Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 turraneto_n_dr_prud.pdf: 4708328 bytes, checksum: fae7974a181c2d7b70cd47a996c4f4b5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objeto desta tese centra-se na apreensão e análise da sociabilidade juvenil no meio urbano, considerando o tempo, o espaço, as redes e os territórios. A abordagem, por isso, tem como foco o processo de constituição de um lugar, ao longo do tempo e como as práticas e espaços de sociabilidade disponíveis foram se transformando no processo, ou sendo alteradas pelas próprias transformações na sociedade local, sempre em articulação com contextos relacionais mais amplos. Para desenvolver essa perspectiva analítica, aborda-se, primeiramente, diferentes gerações (de 1950 e 1970) que viveram sua juventude na cidade, tendo-se como procedimento metodológico o trabalho com a memória. Num segundo momento, procura-se considerar a contemporaneidade da sociabilidade juvenil na cidade, pensando nos múltiplos processos que estão envolvidos na constituição das redes de sociabilidade. Para isso, trabalha-se a partir de duas culturas juvenis transterritoriais, que ganharam condições de possibilidade na cidade, que se ampliou e fragmentou ao longo do tempo. Tratam-se das culturas juvenis punk e hip-hop. Estas também são abordadas a partir da memória, que visa reconstruir a trajetória histórica de cada uma delas na cidade e o processo de constituição localizada das redes de sociabilidade que elas geraram... / The objective of this thesis is based on the apprehension and on the analysis of the youthful sociability in urban areas taking in account the time, the space, the interrelationships and territories. Therefore the approach focus on the process of constitution of a place over time and also on how the practice and the spaces of sociability available became the process or were changed by the shifts in the local society always linked with larger related processes. Through an analytic perspective the study highlights firstly two different generations (1950 and 1970) that lived their youth in the city. The methodological procedure adopted to reach this aim was the work with the memory. At a second moment, the contemporaneity of the youth sociability is pointed out and multiple processes involved in the constitution of networks of sociability are examined. With this aim, the study has developed from two transterritorial youthful cultures that have reached the conditions of possibility in the city, which has become broader and more fragmented over time. This work draws attention to the punk and the hip-hop cultures. These cultures are also approached from the memory which tries to rebuild the historical trajectory of each event analyzed in the city and the process of constitution located in the networks of sociability that they generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: Eda Maria Góes / Banca: Carla Beatriz Meinerz / Banca: Raul Borges Guimarães / Banca: Marcelo Lopes de Souza / Resumo: O objeto desta tese centra-se na apreensão e análise da sociabilidade juvenil no meio urbano, considerando o tempo, o espaço, as redes e os territórios. A abordagem, por isso, tem como foco o processo de constituição de um lugar, ao longo do tempo e como as práticas e espaços de sociabilidade disponíveis foram se transformando no processo, ou sendo alteradas pelas próprias transformações na sociedade local, sempre em articulação com contextos relacionais mais amplos. Para desenvolver essa perspectiva analítica, aborda-se, primeiramente, diferentes gerações (de 1950 e 1970) que viveram sua juventude na cidade, tendo-se como procedimento metodológico o trabalho com a memória. Num segundo momento, procura-se considerar a contemporaneidade da sociabilidade juvenil na cidade, pensando nos múltiplos processos que estão envolvidos na constituição das redes de sociabilidade. Para isso, trabalha-se a partir de duas culturas juvenis transterritoriais, que ganharam condições de possibilidade na cidade, que se ampliou e fragmentou ao longo do tempo. Tratam-se das culturas juvenis punk e hip-hop. Estas também são abordadas a partir da memória, que visa reconstruir a trajetória histórica de cada uma delas na cidade e o processo de constituição localizada das redes de sociabilidade que elas geraram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is based on the apprehension and on the analysis of the youthful sociability in urban areas taking in account the time, the space, the interrelationships and territories. Therefore the approach focus on the process of constitution of a place over time and also on how the practice and the spaces of sociability available became the process or were changed by the shifts in the local society always linked with larger related processes. Through an analytic perspective the study highlights firstly two different generations (1950 and 1970) that lived their youth in the city. The methodological procedure adopted to reach this aim was the work with the memory. At a second moment, the contemporaneity of the youth sociability is pointed out and multiple processes involved in the constitution of networks of sociability are examined. With this aim, the study has developed from two transterritorial youthful cultures that have reached the conditions of possibility in the city, which has become broader and more fragmented over time. This work draws attention to the punk and the hip-hop cultures. These cultures are also approached from the memory which tries to rebuild the historical trajectory of each event analyzed in the city and the process of constitution located in the networks of sociability that they generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Sociability is defined as the tendency of conspecifics to do non-aggressive activities with each other. In many species, being in a group increases fitness, making it highly relevant to understand. Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an ideal model system to study sociability because of their complex social lives. A previous artificial selection experiment created evolved lineages of low and high sociability. Extraction, sequencing, and follow up genomic analyses of these lineages allowed us to identify candidate sociability genes. However, a causal link between genes and sociability has yet to be identified. The goal of this thesis was to functionally validate the effect of these genes. We used RNA Interference (RNAi) to knock down genes and measure subsequent changes in sociability between knockdown and control flies. Our predictions were based on the differential expression of each gene: We predicted that genes with lower expression in the low sociability lineages compared to the control lineage would have lower sociability scores than controls, and vice versa. We used circular 3D printed circular arenas like the ones in Scott et al., (2022) to measure sociability. We successfully verified 10 out of the 20 genes we tested. Sec5, CG13197, Ir94D, and Est-P altered sociability in the predicted direction. We also found that thoc5, CG8329, DJ-1, Net-A, FBgn0033353, and ppk28 also affected sociability, but in the opposite than predicted direction. Future work entails validating a second set of candidate genes that were identified based on population genomic work, investigating other social behaviours in some verified genes, and testing orthologs of verified genes in mice to understand sociability from an evolutionary perspective across various species. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Sociability is an individual’s tendency to do friendly activities with others. The genetic basis is not clear. To address this gap, we silenced genes that were identified in previous work. We predicted that silencing these genes will alter sociability and used circular arenas to measure it. We found that 10 out of 20 genes affected sociability. Future research includes validating a second set of genes, investigating other social behaviours for verified genes, and to test verified genes in mice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of temperament to childrenâ??s behaviors in the classroom and their school readiness. Data was collected on 60 preschool children enrolled in Head Start. Teachers rated temperament using the Preschool Temperament Classification System. Trained coders observed childrenâ??s engagement and play during circle time and free play, respectively. School readiness was directly assessed using the Learning Express. Three main findings emerged: (1) Temperamentally-extreme children performed lower than resilient children on the school readiness assessment, suggesting that temperamentally-extreme children begin to lag behind their resilient peers as early as the preschool years. (2) Off-task behavior in the classroom affects undercontrolled childrenâ??s school readiness; however, the degree of influence appears to depend on the complexity of learning specific domains. That is, off-task behavior in the classroom may have a larger influence on more complex subject matter than simpler ones. Classroom behaviors were not related to overcontrolled childrenâ??s school readiness scores. (3) Behavioral differences were found between temperament groups during circle time, however no differences were found during free play. This suggests that classroom context may play a role in temperamentally-extreme childrenâ??s classroom behaviors.

A Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CMC) inaugurou uma nova forma de sociabilidade que transpôs a interação e a constituição dos laços sociais para um novo suporte: o ciberespaço. A hipótese deste trabalho é de que as tecnologias de comunicação podem configurar novos espaços de sociabilidade, inaugurando novas práticas de estar com o outro, e, inclusive, propiciar uma aproximação local. O objetivo é investigar se o ciberespaço é uma ferramenta que pode fazer emergir laços sociais que se refletem no espaço físico, não o substituindo, mas o completando. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de caso da Tribuna (lista de discussão) do sítio: Agenda do Samba e do Choro. A lista de discussão foi acompanhada durante três meses em agosto, outubro e novembro. Foram utilizados três instrumentos de pesquisa: a análise de entrevistas coletadas no dia da festa de aniversário da Agenda no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, a análise dos e-mails trocados entre os participantes da lista e, por último, a análise dos questionários enviados aos membros da Tribuna. Os resultados sugeriram que os relacionamentos constituídos na Tribuna podem extrapolar para o mundo físico e que há uma necessidade por parte dos participantes de que o convívio social seja experimentado também fisicamente. Também foi observado que os encontros físicos não deixam de acontecer quando se utiliza a Internet e muito menos que esta destrói a sociabilidade contemporânea. O resultado sugere ainda que existe a partilha de um mesmo território seja ele concreto ou imaterial impulsionado, no caso da Tribuna, pela troca de informação sobre samba e choro. / The Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) inaugurated a new sociability way that transposed the interaction and the social relations formation for a new support: the cyberspace. The hypothesis of this work is communication technologies may configure new sociability spaces, inaugurating new experiences to be with someone else, and providing a local approximation. The objective is investigate if the cyberspace is a tool that may appear social relations, which reflect at physical space, not replacing it, but completing it. For that was executed a case study from sites Tribuna (discussion list) Agenda do Samba e do Choro. The discussion list was studied for three months August, October and November. Three research tools were used: the interviews analysis collected during the Agenda anniversary party in Rio de Janeiro RJ, changed e-mails analysis between the Tribunas users and questionnaires analysis sent to the list members. The results suggested that the relationships made in Tribuna may cross to the physical world and there is a members necessity social living to be physically experimented. As well noticed the physical meetings continue to happen when the Internet is used and the contemporary sociability is not destroyed. The result suggests that still exists experience of the same territory - concrete or immaterial stimulated, in the Tribunas case, by the samba and choro information exchange.

A Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CMC) inaugurou uma nova forma de sociabilidade que transpôs a interação e a constituição dos laços sociais para um novo suporte: o ciberespaço. A hipótese deste trabalho é de que as tecnologias de comunicação podem configurar novos espaços de sociabilidade, inaugurando novas práticas de estar com o outro, e, inclusive, propiciar uma aproximação local. O objetivo é investigar se o ciberespaço é uma ferramenta que pode fazer emergir laços sociais que se refletem no espaço físico, não o substituindo, mas o completando. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de caso da Tribuna (lista de discussão) do sítio: Agenda do Samba e do Choro. A lista de discussão foi acompanhada durante três meses em agosto, outubro e novembro. Foram utilizados três instrumentos de pesquisa: a análise de entrevistas coletadas no dia da festa de aniversário da Agenda no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, a análise dos e-mails trocados entre os participantes da lista e, por último, a análise dos questionários enviados aos membros da Tribuna. Os resultados sugeriram que os relacionamentos constituídos na Tribuna podem extrapolar para o mundo físico e que há uma necessidade por parte dos participantes de que o convívio social seja experimentado também fisicamente. Também foi observado que os encontros físicos não deixam de acontecer quando se utiliza a Internet e muito menos que esta destrói a sociabilidade contemporânea. O resultado sugere ainda que existe a partilha de um mesmo território seja ele concreto ou imaterial impulsionado, no caso da Tribuna, pela troca de informação sobre samba e choro. / The Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) inaugurated a new sociability way that transposed the interaction and the social relations formation for a new support: the cyberspace. The hypothesis of this work is communication technologies may configure new sociability spaces, inaugurating new experiences to be with someone else, and providing a local approximation. The objective is investigate if the cyberspace is a tool that may appear social relations, which reflect at physical space, not replacing it, but completing it. For that was executed a case study from sites Tribuna (discussion list) Agenda do Samba e do Choro. The discussion list was studied for three months August, October and November. Three research tools were used: the interviews analysis collected during the Agenda anniversary party in Rio de Janeiro RJ, changed e-mails analysis between the Tribunas users and questionnaires analysis sent to the list members. The results suggested that the relationships made in Tribuna may cross to the physical world and there is a members necessity social living to be physically experimented. As well noticed the physical meetings continue to happen when the Internet is used and the contemporary sociability is not destroyed. The result suggests that still exists experience of the same territory - concrete or immaterial stimulated, in the Tribunas case, by the samba and choro information exchange.

The vertebrate hypothalamus is a central node within multiple interwoven neural networks that integrate external and internal cues to control homeostasis, endocrine functions and social behavior. The neuropeptide hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is produced in both the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Expression within these nuclei is conserved across species, and species differences in the expression of AVP and its cognate receptors correlate with differences in social behavior. As a central node within the social behavior network, chemogenetic manipulation of AVP+ cells in the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) of the hypothalamus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between social behavior and the regulation of stress responses. Here, we show that reversibly inducing excitatory activity in vasopressin neurons in the PVN results in reduced motivation for social interaction and increased grooming behavior in males. Chronic activation of PVN AVP neurons reduced social motivation in male mice that persisted even without CNO administration. These results highlight the role PVN AVP+ neurons play in the modulation of male social motivation.

In an age of Revolution, when the rights of the individual were being fought for, Anna Letitia Barbauld was at the centre of the ideological debate. This thesis focuses on her political writing; it argues that she was more radical than previously thought. It provides new evidence of Barbauld’s close connection to an international network of reformers. Motivated by her Dissenting faith, her poems suggest that she made topical interventions which linked humanitarian concerns to wider abuses of power. This thesis traces Barbauld’s intellectual connections to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century religious and political thought. It examines her dialogues with the leading thinkers of her era, in particular Joseph Priestley. Setting her political writing in the context of the 1790s pamphlet wars, I argue that it is surprising that her 1792 pamphlet, Civic Sermons, escaped prosecution; its criticism of the government has similarities to the ideas of writers who were tried. My analysis of Barbauld’s political and socio-economic ideas suggests that, unlike many of her contemporaries, she trusted ordinary people, believing that they had a right to be involved in government. She argued that intellectuals should provide them with information but not tell them what to think. These democratic ideas were reflected in her literary approach; she employed different genres to reach different audiences. She critiqued and used the discourses of enthusiasm and sensibility to appeal to the emotions of her readers. I argue that, by adapting the traditionally male genre of political pamphlets, her work was part of a tradition of progressive female political thought dating back to the seventeenth century. Her innovative defence of civil liberties contributed to the development of liberalism.

No ambiente urbano regido pela lógica capitalista são raros os momentos para estreitar laços, fazer novas amizades e usufruir de conversas pela simples satisfação que momentos como esses proporcionam. A sociabilidade, no sentido que lhe é atribuído por Georg Simmel, é dificultada pelos imperativos da vida moderna que resultam de uma lógica na qual as relações humanas são permeadas pela economia monetária. Tendo em vista que a sociabilidade é uma necessidade humana, as pessoas se organizam de maneira a contornar o isolamento produzido pela cidade capitalista. O objetivo dessa dissertação é investigar à luz das contribuições teóricas do sociólogo alemão, o modo pelo qual as pessoas organizam espaços que oportunizam momentos de compartilhamento e convivência fraterna no ambiente urbano. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, tomamos o Projeto Vizinhança (PV) como objeto de investigação empírica e utilizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas e pesquisa exploratória como técnicas de obtenção de dados. O PV é um coletivo aberto que ativa espaços ociosos transformando-os, por tempo determinado, em palcos para que as pessoas se conheçam, troquem experiências e compartilhem ideias enquanto realizam inúmeras atividades. Com o auxílio da análise de conteúdo foi possível verificar que iniciativas como o PV contribuem para amenizar o isolamento na vida urbana na medida em que atende à necessidade de sociabilidade que o capitalismo tardio não proporciona. / In the urban environment governed by the capitalist logic, there are few moments to strengthen ties, to make new friends and to enjoy conversations for the simple satisfaction that moments like these provide. Sociability, in the sense attributed to it by Georg Simmel, is hampered by the imperatives of modern life which result from a logic in which human relations are permeated by monetary economy. Given that sociability is a human need, people organize themselves in such a way as to avoid this isolation produced by the capitalist city. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate in the light of the theoretical contributions of the German sociologist, the way in which people organize spaces that provide opportunities for sharing and fraternal coexistence in the urban environment. Through a qualitative approach, we take the Neighborhood Project (PV) as an object of empirical research and use semi-structured interviews and exploratory research as data collection techniques. The PV is an open collective that activates idle spaces by transforming them, for a determined time, into places for people to get to meet each other, exchange experiences and share ideas while doing many activities. With the help of content analysis, it was possible to verify that initiatives such as the PV contribute to soften the isolation in urban life insofar.

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