[pt] A tese acompanha as trajetórias de Diamela Eltit, João Gilberto Noll e Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill, realizando através do trabalho desses três escritores uma cartografia das questões estéticas e políticas que atravessam as últimas décadas. Seus projetos narrativos, tão diferentes entre si quanto pertinentes para nosso tempo, foram marcados por uma perda de sentido referente às crises da utopia revolucionária e vanguardista, que se torna visível na transição da ditadura à pós-ditadura. A partir dessa perda, surgirão algumas alternativas para uma literatura por vir: uma escrita performática, que coloca em jogo o corpo do próprio escritor para dar sentido aos trânsitos contemporâneos, no caso de Noll; uma escrita agonística, que faz da provocação cínica uma arma contra a apatia contemporânea, no de Fogwill; uma escrita resistente, que deixa ver os efeitos perversos do consenso neoliberal, no de Eltit. / [en] This thesis follows the paths of Diamela Eltit, João Gilberto Noll and Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill, charting, through their works, the territory of aesthetical and political questions of the last decades. The narrative projects of these writers, as distinct from each other as they are pertinent to our time, were marked by a loss of meaning that relates to the crisis of revolutionary and avant-garde utopias, which becomes visible in the transition from dictatorship to post- dictatorship. Taking this loss as a starting point, some alternatives for a literature to come will appear: a performatic writing, that puts in place the body of the writer himself to give sense to contemporary transits, in Noll´s case; an agonistic writing, that uses cynical provocation as a weapon against contemporary apathy, in Fogwill´s; a resistant writing, that allows us to see the perverse effects of the neoliberal consensus, in Eltit´s.

La problématique de cette thèse se centre sur la manière dont plusieurs textes de fiction, évoquant des événements emblématiques des années 1976-2001, représentent la loi à travers ses effets discursifs. Lors de l’analyse des effets discursifs de la représentation de la loi dans les textes de fiction certaines questions s’imposent : de quelle manière le discours littéraire configure-t-il les frontières entre l’espace public et l’espace privé, caractérise les espaces rendus visibles ou invisibles, fait apparaître les énoncés refoulés, décrit les individus auxquels il confère la légitimité d'exercer le pouvoir et ceux qui s'y trouvent marginalisés ou définis en tant que criminels. Tous ces éléments sont les effets discursifs de la loi qui non seulement la représentent mais dénotent les intérêts qui l'ont dictée. Nous centrons notre étude sur la représentation de la loi qui dicte la limite interne de l’État évoquée par Michel Foucault dans son concept de biopolitique. Nous analysons différents romans qui abordent les moments les plus représentatifs de la période de notre recherche : la répression militaire, la guerre des Malouines, le retour à la démocratie, l’instauration du néolibéralisme et enfin la crise de 2001. Les romans de Daniel Moyano, El vuelo del tigre, de Rodolfo Fogwill, Los pichiciegos, de Juan Martini, El fantasma imperfecto, de Claudia Piñeiro, Las viudas de los jueves, de Juan Martini, Colonia, et de Pedro Mairal, El año del desierto, guident notre recherche car ils représentent, à travers ses effets discursifs, l’exception de la loi en place. Sur le plan théorique, les conceptualisations de Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben et Andrea Cavalletti sur la violence, la biopolitique, l’état d’exception et la sécurité nous permettent d’analyser le lien entre le texte littéraire et le moment historique. / The central issue of this dissertation focuses on the manner in which several fictional texts, evoking events emblematic of the years 1976-2001, represent the law through their discursive effects. In the process of analyzing the discursive effects of the representation of the law in these fictional texts, certain questions must be posed: in which way does literary discourse configure the borders between public and private space, how does it characterize the spaces made visible or invisible, bring repressed statements to the surface, describe the individuals to whom it bestows the right to exercise power and those who there find themselves marginalized or defined as criminals. All of these elements are the discursive effects of the law that not only represent the law, but also denote the interests that have dictated it. We are centering our study on the representation of the law that dictates the internal boundary of the State evoked by Michel Foucault in his concept of biopolitics. We will analyze different novels that address the most representative moments of the period of our research: the military repression, the Falklands War, the return to democracy, the establishment of neoliberalism and finally the crisis of 2001. The novels of Daniel Moyano, El vuelo del tigre, Rodolfo Fogwill, Los pichiciegos, Juan Martini, El fantasma imperfect, Claudia Piñeiro, Las viudas de los jueves, Juan Martini, Colonia, and Pedro Mairal, El año del desierto, will guide our research since they represent, through their discursive effects, the exception to the law in place. The theoretical ideas of Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben and Andrea Cavalletti regarding violence, biopolitics, the state of exception, and security will allow us to analyze the relationship between literary text and historical moment.