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Cooperation among humanitarian organizations has attracted increasing attention to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of relief supply chains. Our research focuses on horizontal cooperation in inventory management which is currently implemented in the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) network. The present work follows a two-step research approach, which involves collection of empirical data and quantitative modeling to examine and overcome the coordination challenges of the network. Our interviews with members of the network identified several managerial issues for sustainable cooperative inventory management that the UNHRD network pursues. Using a newsvendor model in the context of non-cooperative game theory, our research has explored member humanitarian organizations' incentive of joining the network, a coordination mechanism which achieves system optimality, and impacts of members' decisions about stock rationing. Our results indicate that behaviors of member HOs do not necessarily align with the UNHRD's expectation. Our results suggest that for system optimality, a system coordinator should carefully assess the circumstances, including demand coefficient and stock rationing. Our research also proposes a policy priority for the first-best system optimal inventory management.

A obsolescência de estoques é um evento recorrente nas organizações, demandando o uso de métodos que identifiquem o inventário excessivo antes dele tornar-se obsoleto. Este artigo propõe um método para classificação, projeção e controle da obsolescência de inventários ao longo do tempo, com o objetivo de reduzir o risco de obsolescência ou deterioração futura. A abordagem proposta possui cinco passos, sendo os quatro primeiros dedicados a identificação dos fatores que contribuem para a obsolescência e/ou deterioração do Inventário, a classificação do estoque em categorias e faixas de idade através da análise discriminante, a seleção de variáveis em contexto de PLS, a modelagem de regressão para projeção da idade do inventário ao longo do tempo e a definição de diretrizes para redução do risco de obsolescência. O quinto passo do método utiliza o conceito do ciclo PDCA buscando a melhoria contínua do processo e dos resultados. Na aplicação em dois estudos de caso em indústrias de bens de consumo, o método previu adequadamente o montante do inventário por faixa de idade e o risco de obsolescência ou deterioração do inventário em um horizonte de seis meses. / Inventory obsolescence is a prominent phenomenon in organizations, requiring the use of methods that identify excessive inventory before it becomes obsolete. This paper proposes a method to classify, forecast and control the obsolescence of inventories over time in order to reduce the risk of future obsolescence or deterioration. The proposed approach has five steps, the first four of which are dedicated to identifying the factors that contribute to the obsolescence and/or deterioration of the Inventory, the classification of the inventory into categories and age ranges through discriminant analysis, the selection of variables in the context of PLS, regression modeling to forecast the age of inventory over time and the definition of guidelines for reducing the risk of obsolescence. The fifth step of the method uses the concept of the PDCA cycle seeking for the continuous improvement of process and results. In the application in two case studies in consumer goods industries, the method predicted the amount of inventory by age range and the risk of obsolescence or deterioration of the inventory over a six-month horizon.

A obsolescência de estoques é um evento recorrente nas organizações, demandando o uso de métodos que identifiquem o inventário excessivo antes dele tornar-se obsoleto. Este artigo propõe um método para classificação, projeção e controle da obsolescência de inventários ao longo do tempo, com o objetivo de reduzir o risco de obsolescência ou deterioração futura. A abordagem proposta possui cinco passos, sendo os quatro primeiros dedicados a identificação dos fatores que contribuem para a obsolescência e/ou deterioração do Inventário, a classificação do estoque em categorias e faixas de idade através da análise discriminante, a seleção de variáveis em contexto de PLS, a modelagem de regressão para projeção da idade do inventário ao longo do tempo e a definição de diretrizes para redução do risco de obsolescência. O quinto passo do método utiliza o conceito do ciclo PDCA buscando a melhoria contínua do processo e dos resultados. Na aplicação em dois estudos de caso em indústrias de bens de consumo, o método previu adequadamente o montante do inventário por faixa de idade e o risco de obsolescência ou deterioração do inventário em um horizonte de seis meses. / Inventory obsolescence is a prominent phenomenon in organizations, requiring the use of methods that identify excessive inventory before it becomes obsolete. This paper proposes a method to classify, forecast and control the obsolescence of inventories over time in order to reduce the risk of future obsolescence or deterioration. The proposed approach has five steps, the first four of which are dedicated to identifying the factors that contribute to the obsolescence and/or deterioration of the Inventory, the classification of the inventory into categories and age ranges through discriminant analysis, the selection of variables in the context of PLS, regression modeling to forecast the age of inventory over time and the definition of guidelines for reducing the risk of obsolescence. The fifth step of the method uses the concept of the PDCA cycle seeking for the continuous improvement of process and results. In the application in two case studies in consumer goods industries, the method predicted the amount of inventory by age range and the risk of obsolescence or deterioration of the inventory over a six-month horizon.

This thesis is focused on requirements analysis of a sawmill company for a new timber stock evidence system and based on the analysis describes the process of development of the system. The process covers architecture and structure design as well as data storage solution. Apart from the development stage itself, it also covers the implementation of the system in the company’s environment and economic evaluation of the process. The system is being developed using the Javascript programming language and uses modern technologies such as React, Node.js and MongoDB.

The content of this thesis is the application of selected statistical methods that will be used for inventory management selected companies. The practical part deals with the analysis and description of the application that will evaluate how the policy is guided by the supply company.

This work has been devoted to tailoring of inventory management model for a selected material group within company Tyco Electronics Czech, s.r.o. It focuses on free area of purchasing, i.e. planning of purchases, material procurement and inventory management. This work analyses most painful problems and suggests walls how to overcome those problems. The main contribution of the work lies in material cost reduction and consequent volume reduction of capitalized inventories. Production down times based on the lack of packaging materials should be also reduced.

Something that is often used in both industry and trade is inventory. In this work, a study has been conducted as to whether the industrial method The Visual Workplace can be adapted for use in retail trade industry. This might be extra interesting for businesses that conduct online commerce or trade behind the counter as these types of companies are most similar to the example in this work. The company that represents the trade industry in this work is Kronans apotek AB. This pharmacy is currently experiencing deficiencies in their inventory management, which results in lack of quality assurance. Consequences of this are that the staff cannot know for sure if the product sought is found in the notified storage area which impairs efficiency and productivity. The Visual Workplace aims to visualize work standards and routines. In this way, activities that do not add any value are eliminated while at the same time problems and deviations are immediately visible. This study will explore how this industrial method can be adapted to Kronan's pharmacy. / Något som ofta används inom både industri och handel är lager. I detta arbete har en undersökning gjorts som om huruvida den industriella metoden Den visuella arbetsplatsen kan anpassas för användning inom handeln. Extra intressant kan detta vara för verksamheter som bedriver näthandel eller handel bakom disk då dessa typer av bolag mest liknar exemplet i detta arbete. Företaget som representerar handeln i detta arbete är Kronans apotek AB. Detta apotek upplever idag brister inom deras lagerhantering som resulterar i bristande kvalitetssäkring. Konsekvenser av detta är att personalen inte med säkerhet kan veta om eftersökt vara återfinns på aviserad lagerplats vilket försämrar effektivitet och produktivitet. Den visuella arbetsplatsen syftar till att visualisera arbetsstandarder och rutiner. På så sätt elimineras aktiviteter som inte tillför något värde samtidigt som att problem och avvikelser direkt blir synliga. Genom arbetets gång undersöks hur denna industriella metod kan anpassas till att bli applicerbar till Kronans apotek.

[pt] A utilização do modelo para ressuprimento automático de estoque pelo fornecedor (Vendor Management Inventory) é um dos fatores importantes para as empresas promoverem um equilíbrio entre o nível de serviço acordado com o cliente e o custo logístico inerente à operação de gestão de estoques. Devido à importância do tema, e com a oportunidade da autora participar da implementação do programa VMI em uma empresa no ramo de distribuição de combustíveis para gestão de estoques de postos de combustíveis, o objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar o quão efetivo é a metodologia VMI desenvolvida e adotada na melhoria dos indicadores de desempenho. Para tal, foram feitas análises de seis indicadores para cinco clientes envolvidos nesta operação e, realizada a comparação entre os programas VMI em duas empresas distintas, buscando avaliar os fatores críticos, as melhores práticas e vantagens competitivas. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração desta dissertação contempla pesquisas bibliográficas, dados de fontes primárias extraídos de sistemas de informação da empresa, entrevistas com funcionários envolvidos neste processo, e visitas in loco para observação direta. Os resultados desta dissertação foram a análise da efetividade do programa VMI para a melhoria dos indicadores de desempenho, os motivos que contribuíram para estes resultados e a proposta de melhoria do programa VMI baseada na comparação da aplicação do programa em empresas no mesmo segmento. / [en] The use of an efficient model for inventory replenishment by the supplier, VMI (Vendor Management Inventory) is one of the most important factors for companies to promote a balanced trade-off between the service level offered to the customer and the logistics costs inherent in the operation of inventory management. Due to the importance of this subject, and the opportunity of the author to take part in the implementation of the VMI program in a company of the fuel distribution sector for inventory management of gas stations, the objective of this master’s thesis is to evaluate how effective the VMI methodology is to improve performance indicators. To this end, the six indicators for five customers involved in this operation were analyzed and a comparison made among the VMI programs between two different companies, to evaluate the critical success factors, best practices and competitive advantages. The methodology used to prepare this dissertation includes bibliographic research, extracted data from primary sources of information system of the company, interviews with employees involved in this process, as well as in situ visits for direct observation. The results of this thesis were to analysis the effectiveness of the VMI program for the improvement of the performance indicators, the reasons that contributed to these results and the proposal of improvement actions for the VMI program based on the comparison of the program in two different companies of the same segment.