La population inuite du Nunavik est exposée aux polluants organiques persistants (POP) par son alimentation traditionnelle. Certains POP (métabolites des BPC, pentachlorophénol et perfluorooctane sulfonate) peuvent interférer avec la liaison de la thyroxine (T4) à la transthyrétine (TTR), une protéine de transport des hormones thyroïdiennes. Pour vérifier s’il y avait perturbation du transport, la T4 liée à la TTR a été mesurée dans le plasma de 120 femmes inuites âgées entre 18 et 39 ans, recrutées lors de l’Étude sur la santé des Inuit 2004 – Qanuippitaa? How are we?. Les niveaux de TTR, TBG (thyroxin-binding globulin) et T4 total sont associés (p < 0,002) aux concentrations de T4 liée à la TTR, alors que les POP ne le sont pas (R-carré ajusté du modèle = 0,27, p < 0,0001). Ces résultats suggèrent des concentrations circulantes de POP trop faibles pour compromettre le transport de la T4 par la TTR. / The Inuit population of Nunavik is exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through its traditional diet. Some POPs (i.e. hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachlorophenol and perfluorooctane sulfonate) compete with thyroxin (T4) for binding sites on transthyretin (TTR), a transport protein of thyroid hormones. We tested the hypothesis that POPs decrease circulating concentrations of T4 bound to TTR (T4-TTR) in Inuit women of reproductive age, who were previously enrolled in the 2004 Inuit health study Qanuippitaa? How are we?. We measured the concentration of T4-TTR in plasma samples obtained from 120 Inuit women (18-39 years old). Linear regression analyses revealed that TTR, TBG and total T4 concentrations were significant predictors (p < 0.002) of T4-TTR levels but not POPs levels (model adjusted R-square = 0.27, p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that circulating levels of POPs in these women are not high enough to affect TTR-mediated thyroid hormone transport.

O hipertiroidismo em felinos começou a ser diagnosticado a partir de 1979 e atualmente é uma endocrinopatia de grande ocorrência em muitos países. Devido a este fato, foi realizada a determinação dos hormônios tiroidianos (T3 e T4) dos felinos domésticos atendidos no HOVET/USP no período de 2002-2007. Foi utilizada a técnica de radioimunoensaio para a determinação de T4 total, T4 livre e T3 total. A amostragem compôs-se de 234 felinos, dois quais 26 (11,1%) foram diagnosticados com hipertiroidismo, pelo aumento de T4 total. Destes animais, apenas dois (7,7%) apresentavam suspeita para a doença na ocasião da consulta. Dentre as principais manifestações clínicas pôde-se observar: anorexia/disorexia, êmese, perda de peso, poliúria e polidipsia. Os valores de T4 livre e T3 total não foram significativos para o diagnóstico da doença neste estudo. A doença renal crônica foi observada em 46,2% dos felinos que apresentavam hipertiroidismo. Deve-se ter maior atenção ao exame físico do paciente felino idoso em relação à palpação da tiróide. / Recognised with a great occurence nowadays in many countries, hyperthyroidism in cats was first diagnosed in 1979. Due to this fact, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were measured in domestic felines assisted on the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo - Brazil, during 2002 through 2007. Total T4, free T4 and total T3 values were obtained by a radioimmune assay. Samples of 234 felines were analysed, and 26 (11,1%) were diagnosed with hiperthyroidism, having an increased total T4. Hypethyroidism was suspected in only two (7,7%) animals of this group. Anorexia/disorexia, vomiting, weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia were the main clinical signs observed. In this study, free T4 and total T3 values were not significant in diagnosing the disease. Chronic renal failure was observed in 46,2% of the felines with hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, a low suspicion of hyperthyroidism by the clinitians was noticed and thyroid palpation during the physical exam of the elder feline may be deficient and omissive.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01290.pdf: 840073 bytes, checksum: 58828cfcb75bc5ca0a2529d61706549b (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IEA/T / Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo - IB/USP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01290.pdf: 840073 bytes, checksum: 58828cfcb75bc5ca0a2529d61706549b (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IEA/T / Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo - IB/USP

Orientadores: Maria Rita Donalisio Cordeiro, Daniela de Oliveira Magro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_BerthaSiqueiraBernardide_M.pdf: 456101 bytes, checksum: 2cad3a307156f7e4711bcc6ba442771c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade (PAC) é aquela que acomete o paciente fora do ambiente hospitalar ou que surge nas primeiras 48 horas da internação. A pneumonia é uma doença grave e sabe-se que há grande associação entre indicadores nutricionais, estado imunológico e o prognóstico de infecções. A avaliação da evolução clínica dos casos de PAC, considerando-se aspectos nutricionais, pode trazer informações relevantes sobre o comportamento destes parâmetros em população brasileira, submetida às condições de vida e saúde próprias da região de estudo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os parâmetros nutricionais dos pacientes internados com PAC e sua associação com a evolução clínica dos casos, considerando-se medidas antropométricas, composição corporal e parâmetros bioquímicos. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo prospectivo, da totalidade dos casos de PAC (66) em indivíduos maiores de 14 anos admitidos na enfermaria de Clínica Médica do Hospital Estadual de Sumaré (HES), no período de outubro de 2005 a setembro e 2007. Foi ajustado modelo de regressão logística múltipla, tendo-se como variável dependente evolução desfavorável, isto é, aqueles com internação maior que 10 dias e/ou óbito. Dentre as variáveis nutricionais, o IMC (p=0,05), a circunferência da cintura (p<0,00) e o percentual de gordura corporal (p<0,00) apresentaram uma diferença grande entre os sexos. Não ouve associação entre sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, comorbidades, IMC, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura com a evolução desfavorável do caso. Este estudo apresentou um perfil heterogêneo entre os gêneros. No sexo masculino, pôde-se observar uma maioria de tabagistas e etilistas e indivíduos eutróficos. Enquanto no sexo feminino a maioria se apresentou sobrepeso e obesidade. A hipoalbuminenia, na internação, foi prevalente na maioria dos casos, porém não foi um bom marcador nutricional, de mau prognóstico de PAC, em função do seu tempo de meia vida que é relativamente extenso. Destaca-se aqui a pré-albumina, como um marcador nutricional de gravidade ao prognóstico de PAC (OR 6,1 e p=0,04), podendo ser um guia efetivo na escolha do tratamento da pneumonia / Abstract: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is pneumonia contracted by the patient outside the hospital environment or that manifests within the first 48 hours after hospital admission. Pneumonia is a severe disease and a strong association exists between nutritional indicators, immunological state and the prognosis of infections. The evaluation of the clinical evolution of patients with CAP, taking into account nutritional aspects, may provide relevant information regarding the behavior of these parameters in the Brazilian population considering the intrinsic life and health conditions of the region studied. The objective of this study was to analyze nutritional parameters in hospitalized patients with CAP and their association with the clinical evolution of the cases considering anthropometric measures, body composition and biochemical parameters. A descriptive prospective study was conducted on 66 patients with CAP older than 14 years of age, who were admitted to Hospital Estadual de Sumaré (HES) between October 2005 and September 2007. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted using an unfavorable evolution as the dependent variable (patients hospitalized for more than 10 days and/or death). Among the nutritional variables studied, BMI (p=0.05), waist circumference (p<0.00) and body fat percentage (p<0.00) differed significantly between genders. No association was observed between unfavorable evolution of the case and gender, smoking, alcoholism, co-morbidity, BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage. This study showed a heterogeneous profile between genders. In males, we could see a majority of smokers and drinkers and normal-weight individuals. While the female is most were overweight and obesity. The hipoalbuminenia on admission, was prevalent in most cases, but it wasn't a good nutritional marker of bad prognosis of CAP in terms of its half-life is relatively long. Stands out here prealbumin, as a nutritional marker of the severity of the prognosis of CAP (OR 6,1 e p 0,04), could be an effective guide in choosing the treatment of pneumonia / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

O hipertiroidismo em felinos começou a ser diagnosticado a partir de 1979 e atualmente é uma endocrinopatia de grande ocorrência em muitos países. Devido a este fato, foi realizada a determinação dos hormônios tiroidianos (T3 e T4) dos felinos domésticos atendidos no HOVET/USP no período de 2002-2007. Foi utilizada a técnica de radioimunoensaio para a determinação de T4 total, T4 livre e T3 total. A amostragem compôs-se de 234 felinos, dois quais 26 (11,1%) foram diagnosticados com hipertiroidismo, pelo aumento de T4 total. Destes animais, apenas dois (7,7%) apresentavam suspeita para a doença na ocasião da consulta. Dentre as principais manifestações clínicas pôde-se observar: anorexia/disorexia, êmese, perda de peso, poliúria e polidipsia. Os valores de T4 livre e T3 total não foram significativos para o diagnóstico da doença neste estudo. A doença renal crônica foi observada em 46,2% dos felinos que apresentavam hipertiroidismo. Deve-se ter maior atenção ao exame físico do paciente felino idoso em relação à palpação da tiróide. / Recognised with a great occurence nowadays in many countries, hyperthyroidism in cats was first diagnosed in 1979. Due to this fact, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were measured in domestic felines assisted on the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo - Brazil, during 2002 through 2007. Total T4, free T4 and total T3 values were obtained by a radioimmune assay. Samples of 234 felines were analysed, and 26 (11,1%) were diagnosed with hiperthyroidism, having an increased total T4. Hypethyroidism was suspected in only two (7,7%) animals of this group. Anorexia/disorexia, vomiting, weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia were the main clinical signs observed. In this study, free T4 and total T3 values were not significant in diagnosing the disease. Chronic renal failure was observed in 46,2% of the felines with hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, a low suspicion of hyperthyroidism by the clinitians was noticed and thyroid palpation during the physical exam of the elder feline may be deficient and omissive.

Orientador: Maria Elena Guariento / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peterson_JoseCarlosBellini_D.pdf: 887202 bytes, checksum: 3b69bb83a27c8b2d5522e68aa050dc6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Fundamento: O hipotireoidismo subclínico é mais prevalente em mulheres idosas e existe uma correlação direta entre esta condição e as dislipidemias, com um conseqüente potencial aterosclerótico para a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Verificar em mulheres idosas com hipotireoidismo subclínico a ocorrência de variações em seus perfis lipídicos e o consequente risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Foram estudadas 121 mulheres com idade ? 65 anos, 76 delas com hipotireoidismo subclínico (grupo 1), comparadas a um grupo controle de 45 mulheres eutireoideas (grupo 2). Foi estudada a relação entre hipotireoidismo subclínico e valores de colesterol total, suas frações e triglicérides. Os índices de Castelli I e II foram utilizados para avaliar o risco cardiovascular. Foram excluídas outras condições que causem dislipidemia. Resultados: Pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico apresentaram valores mais elevados de colesterol total, suas frações (exceto HDL-c) e triglicérides; e os índices de Castelli I e II, quando comparadas ao grupo controle (p < 0,01). No grupo 1 foram identificados dois subgrupos de pacientes, o primeiro com menores valores na elevação TSH e nos Índices Castelli I e II; o segundo com maiores valores na elevação de TSH, e nos Índices de Castelli I e II. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou uma forte correlação entre dislipidemia e hipotireoidismo subclínico e que quanto mais elevado o TSH, mais alterado o perfil lipídico, e mais elevados os índices de Castelli I e II, com conseqüente aumento do risco cardiovascular / Abstract: Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is more prevalent in elderly women. There is a direct correlation between this condition and dyslipidemia, with consequent arteriosclerotic potential for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to verify in elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism lipid profile variation, with consequent modification in cardiovascular risk. Methods: There were included 121 female patients with age ? 65 years old, 76 with subclinical hypothyroidism (group 1). They were compared with a 45 group control of euthyroid patients (group 2). Other conditions that lead to dyslipidemia were excluded. The relation between subclinical hypothyroidism and the levels of total cholesterol and its fractions, and triglycerides were studied. Also, indexes of Castelli I and II were used to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Results: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism presented higher levels of all the fractions of cholesterol (except HDL-c), triglycerides and indexes of Castelli I and II, when compared to control group (p<0.01). In group 1, there were identified two subgroups of patients, being the first one with less elevated levels of TSH e lower levels of Castelli I and II, and the second one with higher levels of TSH and with a higher variation of the indexes of Castelli I and II. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a strong correlation between dyslipidemia and subclinical hypothyroidism in elderly women; in addition, it showed that the higher the TSH, the worse the lipid profile, and the higher indexes of Castelli I and II / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

The hair follicle (HF) is a human mini-organ that autonomously cycles between phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen) and relative quiescence (telogen). Whilst many molecular controls are now appreciated to influence hair cycle, what ultimately choreographs the switch between each cycle stage is yet to be elucidated. With the increasing link between molecular clock activities in controlling local tissue physiology, we began by studying the hypothesis that the human HF has a functional molecular clock. Utilising human HF organ culture, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence we found that the HF does indeed have oscillating clock gene expression over 24 and 48 hours in situ, separate from the suprachiasmatic-nucleus. Moreover, core clock proteins BMAL1 and PER1 are expressed in the human HF with PER1 increasing as HFs enter catagen. Next utilising siRNA mediated gene knock-down of either BMAL1 or PER1 in situ, we were able to show that silencing either clock gene leads to anagen prolongation in cultured HFs, demonstrating that the molecular clock modulates the human hair cycle, namely the anagen-catagen switch in situ. As human pigmentation is tightly coupled to the hair cycle and both human HFs and epidermal melanocytes express clock genes/proteins, this led us to investigate the hypothesis that the molecular clock modulates human pigmentation. By silencing BMAL1 or PER1 in HFs an increase in melanin content (Masson-Fontana) was observed in a hair-cycle independent manner. Furthermore, tyrosinase expression/activity as well as TYRP1 and 2 expression, gp100 protein expression, melanocyte dendricity and the number of HF melanocytes were all significantly increased in BMAL1 and/or PER1-silenced HFs. Mechanistically, BMAL1 knockdown reduced PER1 transcription, and PER1 silencing was found to induce phosphorylation of the master regulator of melanogenesis, MITF, thus stimulating human melanogenesis and melanocyte activity. This provides the first evidence that the peripheral molecular clock influences human pigmentation. Finally, the thyroid hormone (T4) has strong links with peripheral clock activity and has been shown to prolong anagen and increase human HF pigmentation. Moreover, T4 is a commonly prescribed treatment for thyroid disorder. As such, we investigated the hypothesis that T4 influences HF clock gene activity. It was observed that transient T4 treatment reduces the amplitude of clock gene oscillations whilst circadian rhythmicity is maintained. Conversely with longer term treatment clock gene activity was significantly increased compared to a scrambled oligo-control. Here we have demonstrated that the human HF has peripheral molecular clock activity which influences the human hair cycle and pigmentation. Finally we were able to uncover a potential novel target, T4, whose pulsatile administration may potentially be used to treat not only hair growth and pigmentation disorders but may be able to modulate circadian activity in peripheral tissues and treat clock-related disease.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.