The Berlin Mission Station, Botshabelo, situated nearby the town of Middelburg in Mpumalanga presents a multi-cultural landscape that is emblematic of the complex questions facing heritage sites in South Africa today. Botshabelo mission station is a historically, physically and culturally layered landscape with a shared heritage and an assemblage of narratives. The following dissertation examines the two cultures that influenced the establishment of the mission station, namely the local African cultures and the German missionaries of the 19th Century, and their relationship with the landscape. The embedded layers of meaning and heritage within Botshabelo’s landscape relating to these cultures were translated into a contemporary landscape design with the aim of reviving the neglected historic site. / Mini Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

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Stefanie Reinhold schildert die Geschichte der Elisabeth von Rochlitz und greift damit das Leben einer zentralen weiblichen Akteurin in der Reformationszeit des Raums Südwestsachsen auf.

This thesis offers an assessment of the Edwardian Reformation and its significance for the wider development of English Protestantism by examining the liturgical reforms of the period. The central question that this thesis grapples with is, how did Edwardian reformers apply their theological concept of the 'church' as an invisible spiritual body of believers to the task of reforming the visible temporal institution of Tudor England? The overarching argument of this study is that, in the eyes of the reformers, the formal liturgy of the Church of England, as defined by the Prayer Book, formed a nexus between the temporal and spiritual realms so that the invisible Church was given visible expression in public worship. This meant that Tudor men and women could actively participate in the spiritual communion of saints through the tangible experience of church services, especially through the sacraments and by observing the Sabbath. The examination of the relationship of mid-Tudor evangelical ecclesiology and liturgical reform presented in this thesis allows us to understand the Edwardian Church on its own terms. It challenges some long-held assumptions about the figures and events of the period, and their combined effect on later developments in English Protestantism, which continue to colour historiography. By taking a fresh approach to seemingly well-known texts, such as the Book of Common Prayer, this thesis argues that the relationship of ecclesiology and liturgical reform was a central feature of the Edwardian Reformation, an aspect of the period that has not been widely acknowledged in recent scholarship. A different ecclesiological theme is investigated through the lens of liturgical reform in each chapter to show how significant the doctrine of the church was to mid-Tudor reformers' goals in terms of ecclesiastical structure and practical ministry.

Diss. Univ. St Andrews, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Stefanie Reinhold schildert die Geschichte der Elisabeth von Rochlitz und greift damit das Leben einer zentralen weiblichen Akteurin in der Reformationszeit des Raums Südwestsachsen auf.

As one of the most appalling events of the sixteenth century, the Anabaptist reign of Munster (1534/35) stimulated a wave of reactions throughout the Holy Roman Empire, rendering a revealing commentary on political and religious concerns in the 1530s. In a highly charged political climate--the establishment of the Schmalkaldic League, Philip of Hesse's lightning recovery of Wurttemberg, and uprisings in northern Germany--rulers feared that "Munster" would provide the occasion to redraw the political map of Europe. Yet, notwithstanding its potential for generating a political and religious revolution, the shocking experience acted as a profound stabilizing factor. The event struck one decisive chord with the political leaders; the conviction that, like the peasant revolt ten years earlier, the rising of the Munsterites would launch the general rebellion of the common man. This terrifying prospect united Catholic and Protestant troops before the gates of Munster. In each of the areas here investigated--Cologne, the Rhineland, and Strasbourg--"Munster" led to a change in policy toward heretics, although at different times. Despite the confessional differences between Cologne and Strasbourg, their many similarities in political concerns and strategies call into question the traditional stark division made between imperial cities according to their Catholic or Protestant allegiance. "Munster's" impact was also, overall, one of reinforcement for prevailing religious convictions: for Strasbourg's ministers and Cologne's Carthusians, the event consolidated rather than shattered their established interpretive systems. The reception of "Munster" did, however, reveal some surprising stances: curiously, the Dominicans in Cologne, veterans of the Catholic campaign against Luther during the 1520s, took a back seat in combatting the Anabaptist reign. "Munster" demonstrated the sensitivity of sixteenth-century society to anything which challenged the traditional order. The widespread outrage over the introduction of polygamy, the community of goods, and the elevation of the tailor Jan van Leiden to king was directed toward the Munsterites' demolition of societal structure. With "Munster," Germany clearly rejected any communal notions that the Anabaptist reign may have introduced. Rather, the experience of "Munster" became a catalyst for absolutist government.

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