[pt] Adicionar requisitos de segurança às arquiteturas de software após elas terem sido construídas é uma tarefa bastante difícil. Conceitos de segurança devem permear todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento do software, desde a engenharia de requisitos, passando por desenho (design), implementação, testes e distribuição. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para modelagem de requisitos de segurança, especialmente os requisitos de confidencialidade e consistência das informações, baseada em estratégias orientadas a metas, trazendo a questão da segurança para o início do ciclo de desenvolvimento de software. São apresentados também os resultados da aplicação desta abordagem em um estudo de caso. / [en] Adding security requirements to software architectures after they are built is a hard work. Security concepts have to cross the whole software development cycle, from requirement engineering to deployment, passing by design, coding and test. This work presents an approach to security requirements modeling, mainly the information confidentiality and consistency, based on goal oriented strategies, bringing the security issues to the beginning of the software development cycle. It also presents the results of this approach in a case study.

Requirements validation is a critical phase of requirements engineering processes, which makes sure that requirements are correct, consistent, complete and accurate. Requirements validation is used in determining the right requirements, while verification determines that implementation is correct with respect to its requirements. The main objective of validation is to certify that requirement specification document is the acceptable description of the system, which is going to be implemented. Requirements validation techniques (RVTs) play pivotal role to detect possible defects in the requirements. RVTs can help in the completion of projects, within given schedule, budget and according to the desired functionality. The studies of six companies regarding requirements validation, is presented in this thesis. This study explores the requirements validation techniques that are presented in academia and practiced in industry as well. Interview studies are conducted in two countries, which is an attempt to find the usage of requirements validation techniques in both of the countries. The pros and cons of identified RVTs are discussed, along with it; the comparison of different RVTs with respect to the satisfaction level of specific RVT in terms of catching defects, time/schedule and cost is presented as well.

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Magister Legum - LLM / The fragmented approach of provinces in the use of legislation and policies, coupled with the uncertainty of key terms in the context of section 139(1) of the Constitution, have resulted in provincial executives not being consistent or not always complying with the use of the steps necessary for interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution. In order to assess the impact of the fragmented approach and uncertainties on how provincial executives apply the above mentioned steps, this study answers eight questions designed to test the way in which provincial executives applied the aforementioned steps and the effectiveness of the use of aforementioned interventions. The assessment is based on the tallies from the answers to the eight questions, and the grouping of these answers in accordance with the tallies. Each of the three main groups characterises how the relevant provincial executives applied the steps necessary for the use of interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution for the last five years. The fourth group assesses the effectiveness of such interventions. The answers are derived from the data relating to the notices to the Minister and NCOP, and complemented by the progress reports from the Minister and NCOP. The findings of the four groupings are as follows: the first group presented the steps which present no difficulty in terms of compliance; the second group presented the steps which provincial executives mostly complied with but which at times present some difficulty; and the third group presented those steps which are problematic. The fourth group determined that the effectiveness of the role of provinces in the use of interventions in terms of section 139(1) of the Constitution is questionable due to the repetition and duration of a number of interventions. In order to address the issue of non-compliance by provincial executives with the steps necessary for the use of interventions, the study recommends the drafting of legislation and formulation of clear policy guidelines which will ensure a consistent, coherent and uniform approach when invoking interventions.

Past and current research on the biology and culture of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has stimulated the development of its commercial production. At the inception of this project in 1985, it was decided that the development of an optimal dry feed was the most important step in developing a more complete culture technology for the species. The objectives of the project were, therefore, to investigate aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of the species to provide the necessary information for the formulation of optimum economical feeds. A review of the natural feeding biology of the species provided valuable information with regard to its food preferences. From this information, and by estimating the nutritional composition of its preferred natural diet, it could be concluded that the animal requires a relatively high dietary protein content. This conclusion was substantiated by studies of the functional morphology of the digestive system (gross and fine structure). The characteristics of the digestive system and external anatomy were found to be typical of an opportunistic, omnivorous predator. The ontogenetic development of the digestive system is relatively fast, and enables the utilization of a variety of diets efficiently from an early stage. Since the ability of an animal to digest a given substance is predominantly dependent on the presence of appropriate enzymes the quantification and characterization of C. gariepinus digestive enzyme activities were investigated on an experimental basis. This work revealed that the animal has relatively high levels of digestive enzyme activities, and that its proteolytic enzyme activities correspond with those of other carnivorous fishes, while its starch digesting abilities correspond with those of specialized herbivores. Also, the high levels of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase indicate an adaptation to detritivory, making this fish a truly opportunistic omnivore. Evidence was found to suggest that sharptooth catfish are able to re-absorb secreted digestive enzymes in the posterior section of its intestinal tract. It was shown that digestive enzyme activities were induced by food intake, and that no inherent rhythmicity in digestive activities seemed to occur. The development of digestive enzyme systems in the early life history of this animal was found to be also extremely rapid (complete within 10-16 days after hatching). It was also shown that artificial dry feed stimulates higher levels of digestive enzyme activities in larvae and juveniles than natural food. Although increased cellulase activity was found in larvae and juveniles that were fed on live zooplankton, the relative contribution of exogenous prey enzymes to protein digestion could not be ascertained. Specific nutritional requirements were investigated by means of feeding trials. The results of these trials confirmed the above indications regarding the dietary requirements of sharptooth catfish. It was concluded that for optimal growth and production performance, this animal requires a dietary protein content of 40-42%, a dietary lipid content of 10-12% and that diets should contain 14-16 kJ/g digestible energy. The optimum protein-to-energy ratio was found to be 26-29mg protein per kJ of digestible energy. Dietary requirements are evidently the same for juveniles and adults, except that younger fish require higher relative feeding levels. Finally, practical feed formulations were evaluated in terms of their economic feasibility. The results of these trials are presented along with recommendations on the formulation of commercial feeds for C. gariepinus. A computer program with which to implement least cost feed formulation by means of linear programming is provided.

Frequent drainage and aeration problems occur in blueberry plantings on acid peats (pH 3.0 to pH 4.2) of British Columbia during a part of the growing season. The effect of waterlogging, pH, and form of N were studied under greenhouse conditions. Using one year old plants of Bluecrop blueberry, a split plot design was employed with two water tables for main plots and a factorial combination of 4 pH levels and 3 levels each of ammonium and nitrate N (20, 40, and 60 lbs. N/acre). An unfertilized check treatment was also included as a treatment. Growth records and leaf analysis showed that poor aeration under waterlogged conditions exhibited characters symptomatic of poor nutrition. Sparse leaf growth, smaller leaves with severe yellowing and premature leaf abscission were observed in the high water table treatments. Leaf analysis revealed highly significant differences in foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe levels. There was also a greater growth response to ammonium N and nitrate N. Higher levels of nitrate N (40, and 60 lbs. N/acre) caused severe leaf scorch. Although higher levels of ammonium N (40, and 60 lbs. N/acre) gave better growth response, growth was prolonged and fall leaf drop and wood maturation were delayed. Plants receiving 60 lbs. N/acre as ammonium N showed symptoms of dieback in the following spring. Although pH had very little effect on leaf nutrient composition, growth appeared to be better at a pH level of around 4.2. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Obsahem diplomové práce je souhrnný přehled o problematice požadavků, jejich získávání, řízení a využití v průběhu SW projektů. V první části je zachycen smysl evidence požadavků a jsou popsány druhy, se kterými je možné se na SW projektech setkat. Druhá část ukazuje atributy a vlastnosti, které by měl dobře nadefinovaný požadavek mít. Třetí část popisuje způsoby získávání a zdroje požadavků, včetně jejich verifikace, validace a akceptace. Nosné téma práce spočívá ve využití nadefinovaných požadavků jako řídícího prvku v realizačních fázích projektu. Závěr práce je věnován typovému příkladu ideálního projektu a jeho porovnání s několika reálnými projekty.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate some of the physiological characteristics of V. stercoraria with regard to oxygen requirements, growth, nutritional requirements, pH effects on growth and growth factors.

The aim of this thesis is to create a tool for formal verification of systems specified using textual use- cases. The tool should allow for automated verification of temporal invariants specified in temporal logic (CTL and LTL formulae). The textual specification is transformed to a formal model that is verified using the NuSMV symbolic model-checker. Potential errors are shown to the user in the form of an HTML report. Using this feedback, the user is able to iteratively develop valid textual use-case specifications. The tool's architecture should be focused on reusability of its components and extensibility. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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