This diploma thesis deals with specific language impairment as a risk factor of cochlear implantation. This diagnosis may fundamentally disrupt the development of speech after cochlear implantation. The main aim of this work was identification and comparison of used communication systems of persons with cochlear implant and diagnosed with developmental dysphasia. We focused on the morphological-syntactic level of language as a part of verbal level of communication. A qualitative survey was carried out at elementary schools for the hearing impaired. The research sample consisted of five pupils of these schools. Pupils were selected based on their use of the cochlear implant, diagnosed specific language impairment and other factors. Required data was obtained on the basis of observation and through the subtests of the Diagnostics of Language Development test battery. The investigation has revealed that despite cochlear implantation the preferred and more frequently used communication system is sign language. All pupils in the research group are able to communicate through spoken language, but they need to complement and support it by at least some individual elements of the sign language. Morphological- syntactic level of spoken speech was striking for all of the pupils in the research group. Pupils...

Title: Relation between occurrence of specific language impairment and motor skills in children Objectives: The aim of this thesis is detection of prevalence of risk factors for specific language impairment in children in the Czech Republic and evaluation of another possible difficulties these children may have, especially those which could be detected or influenced by physiotherapist. The emphasis was given on pre- and perinatal complications, early motor development complications and motor impairment. Methods: The anonymous questionnaires were used for the data collection. They were distributed to the speech therapists' offices in Prague and Jesenice by Prague and filled by parents of children with specific language impairment when they visited the office. Overall 145 questionnaires were included in the research. Results: Hypothesis n. 1 was confirmed - higher prevalence of complications during pregnancy than prevalence of assisted reproduction was found (considering the prenatal complications) and higher prevalence of complications during birth than prevalence of preterm birth or low birth weight was found (considering the perinatal complications) in children with specific language impairment in the Czech Republic. Hypothesis n. 2 was also confirmed - the prevalence of early motor development...

Eva Richterová - Early reading skills development in children with specific language impairment This study investigated the development of early reading skills in children with specific language impairment within a psycholinguistic framework. The investigation is based on theories concerning linguistic and cognitive skills which play a crucial role in the development of reading skills. This approach is utilized to identify groups which are at risk of difficulties in literacy acquisition as a result of language impairment. Theoretical background of reading development in children with SLI is presented, in addition to current knowledge about the relationship between language and reading skills. Studies on SLI highlight the need of longitudinal investigations, which enable better understanding of the relationship between literacy development and preliteracy skills. The aim of the study was to provide a systematic description of the reading skills development in children with SLI from first to fourth Grade. A group of 25 children with SLI was repeatedly investigated in terms of their reading skills (decoding and reading comprehension) and preliteracy skills. Assessment of language and cognitive skills was also carried out and involved phonological awareness, rapid authomatised naming, and letter...

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Chez les enfants souffrant de troubles spécifiques du langage oral (TSLO), des déficits demémoire à court terme verbale et d’acquisition lexicale sont fréquemment décrits. Ces capacités sont évaluées par des tâches de répétition et plus généralement de production verbale, mettant en jeu demultiples composants susceptibles d’être altérés dans les TSLO. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif généralde cette thèse était l’examen de mécanismes de mémorisation verbale à l’aide du paradigme dumonde visuel. L’oculométrie consiste à analyser les mouvements oculaires des participants sur desimages, à la suite de stimulations verbales. La reconnaissance et la mémorisation à court terme demots parlés familiers ont été examinées à travers quatre études, auxquelles les participants avec etsans TSLO âgés de 5 et 6 ans, ont obtenu des résultats comparables. Seules des différences enfonction de l’âge ont été révélées, reflétant les changements développementaux du traitement lexical.Dans un second temps, le paradigme d’appariement rapide pour l’acquisition de nouveaux mots(« fast mapping »), nécessitant peu de présentations, a été proposé à trois groupes d’enfants. Leurscapacités d’acquisition lexicale ont à nouveau été évaluées via le paradigme du monde visuel à unetâche de reconnaissance de mots parlés. Les groupes TSLO présentant des déficits en répétitionverbale, ont néanmoins reconnu et apparié les nouvelles étiquettes lexicales aux images référentes,comme leurs pairs au développement typique. Les études menées ont permis de mettre en évidenceque le maintien à court terme de l'information verbale ainsi que l’encodage de nouvelles informationssont efficients chez les enfants avec TSLO, lorsque la production verbale n’est pas sollicitée. / In children suffering from specific language impairment (SLI), verbal short term memory disorders and lexical learning inability are frequently described. These skills are assessed through repetition tasks and more generally, with verbal output modality which variety of components can be impaired in SLI. In this context, the general aim of this research work was the examination of verbal memorization processes through visual world paradigm. This eye-tracking tasks consist in analyzing eye movements of participants on pictures, consecutively to verbal stimulations. Recognition and short term retention of familiar spoken words were investigated through four studies, in which participants aged 5 and 6, with and without SLI, shown similar patterns of result. Only age differences were revealed, suggesting developmental changing of lexical processing. In a second phase, the fast mapping word learning paradigm requiring few occurences of new words, was proposed to three groups of children. Their lexical learning abilities were again assessed within the visual world paradigm and a spoken word recognition task. SLI groups with poor performances in verbal repetition tasks, have nevertheless associated the new lexical label with referent picture, as their peers with typical development. These studies suggest that verbal information retention in short term memory and encoding of new information are efficient in SLI children, when the tasks do not require any verbal output.

Bien que les troubles du langage formel affectent une grande partie des enfants avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA), leur nature reste encore incertaine. Certaines études postulent que le trouble observable chez ces enfants est de même nature que celui dont souffrent les enfants avec trouble spécifique du langage (TSL), tandis que d’autres argumentent en faveur de deux troubles qui diffèrent dans leur étiologie. Au centre de ce débat réside la complexité à recueillir des données sur le langage chez les enfants avec TSA, notamment quand il s’agit de participer de manière active. Dans cette étude, nous explorons l’interprétation en temps réel des indices grammaticaux chez des enfants avec TSA monolingues francophones, en nous intéressant aux pronoms clitiques objets, dont la faible production en contexte obligatoire a été proposée comme marqueur du TSL pour le français. / It is well-known that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have language impairment. However, the nature of this impairment is still largely unknown. Some studies hold that language impairment in children with ASD is of the same nature as impairment found in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), whereas others argue that SLI and language impairment in ASD may be different both in their structure and their etiology. At the heart of this debate lies the difficulty of assessing language abilities of children with ASD, especially when active participation is required. Moreover, to date, few studies have investigated formal aspects of language in children with ASD in languages other than English. In this study, we explore real-time interpretation of grammatical cues in French-speaking children with ASD, with a focus on object clitics.

<p>Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and children with specific language impairment (SLI) may be affected emotionally and psychosocially by their disorders. Thus, it is important to investigate the psychosocial risk factors that these children are exposed to. The aim of this study was to examine how parents assess the emotional and psychosocial well-being of children with CLP and children with SLI, and if the two parental groups differ in their assessments using the standardized instrument Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Participants in the study were the parents of ten children with unilateral and bilateral CLP between ages 6;7-9;0 (mean age 7;5) and the parents of 13 children between ages 6;4-8;8 (mean age 7;3) who are attending preschools and schools for children with SLI. These parents were asked to complete the questionnaires CBCL and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).</p><p> </p><p>The children with CLP had lower scores than the children with SLI in all domains of the CBCL, indicating that these children with CLP had better emotional and psychosocial well-being. The scores in the domains "withdrawn" and "delinquent behaviour" were significantly lower for the group of children with CLP who also had lower total mean scores of CBCL compared to the standardization group. The children with SLI had significantly higher mean scores for all domains compared to this group, indicating that these children with SLI were more emotionally and psychosocially affected than the other groups. Correlations between CBCL and CHQ were found for the children with CLP and the children with SLI.<strong> </strong></p> / <p>Barn med läpp-käk-gomspalt (LKG) och barn med språkstörning kan påverkas emotionellt och psykosocialt på grund av sina avvikelser. Det föreligger därför ett behov av att undersöka vilka aspekter som kan utgöra psykosociala riskfaktorer hos dessa grupper. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur föräldrar skattar emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande hos barn med LKG och barn med språkstörning samt om dessa föräldragruppers skattningar skiljer sig åt. Vidare var syftet att undersöka hur studiens skattningar är relaterat till skattningarna i standardiseringen av instrumentet Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Föräldrar till tio barn med unilateral och bilateral spalt mellan 6;7-9;0 år (medelålder 7;5) samt föräldrar till 13 barn på språkförskola eller språkskola mellan 6;4-8;8 år (medelålder 7;3) fick fylla i frågeformulären CBCL samt Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).</p><p> </p><p>Resultaten visade att gruppen barn med LKG hade lägre medelvärden än gruppen barn med språkstörning för samtliga domäner i CBCL, vilket indikerar att gruppen barn med LKG hade större emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande. Medelvärdena för domänerna ”tillbakadragenhet” och ”asocialt beteende” var signifikant lägre för gruppen barn med LKG som också hade lägre totalt medelvärde jämfört med aktuella normeringsvärden för CBCL. Medelvärdena för gruppen barn med språkstörning var högre än normeringsvärdena för samtliga domäner, vilket indikerar att gruppen barn med språkstörning hade sämre emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande än de andra grupperna. Slutligen visade korrelationsberäkningar ett signifikant samband mellan CBCL och CHQ för båda deltagargrupperna.</p>

Ce travail est consacré à lévaluation de lhypothèse selon laquelle une limitation des capacités de traitement est à lorigine des troubles langagiers et non langagiers des enfants dysphasiques (ou enfants avec troubles spécifiques du langage, TSL). Les enfants présentant ces troubles montrent des limitations importantes de leurs compétences langagières sans raison apparente (absence de troubles auditifs, intellectuels et affectifs ou de lésions neurologiques). Ces dernières années, la spécificité des troubles langagiers a été remise en cause par de nombreuses études révélant lexistence de difficultés non spécifiquement linguistiques chez les enfants avec TSL, tels que des troubles attentionnels, exécutifs et moteurs. Certains auteurs ont formulé l'hypothèse quune limitation des capacités de traitement est à lorigine des troubles langagiers et non langagiers des enfants avec TSL. Selon cette hypothèse, les troubles langagiers observés chez ces enfants ne sont pas dus à un déficit des représentations linguistiques, mais reflètent une performance limitée par des difficultés à mobiliser lensemble des ressources, linguistiques et/ou non linguistiques, nécessaires à la réalisation de la tâche. Les recherches réalisées ont permis dévaluer si une telle hypothèse permet dexpliquer les performances observées dans deux épreuves linguistiques considérées par plusieurs auteurs comme des marqueurs comportementaux des TSL, les traitements morphosyntaxiques et la répétition de non-mots, en manipulant les processus recrutés ou la quantité de ressources nécessaires lors de la réalisation de la tâche. Nous avons également manipulé la complexité dans une épreuve non linguistique afin détudier si les limitations des capacités de traitement peuvent être considérées comme générales ou si elles savèrent limitées aux traitements linguistiques. Globalement, nos résultats ne sont pas compatibles avec lhypothèse dune limitation des capacités de traitement à lorigine des troubles linguistiques des enfants avec TSL. Ces enfants ne présentent pas de limitation importante de leurs capacités de traitements qui permette dexpliquer leurs troubles langagiers.

Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and children with specific language impairment (SLI) may be affected emotionally and psychosocially by their disorders. Thus, it is important to investigate the psychosocial risk factors that these children are exposed to. The aim of this study was to examine how parents assess the emotional and psychosocial well-being of children with CLP and children with SLI, and if the two parental groups differ in their assessments using the standardized instrument Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Participants in the study were the parents of ten children with unilateral and bilateral CLP between ages 6;7-9;0 (mean age 7;5) and the parents of 13 children between ages 6;4-8;8 (mean age 7;3) who are attending preschools and schools for children with SLI. These parents were asked to complete the questionnaires CBCL and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).   The children with CLP had lower scores than the children with SLI in all domains of the CBCL, indicating that these children with CLP had better emotional and psychosocial well-being. The scores in the domains "withdrawn" and "delinquent behaviour" were significantly lower for the group of children with CLP who also had lower total mean scores of CBCL compared to the standardization group. The children with SLI had significantly higher mean scores for all domains compared to this group, indicating that these children with SLI were more emotionally and psychosocially affected than the other groups. Correlations between CBCL and CHQ were found for the children with CLP and the children with SLI. / Barn med läpp-käk-gomspalt (LKG) och barn med språkstörning kan påverkas emotionellt och psykosocialt på grund av sina avvikelser. Det föreligger därför ett behov av att undersöka vilka aspekter som kan utgöra psykosociala riskfaktorer hos dessa grupper. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur föräldrar skattar emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande hos barn med LKG och barn med språkstörning samt om dessa föräldragruppers skattningar skiljer sig åt. Vidare var syftet att undersöka hur studiens skattningar är relaterat till skattningarna i standardiseringen av instrumentet Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Föräldrar till tio barn med unilateral och bilateral spalt mellan 6;7-9;0 år (medelålder 7;5) samt föräldrar till 13 barn på språkförskola eller språkskola mellan 6;4-8;8 år (medelålder 7;3) fick fylla i frågeformulären CBCL samt Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).   Resultaten visade att gruppen barn med LKG hade lägre medelvärden än gruppen barn med språkstörning för samtliga domäner i CBCL, vilket indikerar att gruppen barn med LKG hade större emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande. Medelvärdena för domänerna ”tillbakadragenhet” och ”asocialt beteende” var signifikant lägre för gruppen barn med LKG som också hade lägre totalt medelvärde jämfört med aktuella normeringsvärden för CBCL. Medelvärdena för gruppen barn med språkstörning var högre än normeringsvärdena för samtliga domäner, vilket indikerar att gruppen barn med språkstörning hade sämre emotionellt och psykosocialt välbefinnande än de andra grupperna. Slutligen visade korrelationsberäkningar ett signifikant samband mellan CBCL och CHQ för båda deltagargrupperna.

Samtalsanalys har tidigare använts som ett komplement till traditionellt använda standardiserade tester för att undersöka mer funktionella aspekter av kommunikation (Wells &amp; Local, 1992; Yont, Hewitt &amp; Miccio, 2002; Samuelsson 2009). Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utifrån sytematiska analyser av vardagliga samtal och logopedisk intervention utforska relationen mellan kommunikativa behov i vardagen och mål med intervention för barn med språkstörning. Tre barn med språkstörning filmades i vardagliga samtal hemma och på förskolan samt vid ett behandlingsbesök hos logopeden. Materialet transkriberades och analyserades enligt samtalsanalytiska principer. Intervjuer och retrospektioner genomfördes med föräldrar, förskolepersonal samt behandlande logoped för att ytterligare belysa barnens kommunikativa situation. I föreliggande studie framkommer att de kommunikativa behov barnen har relaterar till de mål som sätts upp i logopedisk behandling. På grund av deras fonologiska svårigheter påverkas barnens kommunikation då det ofta uppstår problemkällor, deras yttranden ignoreras och deras talutrymme inskränks. Reparationsstrategier används av både vuxna och barn för att reda ut de situationer där missförstånd uppstår. Dessa strategier kan, med hjälp av retrospektioner, uppmärksammas och diskuteras i logopedisk intervention i syfte att undvika framtida situationer där barnens svårförståeliga yttranden inte reds ut. / Conversation analysis has been used as a complement to traditional standardized testing to evaluate the functional aspect of communication (Wells &amp; Local, 1992; Yont, Hewitt &amp; Miccio, 2002; Samuelsson 2009). The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship between everyday communicative needs and objectives set in speech and language intervention through systematic analysis of everyday conversations and speech and language intervention. Three children with language impairment were video recorded during everyday interaction at home, at the preschool and during one speech and language therapy session. The material was transcribed and analyzed according to principles of conversation analysis. Interviews and retrospections were conducted with parents, preschool teachers and the treating speech and language pathologists in order to further illustrate the participating children’s communicational situation. The results in the present study show that the communicational needs does relate to the objectives set up in speech and language intervention for the children in the current study. The children’s communication is primarily afflicted by their phonological difficulties in the way that it fuels for sources of communicational breakdowns, the children’s utterances become ignored and it restrains their participation in conversation. Repair strategies are used by both adults and children to solve sequences where mutual understanding is not achieved. These strategies may, through retrospections, be identified and discussed in speech and language intervention in order to avoid future situations where unintelligible utterances are not solved.