Orientador: Katia Tannous / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmo_VadsonBastosdo_D.pdf: 3190982 bytes, checksum: 87f430efac9d75b830041bb4b9b8c866 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da energia renovável de fontes alternativas de biomassas como matérias-primas em processos de geração de energia integradas a produção de etanol de cana-de-açúcar para utilização no período de entressafra desta matéria-prima ou de forma independente através de uma usina termelétrica. As fontes de biomassa analisadas foram as seguintes: resíduos agroindustriais (casca de arroz, jequitibá-rosa, caixeta), resíduos urbanos (poda de árvores e fibra de coco) e plantio e floretas energéticas (capim-elefante e eucalipto). As eficiências energéticas relativas das biomassas foram determinadas a partir de uma usina termoelétrica de referencia, considerando-se a mesma potência de IMW, a eficiência do processo de termoconversão e os índices energéticos consolidados para esta avaliação energética e emergética, usando-se a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). A floresta enegética de eucalipto, o plantio de campim-elefante, o resíduo urbano da fibra-de-coco e os resíduos agroindustriais das madeiras caixeto e jequitibá-rosa apresentaram os melhores indices de eficiência energética renovável relativa, demonstrando que estas fontes de biomassas apresentaram desempenhos similares ou próximos ao abtido pelo bagaço da cana-de-açucar e, portanto, com potencial para substuí-la na geração de 7.776 kWh/ano de bioenergia, com sustentabilidade. O uso de biomassas alternativas para geração de energia elétrica na substituição do uso de combustíveis fósseis em unidades geradoras convencionais por uma usina termoelétrica movida a biomassa, pode mitigar 96.733 quilitoneladas de CO2 durante a expectativa de operação da planta, constribuindo para a redução de emissões de gases do efeito estufa e geração de energia mais limpa e renovável / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of renewable energy from alternative sources of biomass as raw materials in processes of power generation integrated production of ethanol from sugarcane for use in the off-season this raw material or fromindependent through a thermoelectric plant. The sources of biomass were analyzed as follows: agroindustrial waste (rice husk, jequitibá rosa and caixeta woods), municipal waste (pruning trees and coconut fiber) and florest energy plantations (elephant grass and eucalyptus). The relative efficiency renewable energy of biomass were determined from a reference power plant, considering the same power of 1MW and the efficiency of the thermal conversion process were then consolidaded in an emergy index for this energy and emergy evaluation, using the Data Envelopment analysis (DEA). The eucalyptus forest, planting of elephant grass, urban waste fiber cocount and agroindustrial waste woods of caixeta and jequitibá rosa showed the highest index of renewable energy relative efficiency, demonstrating that these sources of biomass showed similar or close to that obtained from sugarcane performance and therefore have the potential to replace it in the generation of 7,776 kWh / year of bio-energy with sustainability. The use of alternative biomass for power generation in the replacement of fossil fuels in conventional generating units powered by a thermoelectric plant biomass can mitigate 96,733 kilotonnes of C02 over the expected plant operation, constributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and generation of cleaner and renewable energy / Doutorado / Engenharia Química / Doutor em Engenharia Química

This diploma thesis deals with the transformation of solar and wind energy into electrical energy by using a photovoltaic panel and a wind turbine. The work gives insight into the Czech Republic’s issue of energetics in the context of historical development, the current state, and the expected future development. The primary attention is given to the renewable sources - the solar energy and wind energy. Basic principles of creation and manipulation of solar and wind energy are described in this work. Two laboratory tasks are created for the Renewable Energy Sources' class as a part of the practical part.

The development of the wind energy exploitation is a sum of processes which are subject to variety of heterogeneous factors. The nature and the leverage power of those factors vary and develop over time. Each regional or national location can be characterized by variety of factors, which are specific for respective locations. The wind energy development in the Czech Republic is influenced by number of barriers which restrain or slow down further progress. These barriers stem from environmental, economical, social and institutional disposition/nature of respective technologies. This thesis at first, based on available qualitative and quantitative data, describes and analyzes the situation and development of the wind energy exploitation. Specifics of the wind energy are placed in the context of selected European countries where factors and barriers influencing the development is described. The theme is regarded with spatio-temporal distribution of a "new technology". The thesis goes on focusing on identification of barriers that have impact on the wind energy development in the Czech Republic. Those restrictions/barriers are subsequently confronted with stands and perception of specific stakeholders, which are involved in the process. Analyses are carried out not only on individual barriers but also...

<p dir="ltr">The demand for renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing, necessitating efficient energy conversion and management solutions. The thesis addresses the critical challenge of dynamically converting multiple Direct Current (DC) inputs to multiple DC outputs while maintaining efficiency and scalability. The primary objective is to design and test a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) DC converter, focusing on verifying its scalability and load efficiency. The research investigates hardware requirements, the implementation of multiphase circuits, and the balancing of power between various inputs through multistage cycling. The study hypothesizes that multistage cycling balances the output power between inputs, and multiphase configurations can scale the converter without affecting efficiency. Methods include examining existing converters, simulating multistage circuits, and fabricating a prototype. Key deliverables include a working prototype demonstrating scalability and efficiency. Results indicate that the MIMO DC converter performs efficiently with multiple inputs and outputs, achieving over 90% efficiency. The use of Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors and synchronous buck converter topology proves effective in minimizing losses and enhancing stability. The research holds significant value in advancing renewable energy and DC converter technology, promoting sustainability and efficient energy management. Future work should explore advanced filtration circuits, higher voltage testing, and more complex configurations to further enhance the converter's capabilities.</p>

This diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of renewable sources of energy in the Czech Republic. It appraises the efficient legal regulation of renewable energy sources by taking in consideration the economic and legal perspectives while respecting the current economic situation trends and policies of the European Union and the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on the differences of various types of renewable energy and describing their characteristics for utilization in the Czech Republic. The new role of entities in the electricity market after the Act No. 165/2012 Coll. about Supported Energy Sources has come into force, is discussed. The ascertained deficiencies reflect future recommendations for changing the legal regulation and strategic documents which define the further development of renewable sources of energy in the Czech Republic.

A geração termelétrica a partir da biomassa proveniente do setor sucroenergético brasileiro, além de ser vista como opção para investimentos no setor de energias renováveis, pode contribuir com o suprimento de energia mantendo aspectos inerentes às vantagens sociais, estratégicas e ambientais que o favorecimento de um setor genuinamente desenvolvido no Brasil pode atribuir à matriz de energia elétrica. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar o potencial adicional de energia elétrica que pode ser gerado a partir de recursos do setor sucroenergético. Os objetivos específicos estão em determinar e dimensionar os possíveis combustíveis para geração termelétrica no setor sucroenergético, em determinar quais rotas tecnológicas possibilitam o aumento da geração de energia e em quantificar a geração específica bruta de energia para cada tecnologia selecionada. O método consiste na realização de revisão bibliográfica para alocar o tema de estudo e pesquisa, com posterior elaboração de pesquisas documentais com o intuito de reunir dados e estimativas necessárias ao desenvolvimento do cálculo, coletando dados em publicações de institutos, entidades, empresas e consultores (dados de estimativas de produção de cana-de-açúcar para o período projetado e a definição dos recursos combustíveis e dos recursos tecnológicos). A seguir, para cada tecnologia de geração de energia elétrica, são apresentados arranjos com seus respectivos balanços de energia, índices de geração específica bruta de energia para as condições de cogeração e de geração de energia elétrica pura, vantagens, desvantagens e a inserção destas tecnologias ao longo do período estimado. Os resultados apontam que a expansão da produção de cana-de-açúcar, baseada na expansão agrícola e no aumento da produtividade, bem como o incremento tecnológico dos sistemas termelétricos de potência disponíveis comercialmente para o setor sucroenergético podem permitir a projeção de cenários com 26 GW de capacidade instalada com a utilização do bagaço e 33 GW com a inserção de palha. A importância deste trabalho está relacionada com a apresentação do estado da arte da tecnologia disponível para a geração termelétrica a partir do setor sucroenergético, pelo fato de apresentar os índices de geração específica para diferentes cenários de disponibilidade combustível e de tecnologias aplicáveis e por permitir análises entre os grupos tecnológicos e as biomassas disponíveis para a geração. / The biomass power generation in the Brazilian sugar & ethanol industry, besides being seen as an option for investments in the renewable energy sector, may contribute to the energy supply while maintaining aspects related to social, strategic and environmental advantages that the support of a sector genuinely developed in Brazil can attribute to the electricity matrix. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the surplus electricity that can be generated from resources of the sugar & ethanol industry. The specific aims are to determine and measure the potential fuels for power generation in the sugar & ethanol industry, to determine which technological routes enable an increase in the power generation and to quantify the specific gross power generation for each selected technology. The method consists of conducting a literature review in order to place the subject of study, with further development of documentary research in order to collect data necessary for developing the calculation, collecting data in publications from institutes, organizations, companies and consultants (sugarcane production data estimates for the foreseen period of study and the definition of fuel and technology resources for power generation). Afterwards, for each power generation technology, arrangements are presented with their respective energy balances, the specific gross power generation for the cases of process cogeneration and power generation stand-alone, the advantages, disadvantages and the inclusion of these technologies over the projected period. The results show that the expansion of production of sugarcane, based on agricultural expansion and increased productivity as well as the technological improvement of commercially available power generation systems for the sugarcane industry may allow scenarios with 26 GW of installed capacity using the sugarcane bagasse and 33 GW with the insertion of the sugarcane straw. The significance of this work is related to the presentation of the state of the art technology available for the thermoelectric generation from sugarcane industry. It is also connected to the fact of presenting an index of specific power generation for different scenarios of fuel availability and applicable technologies as well as enabling analysis of technological groups and available biomass for power generation.

Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:45:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Metodologia para análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da aplicação de geração distribuída em um campus universitário.pdf: 14783886 bytes, checksum: 4994676905350119beeff94fa74fda10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:46:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Metodologia para análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da aplicação de geração distribuída em um campus universitário.pdf: 14783886 bytes, checksum: 4994676905350119beeff94fa74fda10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T14:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Metodologia para análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da aplicação de geração distribuída em um campus universitário.pdf: 14783886 bytes, checksum: 4994676905350119beeff94fa74fda10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / O custo elevado de grandes centrais de geração e extensas linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica, bem como novas regulamentações tornam a geração distribuída e a busca de outras fontes de energia mais atrativas atualmente. A proposta deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para analisar a viabilidade técnico/econômico de implantação de geração distribuída aproveitando o conceito de microrredes em instituições de ensino superior. Este trabalho estuda a possibilidade de utilizar os recursos naturais e alternativos de forma a minimizar os custos oriundos da compra de energia elétrica. Para esta pesquisa, é apresentada a modelagem realizada em ambiente computacional utilizando um software que auxilia nas análises, trazendo para o valor presente os custos provenientes de implantação, operação e manutenção. Para estudo de caso será utilizada a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Ao final do trabalho, foram atingidos os seguintes resultados: verificou-se possibilidade de redução do custo com energia elétrica através da redução de consumo e redução de contratação de demanda; observamos o retorno do investimento e o atendimento de portarias visando à utilização de fontes renováveis em instituições federais. / The high cost of large central generation, the long distance power transmission lines and the new governmental regulations make the distributed generation and the search for other energy sources an attractive solution. This work presents a methodology to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of distribute generation deployment using the concept of microgrids in Universities. The study aims to consider the possibility of using natural and alternative resources like Ethanol, biomass and PV to minimize the costs related to the purchase and usage of electricity. The modeling is developed in a computing environment using the software Homer that assists in the analysis, bringing the current value of the costs of implementation, operation and maintenance. With the data from the analyses it will be possible to present some alternative scenarios of improvement with reduction of costs and increase of reliability. For this study case, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Federal University of Santa Maria), in south Brazil, is analyzed. It was possible to bring solutions that reduced the energy purchased from de grid, through available renewable sources in the own University. We could also reduce the contracted demand. The methodology developed can be applied to any other Universities, analyzing the available sources in the campus, to bring economy, reliability and reduction of greenhouse gases.

En 2007 avec la directive sur les énergies renouvelables, l’Union Européen s’est engagée à développer une économie à faible intensité de carbone. Cette directive amène à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en augmentant entre autres la partie d’énergie produite par des sources renouvelables. Le processus d’insertion massive d’énergies renouvelables dans le mix électrique européen, est d’ores et déjà un fait acquis et ses effets sont tangibles. Cependant, à côté de ses effets environnementaux bénéfiques, l’intégration à large échelle du renouvelable ne va pas sans causer des interrogations techniques et réglementaires. Par conséquent, de nouvelles stratégies de gestion du système électrique doivent être pensées et actées pour garantir un fonctionnement fiable et économiquement acceptable. Les micro réseaux sont à cet effet, un réceptacle intégrateur avec suffisamment de flexibilité pour accueillir un système de gestion capable de répondre aux exigences ci-dessus. Les travaux de cette thèse sont centrés sur la conception, le développement et l’implémentation de différentes stratégies de gestion des micro réseaux. Les algorithmes développés visent, soit à faciliter l’intégration du renouvelable à large échelle, soit à garantir un fonctionnement efficace et économique du système électrique. Une nouvelle architecture de réseau de distribution composé de micro réseaux clustérisés a été premièrement proposée. Chaque micro réseau est composé de systèmes de production à base ou non de renouvelable, des systèmes de stockage et de charges. Une stratégie de gestion énergétique optimale a été ensuite définie et développée. Cette stratégie permet de gérer la planification à court-terme et le contrôle en temps-réel des micro réseaux via un usage adéquat des sources et ce, tout en réduisant le coût du micro réseau. Un système multi-agents et l’optimisation linéaire mixte en nombres entiers ont été utilisés pour le développement et l’implémentation de cette stratégie intelligente distribuée. D’un point de vue extérieur, chaque micro réseau est vu comme une entité cohérente capable de supporter le fonctionnement du réseau principal en utilisant un ensemble de ses sources flexibles. Ainsi, que la seconde partie de cette thèse exploitera les clusters des micro réseaux et leurs propriétés pour gérer au mieux le réseau de distribution hôte. La conceptualisation technico-économique de différents mécanismes de gestion des réseaux de distribution a été abordée. Le développement d’une architecture de gestion hiérarchisée en plusieurs niveaux d’intelligence a permis de réduire la complexité du système et faciliter l’implémentation d’un réseau flexible, extensible et à fort taux de pénétration de renouvelables. Cette gestion distribuée a été possible grâce à une connaissance locale des modèles et des comportements des différentes systèmes connectés, et à un usage local des informations. Les travaux théoriques ont été ensuite testés sur une plateforme expérimentale conséquente et les résultats finaux ont corroboré les attentes de la théorie. / In 2007 with the renewable energy directive, the European Union established the development of a low-carbon economy. This directive aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy produced by renewable energy. Already today, the massive diffusion of renewable systems is tangible in the European electricity mix. However, in spite of their potential benefits, their large-scale integration leads to new technical and regulatory questions. Consequently, new management strategies need to be developed and applied in order to ensure a reliable and economical operation of the system. Microgrids are considered to be one of the most effective and flexible solutions able to meet these new needs.The main goals of this thesis are the conceptualization, development and implementation of different management strategies for microgrids. The algorithms developed aim to facilitate the massive integration of renewables and at the same time lead to an effective and economic operation of the systems. A new architecture of distribution grids based on cluster of microgrids was proposed. Each microgrid is composed of a number of renewable-based and conventional generation systems, storage systems and consumption. An optimal and distributed energy management strategy was then defined and developed. This strategy allows to manage the short-term energy management and real-time control of microgrids by using the connected sources in a smart and cost-efficient way. A multi-agent system and the mixed integer linear optimization technique were used for the implementation of this strategy.From a global point of view, each microgrid is seen as a coherent entity, which can support network operation by using its flexible and aggregated sources. Hence, the second part of this thesis aims to understand how distribution grids can exploit these cluster of microgrids and their properties. Different mechanisms for the active management of distribution grids are conceptualized from the technical and economical point of view. A new strategy based on hierarchical management of different smart levels allow to reduce the complexity of the system and to implement a more flexible and extensible system, thanks to a more local use of model knowledge and users behaviour. On the end, the theoretical work were tested on an experimental test-bed in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed theories.

Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo sobre o desempenho dinâmico do sistema elétrico de potência, frente à conexão de um parque eólico ligado através de conversores de frequência e de geradores síncronos de fontes hidrelétricas e termoelétricas. Dependendo da forma com que é gerenciado, este tipo de geração pode causar impactos significativos no sistema de energia elétrica. Este trabalho analisa o comportamento da estabilidade transitória nos sistemas de potência do ponto de vista da geração com inserção de fontes renováveis. Um sistema elétrico é proposto com dados reais do Rio Grande do Sul e modelado nos programas ANAREDE e ANATEM, considerando seus principais componentes, entre eles, linhas de transmissão, cargas, geradores e transformadores. São utilizadas estratégias de controle do programa ANATEM para a operação dos mesmos e estudar o comportamento do sistema elétrico de potência frente a diferentes eventos. Simulações são realizadas para investigar a influência de diversos fatores na resposta transitória do sistema. Os fatores analisados são: tempo de eliminação da falta, carregamento do sistema, níveis de geração das fontes tradicionais e das fontes eólicas. A análise dos resultados mostrara o impacto deste tipo de fontes instaladas no sistema em regime permanente e transitório. / This thesis introduces a study of an electric power system’s dynamic performance with traditional generation sources (hydro and thermoelectric) and wind farms. Depending on how it is managed, significant impact in the electric power system may occur. The power system transient stability is analyzed in this thesis considering the insertion of renewable energy resources. An equivalent power system is proposed with real data of Rio Grande do Sul and modeled using ANAREDE and ANATEM software, including as its main components, transmission lines, loads, generators and transformers. The control strategies present in the software ANATEM are used for the operation of these components, and then, to study the behavior of the electric power system against different events. Simulations are performed to investigate the influence of various factors on the transient response of the system. The factors analyzed are: time of fault clearing, system load, generation levels from traditional sources and wind sources. The analysis of the results shows the impacts of these specific resources in the system performance for steady state operation and transient state.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-05T15:16:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1606899 bytes, checksum: 90c3cfba727598d80a41bea38edd76ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-05T15:16:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1606899 bytes, checksum: 90c3cfba727598d80a41bea38edd76ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to simulate the effects of connecting photovoltaic power plants in the active energy losses of the distribution system at the west of the state of Paraíba. Initially was done the modeling of the distribution system, which has one supply point, 20 substations 69/13.8 kV and 25 distribution lines 69 kV. For network analysis was used the Newton-Raphson method for solution of power flow after and before the insertion of photovoltaic plants and finally an optimized allocation of solar photovoltaic plants has been proposed with the aim of minimizing losses of active power using genetic algorithms. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo simular os efeitos da conexão de centrais geradoras fotovoltaicas nas perdas de energia ativa do sistema de distribuição do oeste do estado da Paraíba. Inicialmente foi realizada a modelagem do sistema de distribuição, que possui um ponto de suprimento, 20 subestações rebaixadoras 69/13,8 kV e 25 linhas de distribuição 69 kV. Para análise da rede foi utilizado o método de Newton-Raphson para solução do fluxo de potência do sistema antes e depois da inserção das centrais fotovoltaicas e por fim foi proposta uma alocação otimizada das centrais solares fotovoltaicas com o objetivo de minimização das perdas de energia ativa utilizando algoritmos genéticos.