Thesis advisor: William E. Stanwood / This analysis examined the depiction of stereotyped gender roles on the reality television shows The Bachelor and The Bachelorette to determine if gender stereotypes are reinforced within these shows. This study found a lack of stereotype reinforcement in that non-stereotypical behavior patterns were most prevalent among both males and females in the "contestant" role. However, stereotype reinforcement was confirmed in that women were more likely to be younger and thinner than men, gender-stereotypical behaviors were more prevalent than not among individuals in the bachelor/ette role, and a female positioned in the more traditionally "male" role of the bachelorette still remained more stereotypically "feminine". Also notable was the reinforcement of patriarchic heterosexuality by a male-initiated marriage proposal in the so-called "feminist" The Bachelorette. Overall, gender stereotypes were portrayed as normal and desirable, and female stereotypes continued to persist over male. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Communication. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Thesis advisor: Anderson J. Franklin / Previous research on intergroup relations between racial groups primarily focused on relations between Whites and various ethnic minority groups, studies on relations between ethnic minorities have been neglected and underexamined (Bikmen, 2011). Allport’s (1954) intergroup contact theory suggested that when the groups in contact are perceived to have similar status, contact could lead to reduced prejudice and improved intergroup relations. Asian Americans and African Americans occupy different status positions on the U.S. racial hierarchy. Although their relative status positions are important factors to consider in understanding their evaluations and interactions with each other, the influence of racial psychological factors are also important to consider because they may influence how status is perceived. Thus, the current study investigated how racial socialization, racial identity, and racial stereotypes influence contact between Asian Americans and African Americans. U.S.-born Asian American (N = 190) and African American (N = 304) adults completed an online survey containing a demographic information sheet, the Racial Socialization Influences Scale (Harrell, 1997), the People of Color Racial Identity Attitudes Scale (Helms, 1995), the Negative Attitude Toward Asians Scale (Ho & Jackson, 2001), the Anti-Black Scale (Katz & Hass, 1988), the Intergroup Contact Measure (Stathi & Crisp, 2010), and the Behavioral Intentions Scale (Esses & Dovidio, 2002). Results from multivariate multiple regression analyses suggested that racial socialization, particularly exposure to racially diverse environments, was positively related to the frequency and quality of contact, as well as willingness to engage in future contact for both Asian Americans and African Americans; whereas race-related discussions was associated with African Americans’ endorsement of Asian stereotypes. In addition, the study showed that racial identity schemas partially mediated the relationship between racial socialization and intergroup contact, and the relationship between racial socialization and racial stereotypes. Finally, findings revealed that African Americans reported more willingness to engage in future contact with Asian Americans than Asian Americans reported with African Americans. Discussions included methodological limitations, and implications for research and practice. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Forskning har visat att andra generationens invandrare kan uppleva identitetsförvirring som följd av oklar etnisk tillhörighet. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur unga vuxna män med invandrarbakgrund (Mellanöstern) uppfattade att leva med sin egen dubbelidentitet/två kulturer och om männen upplevde fördomar baserat på deras utseende. Åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultatet utmynnade i fyra teman; kluvenhet, kulturkrock, berikande med två kulturer och utseendets påverkan. Studiens resultat visar att andra generationens invandrare upplever att de står utanför två kulturer vilket påverkar deras utformning av identitet. Utseendet var en väsentlig faktor för hur andra generationens invandrare betraktas i Sverige och påverkar således deras upplevelse av att inte fullt ut känna sig som svenskar. Skillnader i mentalitet med etniska svenskar (och med föräldrarnas kultur) var ytterligare en anledning till att inte känna tillhörighet. Att ha två kulturer beskrivs dock också som en tillgång för ökad förståelse och utvidgade perspektiv av olika människor samt tankesätt. Studien belyser behovet av ytterligare forskning inom ämnet andra generationens invandrare och faktorer som inverkar på identitetsskapande. / Research has shown that second generation immigrants can experience identity-confusion as a result of an unclear ethnic identity. The purpose of the following study was to explore how adult males with Middle Eastern backgrounds perceive their own identity as a result of being part of two cultures and if these males experience any kind of prejudice due to their ethnic appearance in Sweden. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The interviews resulted in four themes: split identity, cultural clashes, being enriched with two cultures and the impact of appearance. The result of the study shows that second generation immigrants in Sweden experience feeling excluded from both cultures which affects their sense of identity. Having an ethnic appearance was an essential factor for how second generation immigrants experience being viewed differently in Sweden and thus affects their feelings of not being fully Swedish. Differences in mentality with ethnic Swedes (and with the parent’s culture) was a further reason to feel a sense of not belonging. However, being a part of two cultures was also described as an access to better understanding different cultures and expanded worldviews and perspectives. This study highlights the need for further research within the subject of second generation immigrants and factors that influences identity creation.

A bio-inspired robotic underwater vessel was developed to test the effect of fin morphology on the propulsive performance of caudal fin. The robotic vessel, called The Bullet Fish, features a cylindrical body with a hemisphere at the forward section and a conical body at the stern. The vessel uses an oscillating caudal fin for thrust generation. The robotic vessel was tested in a recirculating flume for seven different caudal fins that range different bio-inspired forms and aspect ratios. The experiments were performed at four different flow velocities and two flapping frequencies: 0.5 and 1.0 Hz. We found that for 1 Hz flapping frequency that in general as the aspect-ratio decreases both thrust production tends and power decrease resulting in a better propulsive efficiency for aspect ratios between 0.9 and 1.0. A less uniform trend was found for 0.5 Hz, where our data suggest multiple efficiency peaks. Additional experiments on the robotic model could help understand the propulsion aquatic locomotion and help the design of bio-inspired underwater vehicles. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo aos profissionais da área de têxtil, moda e comunicação utilizado para entender como se dá a relação entre mídia, formação do sujeito social e consumidor, assim como os fatores principais para que o crescimento dos lucros seja otimizado.Desta forma, foi realizada uma abordagem a partir de análise bibliográfica, seleção e estudo aprofundado do conteúdo escrito e imagético da revista Vogue Kids, assim como aplicações de questionários às leitoras da revista / This project consists in a dissertation to professionals in textile, fashion and communication used to understand how is the relationship among media, formation of the social and consumer, as well as the main factors for the growth of profits be optimized. So, was made an approach from literature review, selection and in-depth study of the written content and imagery of Vogue Kids, as well as application of questionnaires to readers of the magazine

O efeito de sentido contraintuitivo do discurso publicitário pretende estimular um processo de deslocamento cognitivo dos conteúdos que moldam os estereótipos tradicionais, na memória do indivíduo, ao apresentar em suas narrativas \"outras/novas\" conexões simbólicas de realidades socioculturais vivenciadas por integrantes de grupos minoritários. Assim, durante o processamento da mensagem publicitária, campos de associação podem ser ativados na memória e, dependendo do contexto no qual esta comunicação é recebida, pode ser codificada/percebida, entre outras possibilidades, de forma negativa ou positiva. Diversos estudos e experimentos estão sendo realizados mundialmente, inclusive com peças comunicacionais, para tentar mensurar a eficiência de ações que abordem em suas estratégias questões que auxiliem na desconstrução (eliminação ou supressão) dos estereótipos sociais negativos, mediante estímulos que ativem o controle mental das respostas estereotípicas do indivíduo. Porém, neste processo alguns resultados identificados pelos pesquisadores apontam efeitos irônicos, indesejados; dentre esses se destaca o efeito irônico de ricochete. Sob essa dinâmica, indica-se que os objetivos gerais deste trabalho buscam conceituar e inserir os estudos sobre propaganda contraintuitiva nos debates teóricos da comunicação publicitária; e alimentar teoricamente a área de comunicação sobre os estudos contemporâneos dos estereótipos e, dentro do desenvolvimento desse campo, colaborar para o entendimento do papel responsável do uso dos estereótipos na propaganda. O proceder metodológico atendeu um levantamento bibliográfico que suporta a coordenação de reflexão e fundamentos sobre a temática dos efeitos de comunicação, estereótipos e publicidade. Um experimento laboratorial foi aplicado num esforço de apresentar, observar e verificar alguns indicativos dos efeitos da publicidade contraintuitiva em crenças e estereótipos. / The effect of the counterintuitive sense of advertising discourse aims to prompt a process of cognitive shift of the contents that form the traditional stereotypes, in an individual\'s memory, when it introduces \"other/new\" symbolic connections for sociocultural realities experienced by members of minority groups. Therefore, during the process of the advertising message, association fields may be activated in the memory and, depending on the context in which this communication is viewed, it can be negatively or positively decoded/perceived, among other possibilities. A number of studies and experiments are being carried out globally, using different forms of communication, to observe and measure the efficiency of strategic actions that aid in the deconstruction (elimination or suppression) of the negative social stereotypes, through stimuli that activate the mental control of individual\'s stereotyped answers. However, in this process, some results have been identified by the researchers as ironic and undesired effects, among these, a rebound ironic effect is evident. Therefore, the general objectives of this work are to conceptualize and insert the studies on counterintuitive advertising in the theoretical debates of advertising effects; and theoretically includes the communication area on the contemporary studies of the stereotypes and, within the advancement of this field, collaborate to understand the responsible role of using stereotypes in advertising. The methodological procedure includes a bibliographical appraise that supports the discussion about the reflection and fundamentals on the effects of communication, stereotypes and advertising. A laboratory experiment was carried out in the attempt to present, observe and verify some indicatives of the counterintuitive effects on beliefs and stereotypes.

Purpose: The main purpose of this thesis is to identify and analyse what influence fashion companies in their design and communication of children clothes according to traditional gender roles. The purpose is also to identify if there is a conflict between political correctness and profitability in reference to gender and children’s clothes. The aim was also to find how customers of children’s clothes can influence the fashion companies with their behaviour.Method: The empirical research and data collection was done from both a qualitative and quantitative approach. In depth interviews were done with Lindex, KappAhl and Polarn o. Pyret on the Swedish market, together with observations of the fashion stores assortments and their advertising of children’s clothes and finally a consumer survey was conducted on Facebook. Conclusion: Multiple factors were concluded influences on the fashion companies design and communication of gender specific clothing for children. The interpretation on the meaning of gender specific clothing was found to be an important factor as well as the lack or presence of an official standpoint. Political correctness was found harder to achieve in larger companies leading to the conclusion that profitability and political correctness is only achievable up to a certain size. Consumers were found to influence the fashion companies by sharing attitudes on social media and with friends and acquaintances, among other things. The importance of direct experience and personal interest in forming attitudes was confirmed. Mothers with children under the age of 6 were the consumer group with the strongest attitudes. / Program: Magisterutbildning i Fashion Management

O bem-estar animal tem sido foco de discussões referindo-se ao modo como os animais são tratados dentro dos confinamentos. A prática do desgaste dos dentes é realizada no segundo dia de nascimento dos lactentes, buscando reduzir lesões cutâneas nos leitões e no aparelho mamário das matrizes. O incorreto desgaste pode propiciar lesões e enfermidades que deprimem a imunidade e o desenvolvimento do leitão. Questiona-se, no entanto, a possibilidade de manter os dentes íntegros, uma vez que o corte e ou desgaste dos dentes podem aumentar a mortalidade na maternidade, reduzindo a habilidade do leitão em competir pelos tetos e consequentemente ganhar peso. A avaliação da estabilidade das instalações diante da qualidade de vida dos animais confinados tem recebido atenção notória nos últimos anos, surgindo à necessidade de analise do comportamento dos suínos diante dos procedimentos realizados nos primeiros dias de nascimento visando compreender e implantar aqueles que induzam ao menor sofrimento aos suínos contemplando simultaneamente o desempenho e bem-estar animal. Neste estudo foram avaliadas a presença e ausência de lesões nas faces dos leitões e nos tetos das matrizes a partir dos tratamentos de desgaste ou integridade dos dentes dos lactentes na fase de maternidade e a influencia destes tratamentos no comportamento, desempenho zootécnico e bem-estar de leitões e matrizes suínas durante as fases de maternidade, creche e pós-creche. Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com medidas repetidas no tempo. Utilizou-se o modelo misto com o efeito fixo de tratamento, data, período e suas interações; e o efeito aleatório de lote utilizando o procedimento MIXED do SAS (2008). Foi utilizado o teste de χ2 para avaliar o efeito de tratamento sobre a prevalência de leitões com lesões, escore médio de lesão por leitegada e essa variável foi analisada por meio da análise de medidas repetidas, usando também o PROC MIXED do Statistical Análises Sytem©. Para os tratamentos empregados observou-se a apresentação de comportamentos típicos de animais confinados, no entanto, foram observadas importantes comportamentos relacionados a atividade mais intensa dos animais no momento da disputa pelos tetos nos primeiros dias de nascimento. Em relação ao desempenho notou-se a ausência de efeitos significativos no desempenho de matrizes suínas e leitegadas nos três locais avaliados, quando foi analisado o peso de entrada e saída setor de maternidade, de acordo com os tratamentos empregados. Para o desempenho na fase de creche, os tratamentos não demonstraram diferenças, entretanto, o efeito do local determinou diferenças significativas. Estes resultados sugerem que o procedimento de retirada dos dentes pode ser considerado desnecessário. Novos estudos realizados nesta área são necessários buscando elucidar a necessidade do procedimento de desgaste e prováveis efeitos subsequentes dentro das diferentes fases da criação. / The animal welfare has been focus of discussions referring to the way animals are treated within the confinements. The practice of wear on the teeth is performed on the second day of birth of the piglets, seeking to reduce skin lesions in piglets and breast apparatus of sows. Incorrect wear can provide injuries and diseases that depress immunity and the development of the piglet. Is discussed, however, the possibility of maintaining the integrity teeth once or cutting, and wear of teeth can increase mortality in maternity, reducing the pig's ability to compete for teats and consequently weight gain. Currently, it has been evaluated the stability of the installations on the quality of life of feedlot animals. Thus appear the need to analyze the behavior of the pigs on the procedures performed in the early days of birth in order to understand and implement those that lead to less suffering to pigs simultaneously considering performance and welfare. We evaluated the presence and absence of injuries on the faces of piglets and teats of sows from wear treatments or the integrity of the teeth of infants in the maternity phase and the influence of these treatments on behavior, animal performance and welfare piglets and sows during maternity phases, nursery and post nursery. Experimental design was conducted completely randomized with repeated measurements over time. We used the mixed model with fixed effect of treatment, date, time and their interactions; and the group of random effect using the MIXED procedure of SAS (2008). The χ2 test was used to assess the treatment effect on the prevalence of pigs with lesions, the mean score per litter injury and this variable was analyzed using repeated measures analysis using SAS PROC MIXED. For applied treatments was observed that the presentation of typical behavior of feedlot animals, however, were observed important behaviors related to more intense activity of animals at the time of competition for teats in the early days of birth. Regarding the performance was observed the absence of significant effects on the performance of sows and piglets at the three sites assessed, when we analyzed the input weight and output maternity phase, according to the treatments applied. For the performance in the nursery phase the treatments showed no differences, however, the effect of the local determined significant differences. These results suggest that the teeth of the withdrawal procedure can be considered unnecessary. New researches in this area are needed to elucidate the need to wear procedure and probable subsequent effect within the different phases of creation.

Estereótipos sobre as mulheres estão presentes em abundância no cotidiano da sociedade e do Judiciário. Mulheres retratadas como mentirosas, vingativas e loucas têm seus depoimentos valorizados apenas se corresponderem ao ideal de mulher honesta e se parecerem ter sido vítimas; caso contrário, com frequência - e bastante rapidez -, podem passar de vítimas a culpadas. Esses e outros estereótipos comumente associados às mulheres, como veremos, são utilizados como atalhos cognitivos no processo de tomada de decisão e atuam no sentido de tolher o acesso das mulheres à justiça, além de serem formas de violência institucional, praticadas pelo Estado e seus agentes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar quais são os principais estereótipos que dificultam o acesso das mulheres à justiça em casos de estupro. Para tanto, analisaremos sentenças de 1º grau do Tribunal de Justiça do estado de São Paulo, do ano de 2016. Esperamos que a identificação desses estereótipos auxilie a formulação de políticas públicas que visem mitigar esses estereótipos e seus efeitos e, assim, garantir a efetividade do acesso das mulheres à justiça. / Stereotypes about women are frequent in the daily lives of society and the judiciary. Women portrayed as lying, vindictive and insane have their testimonies valued only if they correspond to the ideal of an honest woman and if they seem to have been victims; otherwise, often - and quite quickly - they can pass from victims to guilty. These and other stereotypes commonly associated with women, as we will see, are used as cognitive shortcuts in the decision-making process and act to limit women\'s access to justice, as well as being forms of institutional violence practiced by the state and its agents. In this sense, the objective of this work is to identify which are the main stereotypes that hinder women\'s access to justice in cases of rape. To do so, we will analyze first degree judgments of the Tribunal de Justiça do estado de São Paulo of the year 2016. We hope that the identification of these stereotypes will help to formulate public policies that aim to mitigate these stereotypes and their effects and thus ensure the effectiveness of women\'s access to justice.

The rise of black and minority ethnic (BME) populations in the UK and US in recent years has led to the introduction of cultural diversity communication strategies within the advertising industry. These strategies draw on beliefs, and cultural and religious values to specifically target BME audiences. This thesis examines the processes involved in creating these strategies, by analysing the discourse and working practices of advertising practitioners. By drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations in eight advertising agencies in the UK and US, it compares the differences in producing cultural diversity communication strategies between a) the general market agencies targeting mass audiences, and b) the emerging cultural diversity agencies only targeting BME audiences. I argue that the creation of these strategies is subject to powerful constraints and institutional racism, limiting market opportunities for advertising. The thesis starts by bringing together Bourdieu's theories of habitus and field theory (1977; 1984; 1993) with contemporary studies of the relationship between 'race' and media practices. This union sets the foundation for my adaption of field theory to analyse contemporary advertising practices and to examine how discourse, working practices and 'professional advertising organisations' reinforce racist ideologies and audience exclusion. In the second part of the thesis, this theoretical framework is applied to the fieldwork. Firstly, my analysis evidences the manifestation of racism across the field and how racial stereotypes are developed. Secondly, these attitudes shape the exclusionary practices that affect how CD communication strategies are executed, particularly in the UK. Lastly, I examine two 'diversity' events run by 'professional advertising organisations', analysing how they set 'good practice' standards and the power they have in shaping working practices across the industry. Ultimately, this thesis goes beyond existing studies on racial representations, and investigates the relationship between racism and intentionality amongst the industry's powerful constraints.