especificamente a técnica 'Análise Categorial'. Com base nas análises, foi possível evidenciar que a literatura sobre memória e valor da informação, ainda, são incipientes na área d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Organizations are systems that generate, process and apply information and knowledge directed to a type of business in order to increase competitiveness, but information and knowledge are only effective if transformed into action strategies. To constitute an organizational memory focused on the information value as a business is to transform it into raw material and commodity that, in turn, enhances the organizational processes, whose elements involved in its constitution are interpretive, selective and transmitters of information and knowledge produced and organized through repository memory and repertoire memory. The research presents as general objective to analyze the information as business/commodity for the constitution of the organizational memory. Regarding the methodological procedures, it is evident that the research is qualitative in nature, typologically characterized as exploratory descriptive. The method applied is the 'Single Case Study' conducted at the SENAI Institute of Information and Communication Technology in Paraná. For data collection, using three sources of evidence: institutional documetntation, interview, direct observation and also made use of the questionnaire. For the analysis of collected data, the method "Content Analysis" was chosen, more specifically the technique "Categorical Analysis". Based on the analyzes, it was possible to show that the literature on memory and information value are still incipient in the area of Information Science. Fr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A training program was developed to help registered nurses in an acute care facility to learn nursing process theory and to transfer that theory to nursing practice. A total sample of 102 newly-hired nurses who had participated in this training program were pre- and post- tested on class content; they also filled out a questionnaire which provided demographic and attitudinal data related to the use of nursing process as a model for nursing care. An audit sample of 82 nurses, who were a part of the total sample, were audited one month after the training program to collect data on documentation in patients' charts of the understanding and utilization of nursing process; 246 audits were completed. Concomitantly, an audit was performed to determine total nursing staff compliance with requirements that the nursing process be used and documented in patients' charts. Performance behaviors, i.e., pre- and post-test scores, common test scores, self-perceived understanding scores, and percent complete on audit were collected and analyzed. Additionally, data on age, experience, and type of nursing education were collected and analyzed. Results indicated that the nurses who attended this training program evidenced an understanding of nursing process theory and documented their implementation of the process into nursing practice. Despite differences in age, experience, and educational programs which appeared to be statistically significant, the performances of nurses who had attended this training program showed no significant differences in practice.

By the end of 2015, Medicare-eligible physicians at primary care practices (PCP) who do not use an electronic health record (EHR) system will incur stiff penalties if they fail to meet the deadline for using EHRs. Yet, less than 30% of rural primary clinics have fully functional EHR systems. The purpose of this phenomenology study was to explore rural primary care physicians and physician assistants' experiences regarding overcoming barriers to implementing EHRs. Complex adaptive systems formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a purposeful sample of 21 physicians and physician assistants across 2 rural PCPs in the southeastern region of Missouri. Participant perceptions were elicited regarding overcoming barriers to implementing EHRs under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health, and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act legislation. Interview questions were transcribed and processed through qualitative software to discern themes of how rural PCP physicians and physician assistants might overcome barriers to implementing electronic health records. Through the exploration of the narrative segments, 4 emergent themes were common among the participants: (a) limited finances to support EHRs, (b) health information exchange issues, (c) lack of business education, and (d) lack of transformation at rural medical practices. The implications for positive social change include the potential implementation of EHRs particularly in physician practices in rural communities, which could provide cost-efficient health care services for those communities and a more sustainable future at primary care practices.

Urinary incontinence affects up to 70% of residents living in a long-term care facility and can affect their quality of life. Specifically, urinary incontinence has a direct impact on older adults in regards to self-esteem, pressure ulcer development, falls, urinary tract infections, and psychosocial wellbeing. The goal of this quality improvement pilot project was to determine if an electronic health record (EHR) assessment tool could help older adults remain continent longer and assist in maintaining an independent lifestyle. Orem's self-care deficit theory and social cognitive theory were used to determine how the electronic health record incontinence template could be used to monitor residents for incontinence and affect the incidence of incontinence. Out of 25 residents, 13 met the requirements for inclusion in the pilot study. Quantitative data were collected and documented in the EHR for 4 weeks and compared to the immediate 4 week period post-implementation of the EHR template. Descriptive analyses of pre- and post-implementation EHR assessments showed there were no EHR assessments completed pre-implementation and 2 residents out of 13 had EHR assessments completed post-implementation. The available data suggested that the EHR template, if edited, could be effective for tracking incontinence. The template needed to address bladder incontinence only rather than bowel and bladder. Feedback from nursing staff indicated that a future study should be conducted over a longer period than 4 weeks to see if results would remain consistent. Nurses working in the long term care environment would benefit from reading this project. This study contributes to social change as evidenced by the residents who remained continent longer by having individual toileting plans partially developed by the template; therefore, they remained a viable part of the community.

A study was done of the attendance of 1,251 non-handicapped and 131 handicapped pupils in the Weber County, Ogden, Utah School District. This study was done at the request of the district administration. The basic questions were 1) would there be a difference in attendance of the handicapped and the non-handicapped and 2) would the reasons for absence differ as stated on excuses presented to the office. Data for the entire 1978-79 school year were tallied and analyzed. There were no significant differences in the attendance rates of the two groups. Inspection of the data showed that there was a difference in attendance of handicapped pupils who were members of classes for less than 180 days and those who were 180 day class members. No reason for this difference was revealed by the data. The data on excuses presented as a reason for absence showed more absences due to doctors excuses and illness for handicapped pupils. In depth research on the causes of absence of handicapped pupils was recommended.