CHDS State/Local / The author of this thesis asserts that the unique nature of the modern threat environment removes all justifiable options for the providers and users of threat information to operate at arm's length from one another. If the two communities are not integrated to the point that collaboration can proceed unhindered, the flow of information between them will likely be sluggish, unidirectional and largely irrelevant. Collaboration involves more than just the flow of new information, however. It requires the exchanging of ideas, the challenging of assumptions and biases, and leads to the formation of a networked environment that is needed to defeat our networked adversaries. An organization that fails to accomplish this level of integration and collaboration runs the risk of finding itself preparing for yesterday's attack, and failing to prevent, prepare for or adequately respond to tomorrow's threat. The 9/11 Commission's synthesized protocol for scenario development and intelligence tasking is presented as a means of fixing this problem. / Lead - Safeguards and Security Team, National Nuclear Security Administration, US Department of Energy

Enemyship is an important but understudied interpersonal phenomenon. Prior research on this topic has focused on enemyship's cognitive, control-maintenance function following a threat. The present studies advance theory and research by showing the role of emotion, particularly anger, in this process. Using appraisal theory as a framework, we draw on recent research into approach and avoidance motivational dynamics during threat We propose an interaction between anxiety-inducing threat and enemy-directed anger on perceptions of control and certainty, and motivation. More specifically, we expect that when an anxiety-inducing threat is present, perceptions of control and certainty will be significantly higher when enemy-directed anger is also present than when it is not Additionally, we sought to demonstrate the consequences of these processes for motivation. Perhaps counterintuitively, we propose that individuals who experience anger at an enemy following an anxiety-inducing control threat will experience a boost in motivation, an effect mediated by perceptions of control and certainty. We find support for our moderated mediation model across three studies with undergraduate and working adults (Total N = 673).

[pt] O setor financeiro de um país é um dos mais importantes, pois sua função principal é promover a intermediação financeira, ou seja, o encontro entre poupadores e tomadores. Isso é primordial para a economia de um país funcionar de forma eficaz e eficiente. Quanto mais robustas e sólidas forem essas organizações, maior será a credibilidade do setor econômico de um país, o que torna sua sobrevivência de extrema importância para a economia de uma nação. Mudanças ocorridas no Brasil, nos últimos anos, como o Plano Real, o programa de privatizações, a desregulamentação, a abertura do mercado brasileiro ao capital estrangeiro e a adequação dos bancos nacionais aos Acordos da Basiléia, na década de 1990, resultaram em uma mudança no cenário competitivo do setor bancário brasileiro. Além disso, a crise do subprime nos EUA em 2008 expôs grandes deficiências do setor financeiro mundial e colocou em dúvida sua credibilidade, juntamente com as dificuldades advindas do processo de globalização, como o aumento da concorrência. É nesse cenário que um novo mercado é formado, caracterizado pelo acirramento da competição entre as organizações, por consumidores cada vez mais exigentes, por mercados desregulamentados e pelo grande avanço tecnológico. Diante de todas essas alterações e da importância do setor financeiro para uma nação, a realização deste estudo tem como objetivo analisar as ameaças e oportunidades estrategicamente significativas enfrentadas pelos bancos comerciais no atual cenário competitivo do setor financeiro brasileiro. / [en] The financial sector is one of the most important in a country. Its main function is to promote financial brokerage, serving as a bridge between savers and takers. This is essential for a country’s economy to work with efficacy and efficiency. The more robust and solid these organizations are the more credible will a nation’s economic sector be. Mainly because of that its survival is extremely important to a country’s Economy. In Brazil, all the changes that have been occurring in recent years, such as Plano Real, the privatization programs, the deregulation, the openness of the Brazilian market to foreign capital and the national banks’ suitability to the Basel Accords, in the 1990’s, resulted in a change in the Brazilian banking competitive scenario. In addition to that, the US subprime crisis in 2008 exposed great deficiencies of the international financial sector and called its credibility into question. Jointly, there were also several difficulties resulting from the globalization process, like the increase of competitiveness. Therefore, it is exactly in this scenario that a new market is formed, characterized by the escalation of competitiveness between organizations, by more and more demanding consumers, by deregulated markets, and by great technological advance. Taking all these transformations and the importance of a nation’s financial sector into consideration, the aim objective of this study is to analyze the threats and strategically significant opportunities faced by commercial banks in the current competitive landscape of the Brazilian financial sector.

The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper. The study showed that all respondents had experiences of threats and/or violence as well as been witnessing the phenomenon. This also showed to be something that had been affecting them in their work e.g. by changes of departments, sick leaves and a different treatment of offenders through avoiding certain inmates and situations. The respondents exposure of threats and violence was related to understaffing and management structure. The study further showed that the respondents were affected in their private life in terms of a changed outlook on people, mood changes and also through a blunting concerning fear.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore what factors in the Zambian national business environment that influences the international entrepreneur, describe how Swedish entrepreneurs adapt to the uncertainties that may come with the national business environment in Zambia, and explain the opportunities and threats that come with investing in the country. In order for us to reach our purpose of the thesis, a case study of two Swedish firms has been conducted by interviews. The theoretical framework consists of the business environment, international entrepreneurship, the concept of psychic distance, the PEST analysis model, threats and opportunities, and five uncertainty management strategies. All of these theories are relevant for the study and the research questions. The empirical findings include the case businesses view on the national business environment regarding both threats and opportunities, and how to manage the uncertainties in the best way. In the analysis the theoretical framework is allied to the empirical findings. The analysis consist of an discussion about the Zambian national environment, and an analysis of the strategies that would be most suitable for an international entrepreneur to use when coping with uncertainties, threats and opportunities in Zambia. The conclusion of the thesis shows that the economic and political factors in Zambia create opportunities, while the technological and socio-cultural factors pose threats to the international entrepreneur.

No description available.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur människor upplever och hanterar risken att bli utsatt för hot och våld från klienter i arbetet. En kvalitativ ansats valdes vilket innebär att fokus har lagts på subjektiva upplevelser och erfarenheter av studieområdet. Studien genomfördes gentemot Socialtjänsten från två kommuner och urvalet bestod av intervjuer med elva socialsekreterare vars arbete innehåller myndighetsutövning och kontakt med klienter. Analys av data gjordes enligt induktiv tematisk analys. Resultaten visade att det föreligger en risk att bli utsatt för hot och våld av klienter men den upplevs vara liten. Upplevelsen att kunna påverka risken med sitt agerande och bemötande ansågs viktigt för att aggression inte skall uppstå i mötena. För att hantera risken framkom flera strategier där förebyggande åtgärder ansågs som det viktigaste. Även det sociala stödet från kollegor och erfarenhet ansågs bidra till att framgångsrikt hantera aggressioner från klienter. / The purpose of this study was to examine how people perceive and cope with the risk of being subjected to client-related violence in the workplace. A qualitative approach was chosen as the focus was on the subjective experiences of the study area. The study was conducted at two social service agencies from two municipalities and the sample consisted of interviews with eleven social workers whose work involves the exercise of authority and client contact. The analysis of data was made according to inductive thematic analysis. The results showed a risk of being subjected to aggression from clients, but it is perceived to be small. Perceived ability to influence client actions and responses were considered important in order to avoid aggression in the meetings. In order to cope with aggression several different strategies were applied. Social support from colleagues and personal experience assisted in successfully coping with client related aggressions.

The debate over allocation of rangeland resources has gained increasing momentum in the 1990’s. These days, several constraints are facing landowners, including high estate taxes, reduced profit margins of agricultural/ranching operations and increased legal restrictions in land use. Previous studies point out to strong private property rights among landowners, which have often been assumed to lead to short-term land management goals that are not particularly beneficial to society. This study analyses the multidimensionality of property rights and how this determines the variation in willingness to undertake various ecologically sustainable management practices without compensation and the variation in the perception of threats by the landowner. A study was conducted on randomly selected landowners in three states, Texas, Utah and Colorado in 2001; an average response rate of 51.3% was obtained across all three states. A descriptive analysis was conducted, tabulating the identifying characteristics of the respondent rancher/farmer and their property, their opinion regarding the rights and responsibilities of landowner, their likely willingness to implement different management practices and threats to the future viability of their ranching operation, searching for testable hypotheses. In analysis of effect of multidimensionality of property rights on the willingness to undertake management practices without compensation, results confirmed the significance of three property rights except the individual property rights scale. Respondent’s perception of the threats to the future viability of future operation was analyzed using directed acyclic graphs (DAG). The DAG revealed several directed edges (causal effects), but the presence of several bi-directed edges (cause and effect being indeterminable) were also identified. The subsequent regression analysis showed no significant property rights scales, but component analyses identified a few significant property rights orientations. The low significance is attributed to the presence of bi-directed edges.

The information security incidents have most often been reported. The loss of enterprise operation is more and more serious because of information security incidents. There are more and more operation risks happening inside the enterprise because of such informational and electronic transformation. Consequently, the requirement to have an effective management framework of information security is more and more urgent. The research adopts the international standard ISO 27001 as the foundation of the information security management framework. And then, risk assessment is the main process of the informational security management framework. This process includes five stages: identification and classification of information assets, value evaluation of information assets, vulnerability assessment of information assets, threats assessment of information assets, and measurement of information security risks. The operational definition, implementation steps and measurement of the information security risks are worked out through review of relevant literature and interview with experts in the semiconductor assembly company. Finally, the experts of the consulting firm of the informational security are entrusted to verify the availability of the model. The result of this informational security risk assessment model will be used as the basis for future improvement. It is hoped that this research can offer a guideline for the information security risk assessment suitable for the semiconductor company and can be used as a reference for internal auditors and management.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Security threats against computer systems are a big problem today which also includes PHP made applications. The report is focused on protection with the help of code and not how you protect a web server. Its purpose is not to educate the readers of the thesis how to make a PHP application, the purpose is how to program a safer PHP application. The thesis contains information about common security threats against PHP scripts. It contains in most cases examples of what an attack can look like and how a protection for that example can be achieved. We have tested all code examples if they work by installing our own server with the configurations according to the delimitations of the thesis and putting up small PHP applications, which we have attacked and then protected. The contents and result of this thesis can benefit developers that use PHP as a programming language for creating web applications, by giving them information about common threats and protection.</p>