M.Ed. / The task of this research report has been to map out the historical experience of the People's Education movement in South Africa from its inception in 1986 to its eventual national closure in March 1995. The People's Education movement under the banner of the NECC had been an endemic part of the education struggles experienced in South Africa, and had played a major role in informing the post-apartheid educational bureaucracy. Its historical role is therefore a significant and essential part of our educational experience. As Wolpe (1991: 77), has said, "the historical significance of People's Education lies in the fact that its conceptions not only challenged all previous conceptions of educational transformations in South Africa, but in so doing, placed on the agenda questions which must constitute the necessary point of departure for the formulation of new policies and strategies under new conditions". The first chapter of this dissertation has demonstrated that the concept of People's Education had been adopted by the oppressed peoples of South Africa in various forms from a very early stage and has therefore not been a new notion. The official launching of the People's Education movement encouraged extreme state repression but despite this, the movement managed to initiate the introduction up of alternative textbooks and the redirection the opposition movement towards a more reconstructive channel. The second chapter of this theses has attempted to trace the experience of the NECC between the years 1986-1990. It was found that the concept of People's Education captured the interests of academics who attempted to make sense of the movement by dissecting and analysing the various terms employed by People's Education. This theoretical analysis did not paralyse the movement in any way. Instead, it revitalised it and enhanced its value. As Carrim (1993) has stated, "Intellectual theorising has been an endemic part of the struggle nationally, as well as within the NECC, and at no time did it paralyse it, rather, it was enhanced and informed by these debates". Theory and practice always compliment each other. The intellectual scrutiny that the People's Education movement experienced was a natural stage in its growth. Without the necessary theoretical debates, many ideas in the People's Education movement would remain unworkable on a practical level. The final chapter of this paper has historisised the People's Education movement during the political transformative years of 1990-1995. It showed that during this time the official banner of People's Education, the NECC, played an instrumental role in the negotiating process and at the same time succeeded in extinguishing numerous crisis situations. Its decision to expand on a national level by incorporating affiliated educational organisations tended to complicate the smooth running of the organisation, and the eventual withdrawal of international

M.Comm. / Moderne organisasies ondervind hernude druk van interne en eksterne faktore en voortdurende verandering word genoodsaak. Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies vorm nou meer as ooit tevore deel van die globale wereld en moet sodoende ook meer buigsaam wees om internasionaal te kan meeding. In hierdie verhandeling word daar gekyk na moontlike nuwe organisasie vorme en die strewe na 'n sogenaamde "Lewende Organisasie" word beklemtoon. Daar is soveel aspekte wat reeds sigbaar is in die natuur en daar kan 'n spesifieke verwantskap getrek word na natuurlike verskynsels en organisasie-sisteme. Organisasies bestaan uit individue wat as 'n somtotaal 'n geweldige magdom kennis daarstel en ook sodoende gesien kan word as die DNA van organisasies. Die enkele belangrikste beskouing is dus om die paradigma te skuif oor die sienswyse van organisasies. Organisasies is nie meer masjiene nie, maar moet beskou word as "Iewende organismes" en dus "Lewende Organisasies". Met Suid-Afrika wat deel vorm van die wereld-mark, kan dit vereis dat organisasies meer sensitief sal moet wees vir omgewings-invloede en die aanpassing by verandering 'n sleutelrol kan speel. Die tyd is ryp vir Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies om deur te breek in internasionale markte. Hierdie verhandeling sal dus dien as 'n raamwerk om elemente te identifiseer wat krities kan wees vir toekomstige sukses asook die fondasie daarstel vir verdere navorsing in organisasie vorme.

D.Litt. et Phil. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Comm. (Labor Relations) / Jan Hiemstra of Barlow Rand, as quoted by Kate Jowell in 1989, had passed the following comment on the industrial council system in South Africa: "The Industrial Council system has survived the first post-Wiehahn decade. I don't think it will see out the second decade." The main purpose of this study was to explore the validity of the above comment and establish a future prognosis of the industrial council structure as a collective bargaining forum in South Africa's formal labour relations system. In the course of the study, which was primarily of a conceptual nature, other aspects of industrial councils were also addressed, such as their theoretical, legal and historical frameworks; with consideration of two operational examples; the presentation of views on contemporary issues affecting industrial councils; and recommendations for their future viability. The methodology adopted was that of the dissemination of literature on the subject, a self-completion survey questionnaire which was submitted to industrial councils and parties thereto, as well as certain authorities on the subject, supplemented by personal interviews. The respondents to the survey questionnaire concluded positively, with a few exceptions, that the industrial council system would survive the second post·Wiehahn decade, provided that individual industrial councils responded to the changing needs of society, and the industries and employer/employee populations that they serve. It was cautioned too that due to the relatively small sample obtained in the survey component of the study, the survey responses should be generalised with circumspection, although the results nonetheless brought forward important issues for consideration by industrial councils.

M.Ed. / The importance of teach1ng practice during the course of teacher education in order to further the career readiness of future teachers is generally acknowledged. Without such closely supervised experience the future teacher cannot be adequately prepared for the reality of teaching and such teacher education would therefore not be scientifically grounded in the reality of teaching. When current practices of student teaching practice are observed, certain questions as to its effectiveness must be raised. To ensure that the system functions effectively and succeeds in providing properly trained students for the profession, it is essential that ongoing research be undertaken to eliminate possible problems and to provide useful renewal. Teaching practice has the purpose of offering functional experience to the future teacher by exposing him to both the complexity and the reality of the on-the-job situation of the actual classroom and its school environment. Training institutions are seldom in an ideal position to bring students in direct contact with the reality of teaching or to undertake the extremely important aspect of imparting professionalism before the career is embarked upon. Should the school be referred to as a participant in the training of future teachers, it is with a vague reference to a group without specifying either the people or their tasks. This can result in responsibility for such training remaining nebulous. In the light of this', it is necessary to identify' specific individuals in the school situation, because during the teaching practice there is talk of some limited but clearly defined duties and responsibilities. Not only does the teacher who accepts a student for the teaching practice appear to be in the ideal position to provide direct guidance during the experience of the actual teaching situation, but he is also the logical person to provide continuous specific and individual help. Unfortunately the teacher is often unaware of the role he should assume during the teaching practice of the student. It may be that the nature of his involvement is underestimated or that the teachers find themselves ill- prepared because their function during teaching practice has been poorly defined. Seen against the background of these problems, the purpose of this study is to examine the role that teachers should assume during teaching practice, and to identify their specific functions as guide and co-trainer so that these may be clearly spelt out and effectively performed. In order to approach the formulated problem systematically, both local and overseas literature have been studied to reinforce the intersubjective validity of the study. In the light of information thus gleaned, three separate, structured questionnaires were designed to tentatively gauge the present teacher participation in teaching practice and to make recommendations. To ensure the validity and objectivity of the empirical investigation, lecturers involved in teaching practice, teachers who had previously accepted students for teaching practice and final-year student teachers were involved in this study. The empirical investigation, supported by the literature, reveals that teachers do not accept an apathetic attitude towards teaching practice but rather that their sometimes uninvolved attitude can be ascribed to the fact that they are unsure of the part they should play in order to fulfil the role of guide of the teacher-to-be during teaching practice. The link between training institutions and responsible. teachers should also be emphasized so that teachers may be made aware that their involvement in teaching practice is not just a transient responsibility, but rather the responsibility of a fellow-trainer. The investigation also indicates that the spectrum of experiences during teaching practice is so wide that it demands systematic procedures and carefully structured methods' so that the student-teacher may be introduced to the full reality of teaching in an orderly manner. Only thus can the potential value of student teaching practice be ensured.

This paper describes the soil remediation techniques that were employed at five bulk petroleum storage depots across southern Africa and the results of the remediation process. The different sites were remediated using up to date technologies, in as timeous a manner as possible. The remediation trains that were employed were specifically designed for the specific site, based on available technologies and products. The paper takes a case study approach and describes site by site the characteristics of the site, the areas of identified contamination to be remediated and the type of remediation train that was implemented. In most cases soil samples were taken before, during and after the remediation process in order to assess the success of the remediation plan. The sites were remediated through a commercial remediation company and thus a number of limiting factors were imposed, mostly due to budget and availability of technology constraints. However it is shown that in spite of these constraints, the effective remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated petroleum storage depots in southern Africa is possible. / Prof. J.T. Harmse

M.Sc. / The study site for this project is New Clydesdale Colliery situated in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa. The Witbank Coalfield is located within the northern part of the Karoo Basin where the major coal deposits in South Africa are located. Optimum ash fusion temperatures derived from coal in this region are approximately 1400°C, and higher, although temperatures above 1300°C are also acceptable. In certain coal seams the ash fusion temperatures drop well below this optimum temperature, leading at times to problems in the user industry. Ash fusion temperature which is the temperature at which the mineral matter in coal begins to soften, flow and fuse, is an important aspect relating to coal utilization but is little understood and under-studied in South Africa. The objective of this thesis is to attempt to determine what factors, mineralogical or inorganic chemical, influence variations in the ash fusion temperatures in certain coal samples. An understanding of this problem will have a bearing on the ultimate assessment of a coal for utilization purposes, in general, and ash deposition prediction in future boiler plants in particular. This study is somewhat pioneering as no detailed studies have been undertaken or published previously. Samples were collected at four sites from New Clydesdale Colliery. The sample sites were selected based on pre-existing knowledge of the ash fusion temperatures obtained from company analytical sheets. The sites were therefore representative of low and high ash fusion temperature coal. The first two sites were located in the opencast area where the No. 2 seam is actively being mined. The other two sites were located underground where mining has ceased. Conventional analyses conducted on the samples include proximate analyses, calorific values, percentage sulphur, and ash fusion temperatures. Further analyses performed included ash analyses (composition of ash), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and petrographic studies. It was found that although complex relationships exist between ash fusion temperature and the various geological and coal parameters, positive results were obtained. These indicate a possible relationship between low ash fusion temperatures and i) finer size fractions, ii) an increase in iron content present in the form of pyrite and iii) the form in which pyrite is present, namely cleats. High ash fusion temperatures tend to correlate with i) the absence of pyrite or ii) pyrite present as framboids.

D.Com. (Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Com. (Business Management) / Community engagement (CE) has been a concept which the has struggled with since it was first proposed. The purpose of this study was to explore how community engagement has been implemented in South African universities. A literature study, a data matrix analysis and interviews with the respondents who met the criteria of the study were used to collect and analyse the data. Primary data was gathered through personal in-depth interviews, and secondary data was gathered through university websites and is shown in a data matrix. The questions were aligned with the objectives set out in the study. The study examined, through a literature review, the themes underpinning the objectives of the research, namely the development of CE, CE policy, defining community, engagement, community engagement and implementation and monitoring. Each subject was investigated individually, after which the research literature was evaluated to determine how CE developed and what the basic definition of the concept entails. In the literature component a critical conceptual analysis of CE at universities reflects a lack of a structural and functional framework for the functioning of CE. The analysis of the data revealed that only a few universities have a CE policy; the majority of universities do, however, have a CE definition. The data also revealed that most universities have a CE office, but that this is not supported by an enabling university environment of clear monitoring and evaluation practices. Thus it can be concluded with limitations that CE is only effectively implemented in a few universities in South Africa, and that there is a need for a clear definition of the concept as well as the introduction of monitoring and evaluation tools.

LL.D. / The bill of lading in South African law is the theme of this study. In the first part of the thesis, the bill of lading in its traditional paper form is examined. The aim of the first part of the study is to reconcile the bill of lading that is based on English law with the principles of South African law, especially regarding concepts such as possession and ownership. A plea is made for the application of South African law to bills of lading rather than English law exclusively. Even though English law undoubtedly forms the basis of the law governing bills of lading, such law should be applied in a way that is consistent with the general principles of South African law. The functions of the bill of lading are considered in detail, particularly the bill of lading as a document of title. A submission is made of five characteristics of a document of title. The conclusion is that the bill of lading, though based on English law concepts, can be integrated into South African law without difficulty. The subsequent examination of the transfer of contractual rights and the imposition of liabilities will show that there is a dire need for new legislation in South Africa to replace an English Act of 1855. The current proposals for such legislation are, however, in need of extensive revision. The fact that the traditional bill of lading only arrives at the port of destination after the goods, leads to a multitude of problems. The carrier may only deliver the goods in exchange for a bill of lading. Letters of indemnity are therefore used to protect the carrier that delivers the goods without receiving a bill of lading. Such indemnities will be enforceable in South African law if the carrier has no reason to suspect that the receiver of the goods is not entitled to delivery. The consideration of the nature and functions of the traditional bill of lading, enables the study to progress to an examination of an electronic bill of lading. The use of an electronic bill of lading means that many problems facing the traditional bill of lading can be avoided. The continuing evolution of the bill of lading will be examined against the background of electronic commerce. Writing and signature requirements should not inhibit the development of an electronic bill of lading. The difficulty facing the dematerialisation of the bill of lading is providing for negotiability in an electronic environment, and ensuring that an electronic bill of lading is the equivalent of an original and unique paper bill of lading. It is possible to create an electronic bill of lading that performs all the functions of a traditional bill of lading, and there are examples of the use of such electronic bills of lading in practice. Delivery of the goods can take place by way of attomment rather than the usual symbolical delivery following the transfer of a paper bill of lading. It is submitted that there is currently no need for legislative intervention to provide for electronic bills of lading in South Africa.