The impact of our membership of European Union on Czech insurance market - EU Law Directions and their consequences for insurance market including changes in compulsory Road Traffic Act Insurance, experience tables, rating, IFRS 4 and Solvency II

The subject of the diploma thesis is financial analysis of Fire Mutual Insurance Company from the year 2004 to 2008. The thesis consists of two parts- theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part describes acceptable methods of financial analysis of commercial insurance company. On the basis of specific activities of insurance companies are selected the typical indicators for insurance company. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the application of selected methods of financial analysis for the Fire Mutual Insurance Company.

Diploma thesis deals with the Economic analysis of a company ArcelorMittal Ostrava, a. s. and evaluates its economic condition from 2010 until 2014. Thesis involves strategic analysis and financial analysis. Author describes the topic with a perspective of an external analyst and used companys annual report as his fundamental source. The strategic analysis is based on its micro and macro environment and SWOT analysis as well. The Financial analysis includes calculation of absolute, differential and ratio indicators. On top of that financial analysis contains the pyramid decomposition of the return on equity, economic value added, the bankruptcy and solvency models and comparison among other companies. Based on his research author concludes with recommendations which could lead to improvement of companys economic and market position. Most important findings are summarized and companys condition is evaluated at the end of this thesis.

This thesis introduces various approaches to natural catastrophe risk assessment in (re)insurance environment. Most emphasis and further elaboration is put on probabilistic models in comparison to the standard model as proposed by Solvency II. The outcomes of natural catastrophe modeling play an important role in the design of proper actuarial models related to catastrophe risk. More specifically it is shown that they can be entirely understood in a wider actuarial context, namely risk theory. Within the Solvency II framework, probabilistic model outcomes are translated by means of the proposed decomposition methodology putting them into a similar language of the standard formula in order to create the ability to compare different results implied by either probabilistic model or standard formula. This enables both comparison of the implied dependence structure of probabilistic model to standardized correlations assumed in Solvency II, and scenario year loss factors of Solvency II to implied damage factors of probabilistic models in defined cresta zones. The introduced decomposition methodology is illustrated by flood and windstorm model outcomes calculated on exposure data of Czech insurance companies and compared to the respective standard formula parameters and outcomes. Finally, other applications of the proposed decomposition methodology are introduced, such as measurement of diversification effect or blending of different results calculated by different models or even approaches to natural catastrophe risk assessment.

The thesis is focused on finding the most appropriate method for constructing the yield curve which will meet the criteria of Solvency II and also the selected evaluation criteria. An overview of advantages of each method is obtained by comparing these methods. Yield curves are constructed using the Czech interest rate swap data from 2007 to 2013. The selection of the evaluated methods respects their public availability and their practical application in life insurance or central banks. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part describes the theoretical background which is necessary to understand the examined issues. In the second part the analysis of selected methods was carried out with detailed evaluation.

La présente thèse traite la modélisation mathématique des risques souverains et ses applications.Dans le premier chapitre, motivé par la crise de la dette souveraine de la zone euro, nous proposons un modèle de risque de défaut souverain. Ce modèle prend en compte aussi bien le mouvement de la solvabilité souveraine que l’impact des événements politiques critiques, en y additionnant un risque de crédit idiosyncratique. Nous nous intéressons aux probabilités que le défaut survienne aux dates d’événements politiques critiques, pour lesquelles nous obtenons des formules analytiques dans un cadre markovien, où nous traitons minutieusement quelques particularités inhabituelles, entre autres le modèle CEV lorsque le paramètre d’élasticité β >1. Nous déterminons de manière explicite le processus compensateur du défaut et montrons que le processus d’intensité n’existe pas, ce qui oppose notre modèle aux approches classiques. Dans le deuxième chapitre, en examinant certains modèles hybrides issus de la littérature, nous considérons une classe de temps aléatoires dont la loi conditionnelle est discontinue et pour lesquels les hypothèses classiques du grossissement de filtrations ne sont pas satisfaites. Nous étendons l’approche de densité à un cadre plus général, où l’hypothèse de Jacod s’assouplit, afin de traiter de tels temps aléatoires dans l’univers du grossissement progressif de filtrations. Nous étudions également des problèmes classiques : le calcul du compensateur, la décomposition de la surmartingale d’Azéma, ainsi que la caractérisation des martingales. La décomposition des martingales et des semi-martingales dans la filtration élargie affirme que l’hypothèse H’ demeure valable dans ce cadre généralisé. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous présentons des applications des modèles proposés dans les chapitres précédents. L’application la plus importante du modèle de défaut souverain et de l’approche de densité généralisée est l’évaluation des titres soumis au risque de défaut. Les résultats expliquent les sauts négatifs importants dans le rendement actuariel de l’obligation à long terme de la Grèce pendant la crise de la dette souveraine. La solvabilité de la Grèce a tendance à s’empirer au fil des années et le rendement de l’obligation a des sauts négatifs lors des événements politiques critiques. En particulier, la taille d’un saut dépend de la gravité d’un choc exogène, du temps écoulé depuis le dernier événement politique, et de la valeur du recouvrement. L’approche de densité généralisée rend aussi possible la modélisation des défauts simultanés qui, bien que rares, ont un impact grave sur le marché. / This dissertation deals with the mathematical modelling of sovereign credit risk and its applications. In Chapter 1, motivated by the European sovereign debt crisis, we propose a hybrid sovereign risk model which takes into account both the movement of the sovereign solvency and the impact of critical political events besides the idiosyncratic credit risk. We are interested in the probability that the default occurs at critical political dates, for which we obtain closed-form formulae in a Markovian setting, where we deal with some unusual features, such as a treatment of the CEV model when the elasticity parameter β > 1. We compute explicitly the compensator process of default and show that the intensity process does not exist. In Chapter 2, by studying certain hybrid models in literature on credit risks, we consider a type of random times whose conditional probability distribution is not continuous and by which standard intensity and density hypotheses in the enlargement of filtrations are not satisfied. We propose a generalised density approach, where the hypothesis of Jacod is relaxed, in order to deal with such random times in the framework of progressive enlargement of filtrations We also study classic problems such as the computation of the compensator process of the random time, the decomposition of the Azéma supermartingale, as well as the martingale characterisation. The martingale and semimartingale decompositions in the enlarged filtration show that the H’-hypothesis holds in this generalised framework. In Chapter 3, we display several applications of the models proposed in the previous chapters. The most important application of the hybrid default model and the generalised density approach is the valuation of default claims. The results explain the significant negative jumps in the long-term Greek government bond yield during the sovereign debt crisis. The solvency of Greece tends to fall gradually through time and the bond yield has negative jumps when critical political events are held. In particular, the size of a jump depends on the seriousness of an exogenous shock, the elapsed time since the last political event, and the value of the recovery payment. The generalised density approach also makes possible the modelling of simultaneous defaults, which are rare but may have an important impact.

This diploma thesis deals with the definition of methods and procedures for evaluating financial performance enterprise and their applications in the evaluation of the selected management company. The results of the analysis are evaluated over time, but also are compared with industry averages. In order to eliminate the identified shortcomings in the practical part of the diploma thesis proposes measures that are subsequently quantified.

This master´s thesis deals with an evaluation of financial situation in the company ModusLink Czech Republic s.r.o. using most suitable and modern methods. The theoretical part of the master´s thesis is focused on determination of financial analysis, the description of their methods and their comparision. On the based facts established by inquiry there is a conclusion of the thesis where are designed possibilities for management to improve the financial situation of the company.

This master’s thesis is focused on problems within the financial situation in one specific company. At the beginning the chosen methods of evaluation of company financial performance are introduced. Afterwards the thesis performs the practical evaluation of specific company financial performance based on the information taken from financial statements and other non public reports. The target of this master’s thesis is to perform the financial analysis of specific company and proposal of its improvement. This target is reached in final part of the master’s thesis.

This Master´s thesis is focus on the evaluation of performance and financial health of the REDA corporation from 2006 to 2010. In the practical part of thesis is perfomed analysis of the company and financial analysis and a comparison of its results with three competing companies. The target of this master´s thesis is suggestions to improve and to conserve company performace.