Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1984. / Summary in English. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 157-164.

Thesis--Columbia University. / On t.p.: I. Elementos básicos. No more published. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [367]-381.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris IV (Sorbonne), 1996. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Würzburg, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [217]-230).

No abstract available / New Testament / M.Th. (New Testament)

Il est question dans cette recherche de lire les contributions de l’interlangue dans les romans de l’Afrique francophone subsaharienne. Cette notion linguistique et sociolinguistique voit sa première orientation de recherche avec Sélinker (1972). Chercheur américain attaché aux aspects linguistiques et psycholinguistiques de l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère par les adultes avec l’élaboration du terme « interlanguage » (traduit interlangue en français) pour rendre compte des connaissances intermédiaires de l’apprenant en langue étrangère. Pour cet auteur tout comme pour d’autres chercheurs qui ont orienté les recherches sur la notion, l’interlangue est une « compétence transitoire » (Coder, 1967), « une « langue approximative » (Nemser, 1971) caractérisée par une véritable instabilité d’autant plus que les règles grammaticales de l’interlangue ne correspondent pas aux règles retrouvées dans la langue maternelle de l’apprenant ni celles observées dans la langue cible : en général, l’interlangue n’est pas destiné à évoluer vers une meilleure pratique de la langue.Or, l’observation de l’interlangue dans les textes des romanciers de l’Afrique subsaharienne d’expression française remet en cause cette définition des premiers chercheurs : dans les textes, l’nterlangue fait accroître le lexique du vocabulaire, elle réutilise les structures syntaxiques pour innover la syntaxe, en plus de cela, elle diversifie les figures de styles pour embellir la stylistique existante. Le rajeunissement lexical est visible à travers l’introduction des emprunts, alternances codiques, calques et néologies. Au niveau syntaxique, l'on y observe un emploi inhabituel des outils syntaxiques comme par exemple la détermination, les pronoms, la ponctuation et une insistance des traits morphosyntaxes. A ces structures s'ajoutent les maximes et les proverbes présentant de fait la stylistique comme un élément textuel diversifié.La sociocritique de Zima est l'approche autour de laquelle nous tenons ces informations. Elle se présente ici comme une perspective qui cerne le mieux la socialité du texte littéraire. Elle ouvre la voie à l'analyse de l'interlangue qu'elle a su identifier dans les oeuvres. Grâce à elle, l'on découvre que ce concept fait appel à la cohabitation culturelle des peuples aux microscopes différents. Il suscite la diversité des cultures et évoque le multilinguisme et l'interculturalité, deux poumons importants pour définir la Francophonie institutionnelle, linguistique et littéraire. Les principes auxquelles prône la notion de l'interlangue peuvent restructurer la relation France/Afrique / This research seeks to read the contributions of interlanguage in the novels of Francophone sub-Saharan Africa. This linguistic and sociolinguistic notion sees its first research orientation with Selinker (1972). American researcher attached to the linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of the learning of a foreign language by adults with the elaboration of the term "interlanguage" to account for the intermediate knowledge of the learner in a foreign language. For this author, as for other researchers who have oriented research on the notion, the interlanguage is a "transitional skill" (Coder, 1967), an "approximate language" (Nemser, 1971) characterized by real instability Especially since the grammatical rules of the interlanguage do not correspond to the rules found in the mother tongue of the learner or those observed in the target language: in general, the interlanguage is not intended to evolve towards a better Practice of the language.However, the observation of interlanguage in the texts of novelists in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa calls into question this definition of the first researchers: in the texts, the interlanguage increases the lexicon of vocabulary, reuses structures Syntactics to innovate the syntax, in addition to that, it diversifies the figures of styles to embellish the existing stylistics. The lexical rejuvenation is visible through the introduction of borrowings, codical alternations, layers and neologies. At the syntactic level, there is an unusual use of syntactic tools as well as determination, pronouns, punctuation and insistence of morphosyntax features. To these structures are added the maxims and proverbs presenting in fact stylistics as a diversified textual element.The sociocritic of Zima is the approach around which we hold this information. It presents itself here as a perspective that best identifies the sociality of the literary text. It opens the way to the analysis of the interlanguage which it has identified in works. Thanks to it, it is discovered that this concept calls for the cultural coexistence of peoples with different microscopes. It raises the diversity of cultures and evokes multilingualism and interculturality, two important lungs to define the institutional, linguistic and literary Francophonie. The principles advocated by the notion of interlanguage can restructure the France / Africa relationship.

This thesis argues that Ammianus is interested in, and attempts to define, a Roman identity applicable to his own multifarious world. It argues that Ammianus and some of his peers discern a clear increase in the number of foreigners and outsiders in the empire. While some of his peers lament this perception and adopt a hard-line approach, Ammianus has a much more nuanced view. It is argued that the model of Roman identity which he devises not only accounts for foreigners, but actually, in some cases, makes them exemplars of a flexible Roman identity based chiefly on the notion of appropriate behaviour. In this sense, his identity scheme is ultimately integrative and inclusive. As part of his definition of identity, Ammianus utilises an "outsider" perspective. This perspective is shown to dictate not only how he portrays his characters and their deeds, but even how he reflects on the substance of Romanness as a continual dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign", broadly conceived. It is finally argued that the historian's purpose in defining such an identity is to ensure that the eternity of the empire, in which he firmly believes, is safeguarded by future "Romans" who perhaps may never even see the City itself, but nevertheless remain committed to its protection.

In the presentation of his Gospel in his letter to the Romans Paul often quotes from the Old Testament. This indicates the functional significance of the OT as the foundation of Paul´s argumentation. However, is Paul´s use of Scripture legitimate? Does Paul change and misinterpret Scripture to fit his own ends? If Paul´s argumentation with Scripture follows contemporary, legitimate early Jewish methods of interpretation, then he could be cleared of the charge of manipulatively changing and interpreting Scripture. This thesis examines the textual basis of these quotations, the interpretive methods employed and the function of such quotations for Paul´s argumentation. The results suggest that Paul has not manipulated the textual basis. He employs the interpretive techniques of early Judaism and refers to Scripture mainly to affirm his presentation of the Gospel. A final section raises the issue what contemporary Biblical studies might learn from Paul´s use of Scripture. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.Th.(New Testament)

This study investigates the meaning of Paul's expression 'works of the law' ( tpycx vOμou) • A survey of representative scholars regarding Paul's attitude toward the Mosaic law demonstrates that confusion over this issue continues as a difficulty in Pauline studies. It is suggested that ascertaining the meaning of this expression will help alleviate that confusion. This study indicates that Paul's use of tpyov is ethically neutral: 'work' itself is neither positive nor negative for Paul. The ethical orientation of a given 'work' is determined by the descriptors Paul attaches to it. Paul speaks positively and negatively about the law itself, yet only negative descriptors are used with tpycxvOμou. This gives significant direction for the interpretation of 'works of the law.' The historical backgrounds of Galatians and Romans support this negative orientation for tpycx vOμou. These letters were written to confront separate crisis situations in different churches. Yet they share common situational elements. Paul was faced in both churches with a form of 'judaizing' opposition that insisted that Gentile converts become 'practical Jews' in order to 'complete' the Abrahamic covenant through the Mosaic. Paul addresses this threat to these churches by means of epistolographical and rhetorical mechanisms. He uses these persuasive communication devices powerfully, insisting that these converts recognize what it means to be 'in Christ,' and what it means and does not mean to be 'Jewish.' 'Works of the law' are not necessary for salvation, and were never intended for redemption. Likewise, identity as one who performs 'works of the law' does not provide any claim upon God. One does not have to become a 'practical Jew' to have a right relationship to God, and a Jew has no redemptive status before God on the basis of ethnicity. 'Works of the law,' then, serve as a factor in Paul's polemics because the continuing validity of the Mosaic law is the issue being addressed by Paul and his opponents. They are a feature in Paul's view of the law because he is both positive and negative toward the law, depending upon one's intended salvific orientation to God through it / Psychology of Education / D. Th. (New Testament)

Composé à la fin du XIIesiècle, le roman anglo-normand Gui de Warewic raconte latransformation morale du héros. Tombé amoureux de la fille de son seigneur, Gui est contraintde partir à l’aventure pour acquérir au combat la renommée et ainsi satisfaire aux exigencesde l’orgueilleuse Félice, qui redoute une mésalliance. Mais, une fois marié, il la quitte etdécide de se mettre au service de Dieu pour expier les péchés qu’il a commis pour la séduireet la conquérir. Ce roman lignager, en imposant un idéal clérical dans la tradition deshagiographies et de la pensée de Bernard de Clairvaux, dénonce les codes de la chevalerieféodale et de la courtoisie. Nous nous proposons d’éditer et de traduire le manuscrit F de ceroman que possède la Fondation Martin Bodmer située à Cologny (Genève). L’étude de lalangue montre que le texte présente de nombreuses caractéristiques propres au dialecte anglonormand.Quant aux sources du texte, nombreuses et variées comme bien souvent dans lalittérature médiévale, elles révèlent que l’auteur s’est inspiré de romans historiques et antiquespour créer un personnage en mesure de légitimer la présence de l’aristocratie locale anglonormandedont il dépendait, et de consolider son identité. Nous donnons aussi une nouvelledate de composition du roman. / Composed in the late twelfth century, the Anglo-Norman romance Guy of Warwick tells themoral transformation of the hero. Having fallen in love with the daughter of his lord, Gui isforced to go on an adventure to acquire fame in combat and thus meet the requirements of theproud Felice who dreads a misalliance. But once married, he leaves her and decides to serveGod to attone for the sins he has committed to seduce and conquer her. This ancestralromance, by imposing a clerical ideal in the tradition of hagiographies as well as the thoughtof Bernard de Clairvaux, denounces feudal chivalry and codes of courtesy. We intend to editand translate the manuscript F of this novel that the Martin Bodmer Foundation possesses,located in Cologny (Geneva). A study of the language shows that the text has many uniquecharacteristics of Anglo-Norman dialect. As for the sources of the text, many and varied as isoften the case in medieval literature, they reveal that the author was inspired by historical andancient novels to create a character able to legitimize the presence of the local Normanaristocracy on which it depended, and to consolidate its identity. We also give a new date ofcomposition of the novel.