A rápida evolução e a ampla disseminação de tecnologias digitais estão mudando o contexto e o perfil dos aprendizes que hoje circulam naturalmente entre espaços físicos, espaços virtuais e espaços sociais diferentes, aprendendo em contextos formais e informais. Paradigmas educacionais atuais defendem a aprendizagem centrada no aprendiz que constrói seu conhecimento ao criar e desenvolver projetos, ao interagir com os objetos de estudo, com seus pares, com seus professores e mentores. A análise de requisitos etapa fundamental do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital - concentra-se essencialmente em aspectos computacionais a partir da identificação de fluxos de entrada e saída e dos processos que a ferramenta deverá executar. Entretanto, a análise de requisitos é difícil de ser conduzida quando os conteúdos e inter-relações são complexos e dinâmicos. Recentemente, a abordagem de ecossistemas tem sido usada para entender ou modelar fenômenos que surgem da tecnologia e de seu uso. Propomos utilizar esta abordagem para conceber novas ferramentas digitais de aprendizagem ao analisar seus requisitos, ou para analisar ferramentas existentes. Assim, propomos neste trabalho uma definição e um modelo de Ecossistema Digital de Aprendizagem, que podem ser aplicados tanto na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais quanto na análise para melhoria de ferramentas existentes. Um conjunto de artefatos, resultantes do detalhamento do modelo, é apresentado a fim de auxiliar na utilização do mesmo. A avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo foi realizada por meio de sua utilização em estudos de caso de ferramentas educacionais desenvolvidas anteriormente. A aplicação do modelo evidenciou aspectos que não foram contemplados com abordagens tradicionais e permitiu levantar possíveis modificações e ampliações que podem levar a um estágio mais maduro do ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo na análise de ferramentas existentes apontam caminhos promissores para que esta estratégia seja usada na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais de aprendizagem. / The rapid evolution and dissemination of digital technology are changing the learners context and profile. Learners move naturally between different physical spaces, different virtual spaces and different social spaces, engaging in learning activities in formal and informal contexts. Educational paradigms defend a learner centered approach, where learners construct their knowledge creating and developing projects, interacting with learning objects, with their peers, their teachers and mentors. Requirements analysis is a fundamental phase in the development of digital tools and concentrates essentially on computational aspects consisting on the identification of the tools input and output flows as well as processing. Nevertheless, requirements analysis is difficult to conduct when contents and relations are complex and dynamic. Recently, the ecosystem approach has been used to understand and to model phenomena that appear from the technology and its use. We propose to use this approach to conceive new digital learning tools, analyzing its requirements, or to use this approach to analyze existing tools. Therefore we propose in this research a Digital Learning Ecosystem definition and model that can be applied to the conception of new educational tools, as well as to analyze and improve existing tools. The detailed model includes a set of artifacts that can support its application. The model applicability evaluation was achieved by applying it on previously developed study cases. The model application showed some aspects that were not considered with traditional approaches and raised possible modifications and extensions that can lead to a mature stage of the ecosystem. The model application analysis of existing tools showed promising results and indicate that this approach can be used to conceive new educational learning tools.

Discute-se neste trabalho a importância de um método para análise técnica de uma dada infraestrutura visto a necessidade atual pela busca do aproveitamento de estruturas já existentes. Cada vez mais empresas buscam agregar serviços multimídia (voz, vídeo e dados) à sua estrutura corporativa, integrando a empresa como um todo, reduzindo custos e aproveitando a infraestrutura de comunicação existente. Com essa perspectiva, o trabalho propõe um método para avaliação técnica que determine, se uma infraestrutura instalada suportaria os requisitos necessários para oferecer os serviços da tecnologia IPTV, baseando-se na avaliação dos requisitos dos parâmetros de QoS quando implementado estes serviços. / The importance of a method is discussed in this work for technical analysis of a given infrastructure when the current necessity was seen by the search of the use of already existent structures. More and more enterprises look for collect services multimedia (voice, video and data) to his corporative structure, integrating the enterprise as a whole, reducing costs and leveraging the infrastructure of existent communication. With this perspective, this paper proposes a method for technical evaluation that it determines, if a given installed infrastructure will support the necessary requisites to offer the services of the IPTV technology, being based on the evaluation of the requisites of the parameters of QoS when these services were implemented.

L’analyse des besoins est la première étape du processus de conception. C'estaussi une source importante d’innovation en entreprise, notamment lorsqu'elle est partagée ausein de l’équipe de conception pluridisciplinaire. La prospection et l’anticipation des besoinsfuturs des utilisateurs porte ainsi des enjeux stratégiques majeurs pour développer des produitsnouveaux adaptés aux utilisateurs finaux. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à optimiserl’anticipation des besoins dans le but de favoriser l’innovation. Nos hypothèses portent sur desfacteurs méthodologiques et technologiques qui permettent d'améliorer la collaboration del'équipe pluridisciplinaire et la performance d'anticipation des besoins. Ces hypothèses sontopérationnalisées comme trois déclinaisons de la méthode des Personas et sont testées dansle cadre de trois projets industriels. Nous montrons qu'en proposant une méthode combinantplusieurs modes de raisonnements adaptés aux profils métiers de l'équipe pluridisciplinaire,l'anticipation des besoins est améliorée en quantité et en qualité (utilité perçue par lesutilisateurs). Nous montrons également que les technologies support jouent un rôle importantdans l'efficacité des méthodes : une technologie collaborative et ludique comme une tableinteractive peut augmenter le nombre d'items stratégiques pour l'entreprise (c'est-à-dire utiles etfaisables) ; une technologie immersive et ludique comme un monde virtuel permet d'orienterl'anticipation des besoins selon les objectifs du projet (techno-centrés ou centrés-utilisateurs).Ces résultats ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour l'évolution méthodologique ettechnologique de la phase d'anticipation des besoins dans les projets d'innovation. / Requirements analysis is the first step of the design process. It is also animportant source of innovation in companies, particularly when it is shared and fulfilled by themultidisciplinary design team. The prospection and anticipation of future needs are therefore animportant challenge for the development of new products adapted to their user. The goal of thisthesis is to optimize the anticipation of future needs in order to foster innovation. Ourassumptions include methodological and technological factors to improve the collaboration ofthe multidisciplinary team and the performance of requirements anticipation. Theseassumptions are operationalized through three different ways of running the Persona methodand tested in the context of three industrial projects. We show that a method combining severalreasoning modes adapted to the various professional backgrounds in the multidisciplinary team,the anticipation of needs is improved quantitatively and qualitatively (i.e. usefulness assessedby users). We also show that the technological support plays an important role in theeffectiveness of methods: a collaborative and playful technology such as an interactive tabletopcan increase the number of strategic ideas for the company (i.e. useful and technically feasible);an immersive and playful technology such as a virtual world can shape needs anticipation inaccordance with the project priorities (Techno-Centered or User-Centered). These results openmany opportunities for the methodological and technological evolution of front-end innovationphases towards the anticipation of future needs.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine emirische Untersuchung vorgestellt, in der mittels eines multimethodalen Zuganges eine Anforderungsanalyse für intermediäre Tätigkeiten umgesetzt wurde. Genutzt wurden zur Anforderungsanalyse Experteniterviews, eine Anwendung der Grid-Technik, sowie die Critical-Incidence-Technique.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5147_1.pdf: 1704608 bytes, checksum: 9349cd2e19d14f618f798e42efeaab3f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / In this work we address the conceptualisation of a Simulation Environment for the development of multi-physic simulators based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Simulators are economical means of understanding and evaluating the performance of abstract and real-world systems. Our simulation perspective is the class of simulations for phenomena represented by a set of functions distributed in space and possibly in time, whose behaviour is based on the FEM. The importance of these simulators has to do with the effectiveness of the FEM, a general-purpose numerical method, which can easily be developed to analyse and solve various kinds of problems frequently found in human daily life, and in its power to provide accuracy and reliability in the solution of partial differential equations. FEM Simulations consider systems of possibly millions of algebraic equations, numerical integrations, mesh generations, matrix and vector manipulations, solutions of linear and non-linear systems, and so on. These features undoubtly justify the development of a specific computational environment. This work emphasizes the adaptation of software engineering practices and methodologies for organizing and reusing the specific domain of simulators formulated using the FEM. The work defines an environment and its architecture for the development of simulators. It also proposes some specific patterns for solving relevant problems of our domain of knowledge, and describes their application through a case study.

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This thesis was conducted by two students as part of their Strategic Information Systems Management degree program at Stockholm University. As presented in this study, the manual elicitation processes in Requirements Engineering are error-prone and time-consuming. Traditional approaches and techniques often produce requirements that are characterized by ambiguity, inadequacy, incompleteness, inconsistency, and obsolescence. The research problem is focused on the lack of clear understanding regarding AI's specific role in supporting the identification of precise and detailed requirements, and the need for summarizing findings of related work. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the impact of AI in Requirements Engineering, focusing primarily on Requirements Elicitation and Analysis. After presenting essential background knowledge of Requirements Engineering, traditional elicitation methods, and Artificial Intelligence, a systematic literature review was performed to unveil Artificial Intelligence methods, techniques, and tools used in Requirements Elicitation and Analysis. With the assistance of the PRISMA methodology, the key findings and results were summarized and presented. The majority of the online literature focused on various issues connected with traditional methods and presented how Artificial Intelligence Chatbots, Text Mining and Natural Language Processing techniques, Virtual Reality, Sentiment Analysis, Crowdsourcing, Deep Learning Techniques, Gamification, and Bayesian Networks are improving the quality and speed of Requirements Elicitation. One of the main challenges faced is that there is no extensive comparison with traditional methods and metrics on how Artificial Intelligence overall helps Requirements Elicitation – only metrics per case. Also, there is not explicit definition regarding which AI methodologies and tools are appropriate for each elicitation and analysis method.

Driven by the gradually increasing electrification of the transportation industry, in particular the aviation sector, the future’s electrified aircraft requires not only an improvement of the flight operation, but also an enhancement of the movement on ground. One very promising concept to improve the taxiing operation is the integration of an electric propulsion system into the aircraft’s undercarriage, also called “Electric Taxiing”. This yields a decrease of the overall fuel consumption, reduction of emissions, and improvement of aircraft maneuverability to help reducing operating times on ground. In this thesis, the performance requirements for an electric taxiing system are investigated by using self-recorded real-life aircraft taxiing drive cycle data. Based upon the system requirements, the powertrain for the electric propulsion system is sized for a commercial midsize aircraft to achieve a similar driving performance to conventional taxiing maneuvers. The sized powertrain, including the determined electric motor characteristics, is evaluated using a developed simulation model which allows testing the proposed electric taxiing system given the attained drive cycles. For the electric machine which is implemented into the wheel of the aircraft’s main landing gear, an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor with segmented stator windings is selected due to its very compact structure while providing high torque capabilities. The AFPM motor is designed and evaluated by using analytical models and three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) to fulfill the specified motor characteristics required for the electric propulsion unit. Finally, suggestions for potential improvements and future work are discussed. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Research into negotiation systems has primarily focused on those for e-commerce and electronic markets, where quantitative values such as prices are key to what is being negotiated. However, there is a lack of research into tool support for complex real-life negotiations of documents that contain large amounts of textual (qualitative) clauses. Examples of such text-based agreements include international trade and climate-change treaties, as well as labor-management collective agreements. Our goal is to improve the state of the art in textual negotiation technology, so it can be applied to such agreements and their negotiations. In particular, we want to be able to develop technology that can facilitate the delicate give-and-take involving proposed changes, positions, rationale exchange, partial resolutions to disagreements, tracking of notes taken by the negotiators, as well as the ability to search and compare all of the above to facilitate negotiations. We posit that there would be significant societal benefit from the hyper-local to the international level if better technology was available. We performed literature reviews of existing negotiation systems and systems for representing legal documents to study what has been done in this domain. We also performed a grounded theory study based on interviews with people that have participated in real-life negotiations. An end-user's survey of negotiation systems was also conducted and analyzed. We used the results from the literature review, grounded theory and survey analysis, as the basis for a subsequent phase of design-science research in which we developed use cases, requirements and a comprehensive metamodel for qualitative negotiation tools, as well as a prototype negotiation tool.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) describes a set of autosomal recessive diseases which affect enzymes mediating steroid biochemistry in the adrenal glands. In chromosomal females, the excess androgens associated with CAH cause virilization. Females with a high degree of virilisation can undergo feminizing genitoplasty in infancy or later in life. Parents and guardians are the medical proxies for their infants and therefore make decisions on their behalf. However, decision-making about feminizing genitoplasty can be very difficult. One tool that could help in such a situation is an electronic patient decision aid (PtDA). However, a PtDA for feminizing genitoplasty does not exist and there is insufficient information in existing literature to inform its design and development. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (1) Identify user requirements, (2) Develop specifications for the design and development of the PtDA, and (3) Understand the best way to implement and distribute the PtDA We used the persona-scenario methodology to acquire user-requirements. Persona-scenario sessions were conducted with four parents of children with CAH, two adult patients with CAH, and four healthcare practitioners. Participants created fictitious personas, and scenarios wherein their personas interacted with an idealized version of the PtDA. Transcripts of these persona-scenarios and facilitator notes were analyzed to identify user-requirements, which were interpreted into specifications. Participants provided user requirements about (1) information and decisional content in the PtDA, (2) proposed functionalities for the PtDA, (3) web usability, and (4) implementation context. Many of these requirements are supported by existing literature. The requirements identified in this project will inform the design and development of a PtDA for feminizing genitoplasty in patients with CAH. However, further research is necessary to understand how to best implement these requirements and to ensure that the gathered information is useful for a broad range of potential end users. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)