Student Number : 0302103D - MA research report - School of Social Sciences - Faculty of Humanities / Against the background of theories of culture, this research questions the motives and experiences of expatriates that return to South Africa, their country of origin. In re-telling their personal stories the research aims to shed light on the decisionmaking processes that repatriates go through and explores the experiences associated with such migration so as to better comprehend what social reintegration and re-adaptation means for the individual returnee. The research uses a range of interview-focused methodologies and concentrates on the interrelated topics of migration, home, identity and social experience as the primary thematic loci. In total, fourteen returnees were interviewed. The Life Histories of two of them are examined in greater detail and their fuller stories anchor the findings and research results. All interviewees stated that special emotional bonds with South Africa had brought them back “home”: they either wanted to ‘reconnect’ with their families or the country itself; they wanted to expose their children to it or they wanted to be part of the new South Africa and help bring about change. As a consequence of their migrant journeys the interviewees gained a much stronger awareness for the cultural (i.e., geographical and lifestyle) sources of their personal identities. By exposing themselves to different surroundings and cultures they developed hybrid identities, thereby layering international associations onto their established cultural traditions and senses of self. Existing models on repatriation do not adequately account for the importance culture plays in people’s experiences of repatriation; yet clearly social as well as cultural issues play an important role. The main factors relating to ease of re-integration and re-adaptation (identified by the literature as economic, logistical, financial and social support) seem to hold true - but again the current literature tends to overlook the role that culture plays in these processes. The majority of these repatriates have established strong residential ties to overseas, whether it be through multiple citizenship or a foreign spouse, and several would consider leaving again should circumstances deteriorate locally. The research was fundamentally qualitative and therefore narrowly focused in nature. A so-called ‘snow-ball’ system was used to identify possible interviewees. This resulted in findings that may have limited statistical validity in the strict sense. Nonetheless, the data generated valuable insights that might be considered applicable for later analytical incorporation and/or policy applications in regards to the continuing ‘brain drain’ out of South Africa and other countries of the Developing World.

Community development places emphasis on community members¡¦ cooperation, to which the role of a leader is a key factor. In other word, leadership has great impact on community development. Researchers look to gain a deeper understanding on leadership in community development. Through assessing their background, character, role-awareness and performance, as well as their social experience in the community setting, researchers examine and compare the social capital that each community leader accumulates. To interpret quantified research result, this researcher engaged in literature review and in-depth interviews. In the three general surveys conducted, ninety community leaders were selected to answer the questionnaire survey. After analysis, they are categorized as natural leaders, hereditary leaders, situational leader, and behind-the-curtain leaders. The research findings include: 1. different leader type results in different amount of social capital accumulated. 2. Social capital generated by leaders is different based upon their character. 3. Leader¡¦s role-awareness also influences the amount of social capital generated. 4. Leader¡¦s performance impacts the amount of social capital generated. 5. Leader¡¦s social experiences also influence the amount of social capital generated. 6. Gender difference impacts the amount of social capital generated. 7. Female are often behind-the-curtain leaders, thus they are often not as productive in social capital accumulation as compared to their male counterparts. 8. A regression model of social capital can be built based on the variables of community leader¡¦s role-awareness, performance and social experience. This research has weakness in theoretical construct and methodological method. The author would like to propose some suggestions as follows. When doing research on this field, researchers are always limited by inevitable obstacles. A comparison among the districts in Kaohsiung is suggested to be conducted and later, a comparative analysis of community leaders between Taipei and Kaohsiung is to be followed. Moreover, there is little research regarding community leaders, let alone the character analysis of community leaders in terms of social capital. It is suggested that the occupation of the leader¡¦s spouse and the leader¡¦s devotion to community service be included in independent variables for the further research. The author provides suggestions for further studies as follow: 1. Further researchers who have further interest in this field can adopt the questionnaires in this study to design their survey questionnaire. 2. The model of accumulating social capital can be used by the further researchers.

Past research has explored social experience in relation to depression among college females. Other studies have investigated the relationship between social experience and alcohol use among college students. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship among all the three variables, social experience, depression, and alcohol use, in female college students. In the present study, 132 traditional age female college students completed a Brief Social Experience Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The results did not show a relationship between AUDIT scores and social experience ratings, but individuals who provided dissatisfied ratings of their social experience had higher depression scores falling into the clinical depression range on the BDI.

Recent studies have begun to explore the features of perinatal experience which facilitate infants’ abilities to integrate information from the various sensory modalities. The present study utilized a precocial avian infant, the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), to explore 1) what types of postnatal social experience young chicks require to successfully pair sights and sounds and 2) when these experiences need to occur to maintain species-typical intersensory development. Specifically, chicks in this study were reared in one of four conditions: with normal siblings, with altered tactile experience, with altered auditory experience, or with altered visual experience. Findings revealed that altered tactile, auditory, and visual experience presented throughout the first 72 hrs of postnatal development delays chicks’ ability to integrate maternal auditory and visual information at 72 hrs of age, a response reliably seen in unmanipulated chicks. Furthermore, results showed that altered sensory experience in any modality presented during the first 36 hrs of postnatal development delays intersensory responsiveness. Altered tactile or auditory sensory information presented during the last 36 hrs of postnatal development also disrupted normal perceptual development, while altered visual information presented during the last 36 hrs of postnatal development failed to disrupt species-typical responsiveness. These findings suggest that normal sensory experience derived from social interaction is important for normal species-typical development. / Master of Science

This is a comparative study on postgraduate students‘ social experiences in two academic departments: the Faculty of Health Sciences and the Wits School of Business, at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), South Africa. This study‘s central questions are: how do postgraduate students from two departments perceive their social experiences? What shaped their perceptions? And how do they compare? This study shows a difference in students‘ perceptions and understandings of the social space in those departments. That is, social interactions at the business school (Wits School of Business) are closely linked to the academic space with the patterns linked to having friends from the same classes and study groups with very high expectations of social life on campus; while in the Faculty of Health Sciences, social interactions are limited and socially orientated with the patterns of having friends from the same department and same region with low expectations on their social life. This difference is explained by means of two main factors, the nature of the academic discipline and the students‘ individual identities that they bring to campus.

Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) form dominance hierarchies, which are patterns of repeated fights with expected outcomes of winner and loser. Establishment of hierarchies allows dominants the first access to limited resources over subordinates, and leads to behavioral and cellular changes corresponding to the social status. Here, the animals¡¯ responses to an unexpected unilateral touch, a non-social stimulus, were examined with respect to their social status and to their social context. Isolates oriented to the stimulus source with raised claws and elevated posture. Dominants also oriented to the stimulus both when tested alone and in the presence of a subordinate. Subordinates oriented to the stimulus while separated from their familiar dominant partner; however, they avoided it when tested while paired with the dominant. In subsequent tests first while semi-separated from the dominant and later while fully separated, the same subordinates displayed more orienting responses as the duration of post-fight separation increased. These results suggest that the lingering effects of recent social experience influence the behavior of subordinate animals. During fights, crayfish release urine toward each other, providing critical chemosensory cues for establishing hierarchies. Throughout the lifespan, new neuronal precursors are added into clusters of olfactory local and projection interneurons (clusters 9 and 10). Here, the effect of pair-wise social experience on neurogenesis in these brain regions was examined using the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine. Groups of proliferating cells in clusters 9 and 10 formed distinctive comma shapes. The BrdU-positive nuclei in the head part of the comma were smaller and more circular than those in the tail part of the comma. Subordinates had fewer new neuronal precursors surviving in cluster 9 after 14 days than did dominants. Mitotic activity was not influenced by social status. The effect of social experience on neurogenesis remained when the effect of body growth rate on neurogenesis was removed. In conclusion, social domination enhances cell survival compared to social subordination. Although the function of these surviving newborn neuronal precursors is unknown they may enhance the learning ability of dominant crayfish.

During the interwar period in Iran and Egypt, local and regional manifestation of tajadod/al-jidida (modernity) as a “cultural identity crisis” created the nationalist image and practice of zan-e emrouzi-e shahri/al-mar’a al-jidida al-madani (the urban/secular “New Woman”). The dynamics of the process involved performance art, including the covert medium of journalism and the overt world of the performing arts of music, play, and cinema. The image of the “New Woman” as asl/al-asala (cultural authenticity) connected sonnat/al-sunna (tradition) with the global trends of modernism, linking pre-nineteenth century popular forms of performing arts to new genres, forms, and social experiences of the space of the performing arts. The subversive transnational character of performance art operated across borders to promote both the discourse of modern womanhood in-the-making among intellectuals, and the public practice of women’s presence among the masses. However, the trans-border effects of the medium were limited by local cultural and political ideologies of nationalism. The spectacle of women on the screen addressed national independence and the creation of a national film industry to resist the financial dominance of Europeans. In Iran, zan-e emrouzi-e shahri served the project of founding a modern nation-state, elevating of a culture of the city and urban development, and institutionalizing performing arts, mirroring the upholding of “male-guardianship.” In Egypt, in the absence of an authoritarian modern state and long-term experience of foreign occupations, al-mar’a al-jidida al-madani accompanied the traditional figure of bint al-balad (the countryside girl) to present modern advancements in film production with a traditional accent, to oppose European cultural values, to provide a tangible space for women’s multifaceted anti-colonial maneuvering, and to connect Egypt’s past history to its future. Performance art helped women to convey their cultural nationalism and a sense of imagined identity by letting them see and be seen by each other, create interactions between the artist and the audience, and emphasize music as the heart of a society’s culture and art. A culture of body performance, a female visual public sphere, and a feminine (and feminist) interpretation of cultural authenticity in performance art led women to claim the profession as a legitimate career.

Lietuvoje didesnę nusikalstamų veikų dalį padaro vyrai. Tačiau pastebima, kad moterų nusikalstamumas pastaruoju metu didėja. Nusikaltusios moterys – yapatingi visuomenės nariai. Kaip socialinė grupė - neturi savarankiško statuso. Jos visiškai priklauso nuo visuomenės, nuo sukurtų institucijų, vertybių. Darbo tikslas – atskleisti ir išanalizuoti socializacijos įtaką moterų nusikalstamumui. Remiantis šiuo tikslu buvo iškelti uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti skirtingos socialinės patirties moterų nuomonę apie nusikalstamumą įtakojančias sąlygas. 2. Apžvelgti socialinių institucijų įtaką moterų nusikalstamai veiklai. 3. Išanalizuoti skirtingos socialinės patirties moterų nuomonę apie nusikalstamumo prevencijos ir socializacijos aspektus. 4. Išanalizuoti darbuotojų, dirbančių su nusikaltusiomis moterimis nuomonę, apie pastarųjų socializacijos, nusikalstamumo problemas. 5. Išanalizuoti visuomenės požiūrį į nusikaltusias moteris, jų socializaciją. Tyrimo hipotezės: 1. Skirtinga socialinė patirtis (gyvenimo aplinka, šeima, kurioje auga ir kurią sukuria, draugai, nepriteklius, alkoholis, narkotikai) tiesiogiai daro įtaką moterų nusikalstamumui.. 2. Neigiamas visuomenės stabdo moterų, grįžusių iš įkalinimo įstaigos, resocializaciją bei turi įtakos pakartotiniam moterų nusikalstamumui. 3. Institucinės pagalbos veiksmingumą lemia motyvacija ir aktyvumas, noras keisti savo gyvenimą. Darbo struktūra: Įvade pateikiamas nusikalstamumo socializacijos problemos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The bigger part of criminal activity in Lithuania belongs to men. But recently women criminal activity has grown noticeably. Woman who committed any crime are special members of society. Like social group they don‘t have independent status. They completely depended on society, special institutions. Research goal: to analyze adaptability influence to women criminal activity. Goals: 1. to analyse women of different social experience opinion on criminal activity. 2. Social institutions influence to women criminal activity. 3. To analyse women of different social experience thoughts on crime prevention and adaptability. 4. To analyse social workers thoughts about women criminal and adaptability problems. 5. To analyse what society thinks about these women, they adaptability. . Research hypothesis: 1. Different social experience does influence women criminal activity. 2. The biggest influence to women criminal activity has family education, social status, unemployment, alcohol, narcotics. 3. Negative society look on women who served time in prison, slows they adaptability, and drives them back to crime. Research stucture: Introduction shows topicality of women adaptability and criminal problems, research subject. Discusing on work goals and research planning. In first chapter examining presumption of women criminal activity and adaptability. In second chapter introduced research and interview with experts results. At the end introduced hypothesis confirmation and final... [to full text]

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-06T19:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wolney Fernandes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5270988 bytes, checksum: 0013a1786ef511ee11bfe31468c30ff7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T12:32:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wolney Fernandes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5270988 bytes, checksum: 0013a1786ef511ee11bfe31468c30ff7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T12:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wolney Fernandes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5270988 bytes, checksum: 0013a1786ef511ee11bfe31468c30ff7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / This research is designed as an exercise of mapping practices that revolve around memories of my maternal grandfather in an attempt to baste other sources of knowledge to my experience as a teacher. Between the lines of a narrative research, this mapping (DELEUZE, GUATTARI, 2011; ROLNIK, 2006) seeks to show processes, artistic and pedagogical, woven in teaching-learning situations and developed through meetings with four craftsmen who knew my grandfather. For the configuration of these meetings and the interweaving of narratives, mine and of craftsmen, it is possible to envision a circuit composed by affective itineraries. To affect and be affected in the review of stories about my grandfather, I use assembly operations (DIDI-HUBERMAN, 2012; 2013) to demarcate the plot of a collaborative network comprised gradually, without my knowing what would be your final design. Of interpretative, the demarcations obtained by this network were organized in a kind of atlas where it is possible to investigate the development of maps as an analytical tool and building ideas. Through discoveries engendered by these moving landscapes would highlight aspects of drift and wandering (DEBORD, 2003; CARERI, 2013; CERTEAU, 2014) as creative positions around teaching and creating art practices. Finally, seek references in the practices of craftsmen (SENNET, 2009) and aim for a job associated with convivial experiences with emphasis on processes. Through these notes emerge collaborative practices, which I believe can contribute to circumscribe a wider knowledge on how to act in different spaces of mediation. / Esta pesquisa se desenha como um exercício de cartografar práticas que orbitam em torno de memórias do meu avô materno na tentativa de alinhavar outras fontes de conhecimento à minha experiência como professor. Pelas entrelinhas de uma pesquisa narrativa, essa cartografia (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 2011; ROLNIK, 2006) busca evidenciar processos, artísticos e pedagógicos, tramados em situações de ensino-aprendizagem e revelados por meio de encontros com quatro artífices que conheceram meu avô. Pela configuração desses encontros e o entrecruzamento de narrativas, minhas e dos artífices, é possível vislumbrar um circuito composto por itinerários afetivos. Ao afetar e ser afetado na revisão de histórias sobre meu avô, utilizo operações de montagem (DIDI-HUBERMAN, 2012; 2013) para demarcar a trama de uma rede colaborativa, constituída gradativamente, sem que eu soubesse qual seria o seu desenho final. De cunho interpretativo, as demarcações obtidas por essa rede foram organizadas numa espécie de atlas por onde é possível investigar a elaboração de mapas como ferramenta de análise e construção de ideias. Através das descobertas engendradas por essas paisagens moventes realço aspectos da deriva e da errância (DEBORD, 2003; CARERI, 2013; CERTEAU, 2014) como posicionamentos criativos em torno de práticas de ensino e criação em arte. Por fim, busco referências nas práticas dos artífices (SENNET, 2009) e aponto para um trabalho associado a experiências de convívio com ênfase nos processos. Por meio desses apontamentos, emergem práticas colaborativas, as quais acredito, podem contribuir para circunscrever um conhecimento mais amplo sobre a maneira de atuar em diferentes espaços de mediação.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A questÃo central deste estudo à compreender como os trabalhadores rurais integrantes do Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) reconstroem a experiÃncia social de sua primeira ocupaÃÃo de terra no Cearà tendo como referÃncia fundamental a categoria tempo. Portanto, a interpretaÃÃo visa perceber as lÃgicas que organizam os sentidos atribuÃdos ao passado expressos nas falas dos seus protagonistas e na ritualizaÃÃo polÃtica do evento elaborada pelo MST. Nesse sentido, a memÃria em foco tem por referÃncia a ocupaÃÃo realizada pelo Movimento no Cearà em maio de 1989 nas terras de propriedade do general Wicar Parente de Paula Pessoa chamadas de Fazendas Reunidas SÃo Joaquim localizadas no municÃpio de Madalena na regiÃo do SertÃo Central cearense. Os relatos dos participantes da ocupaÃÃo reconstroem sua experiÃncia organizativa por meio de elaboraÃÃes discursivas que operam a constituiÃÃo de temporalidades vinculadas a processos sociais diversos, como: regimes de trabalho e produÃÃo, sociabilidade, estrutura de propriedade, religiÃo e participaÃÃo polÃtica. Nesse sentido, os relatos dos sujeitos pesquisados apontam duas temporalidades da ocupaÃÃo ocorrida em 1989, sÃo elas: O tempo do patrÃo e Quando os assentados chegaram. A primeira temporalidade circunscreve as relaÃÃes sociais anteriores à ocupaÃÃo e relaciona-se ao sistema de dominaÃÃo polÃtica tradicional, Ãs formas de sujeiÃÃo do trabalho nas grandes propriedades de terra e à pequena produÃÃo agrÃcola em minifÃndios prÃprios ao mundo rural do Cearà nos anos de 1980. Por sua vez, a segunda temporalidade agrega a aÃÃo pastoral do cristianismo de libertaÃÃo, os conflitos sociais existentes entre patrÃes e trabalhadores internos Ãs propriedades rurais, a aÃÃo sindical, a mobilizaÃÃo social para a realizaÃÃo da ocupaÃÃo, a chegada dos ocupantes à propriedade, o perÃodo do acampamento e o estabelecimento do assentamento 25 de Maio. Os trabalhadores rurais participantes do processo em foco elaboram simbolicamente sua experiÃncia social num ritual nomeado de mÃstica em que a memÃria sobre a primeira ocupaÃÃo de terra do MST no Cearà institui as exaltaÃÃes e ocultaÃÃes discursivas admitidas pelos integrantes do Movimento como forma legÃtima de enunciaÃÃo do vivido. Nesse sentido, o discurso de recordaÃÃo encarna um papel justificador das aÃÃes de contestaÃÃo no presente em referÃncia a um passado trabalhado numa construÃÃo social do tempo em referÃncia a um evento percebido como fundador: a ocupaÃÃo. / The central question of this study is understand how rural workers members of the Movement of Landless Workers (MST) reconstruct the social experience of their first land occupation in the Ceara with reference of time. Therefore, the interpretation aims to understand the logics that organize the meanings attributed to the past expressed in the statements of its protagonists and the political ritualization of the event prepared by the MST. Accordingly, the focus is on memory by reference to occupation realized by the Movement in Cearà in May 1989 on land owned by General Wicar Parente Paula Pessoa called Fazendas Reunidas SÃo Joaquim located in the municipality of Madalena in the region of Central Hinterland CearÃ. The speech of the occupationâs participants reconstruct its organizational experience through discursive elaborations operating the establishment of time frames that are linked to various social processes, such as schemes of work and production, sociability, ownership structure, religion and political participation. In this sense, the accounts of individuals surveyed indicate two different times of the occupation occurred in 1989, they are: The time of the farmer and When the settlers arrived. The first temporality limited social relationships before the occupation and relates to the traditional system of political domination, forms of subjection of labor in large land holdings and small-scale agricultural production in smallholdings inherent in rural areas of Ceara in 1980. By other hand, the second temporality adds a pastoral temporality of Christianity of liberation, social conflicts between employers and domestic workers to the farms, the union activity, social mobilization for the implementation of the occupation, the arrival of the occupants of the property, the moment of the camp and the establishment of the settlement on 25 de Maio. The rural workers participating in the process on focus symbolically elaborate their social experience in a ritual named mÃstica. On this ritual, the memory of the first occupation of land in Cearà realized by the MST is appropriated in a speech about exaltation and occultation allowed by members of the Movement as a legitimate form of enunciation of the event. The discourse of remembrance embodies a function justifying the actions of resistance in a reference to a past working in the social construction of time in reference to an event perceived as a founder: the occupation.