The maintenance of large-scale software systems without trace information between development artifacts is a challenging task. This thesis focuses on the problem of supporting software maintenance through a mechanism for establishing traceability relations between the system requirements and its code elements. The core of the proposed solution is a set of design rules that regulates the positional (e.g., package), structural (e.g., class), and behavioral (e.g., method) aspects of the system elements, thus establishing traceability between requirements and code. We identify several types of requirements each of which can be supported by design rules. We introduce a rule-based approach to software construction and demonstrate that such a process can support maintainability through two mechanisms: (a) traceability and (b) reduction of defect rate. We distinguish our work from traditional traceability approaches in that we regard traceability as an intrinsic structural property of software systems. This view of traceability is in contrast to traditional traceability approaches where traceability is achieved extrinsically through creating maps such as the traceability matrices or allocation tables. The approach presented in this thesis has been evaluated through conducting several empirical studies as well as building a proof-of-concept system. The results we obtained demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our approach.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souzakruliski_cr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 425097 bytes, checksum: 7eb85285cba359149ffda165a5682265 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O interesse do consumidor em conhecer a origem e a qualidade do produto consumido vem crescendo e fazendo com que aumentem as pesquisas por métodos que permitam a certificação de origem e de qualidade de produtos de origem animal. Existem vários níveis de rastreabilidade, no caso do pescado o local de origem da pesca é a primeira etapa da rastreabilidade externa. A espectrometria de massa, por meio da análise da razão isotópica de 13C/12C e 15N/14N tem sido utilizada com sucesso para rastreabilidade e para testar a autenticidade, a qualidade e a origem geográfica de vários produtos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar duas espécies de camarões peneídeos, de importância comercial, capturados em diferentes regiões brasileiras, para verificar a possibilidade de utilizar a técnica dos isótopos estáveis em estudos de denominação de origem, bem como diferenciação das espécies estudadas. Foram analisados músculo, casca e estômago de camarão rosa (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis), e de camarão sete barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) coletados nos estados de Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Alagoas e Piauí. Tanto para a espécie de camarão rosa quanto para o camarão sete barbas o tecido mais enriquecido em nitrogênio-15 é o músculo, seguido do estômago e da casca. A diferença entre os tecidos pode ser conseqüência das diferenças metabólicas entre eles. Pela análise do par isotópico (δ13C e δ15N) é possível distinguir os camarões pescados na região Nordeste dos camarões pescados nas regiões Sul /Sudeste, para ambas as espécies, possibilitando a rastreabilidade e denominação de origem. A análise isotópica permite também diferenciar as duas espécies... / Consumer interest in food origin and quality makes it necessary research for methods that allow the certification of origin and identify quality parameters of foos animal origin. There are several levels of traceability and for fish the local of fishing is the first step of the external traceability. Mass spectrometry for the analysis of the isotopic ratio 13C/12C and 15N/14N has been successfully used for traceability and to test the authenticity, quality and geographical origin of various products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using the technique of stable isotopes in studies of designation of origin and differentiation of species in two commercial important shrimp captured in different regions of Brazil. Muscle, skin and stomach of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) and seabob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) collected in Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Alagoas and Piaui, were analyzed. So much for the kind of pink shrimp for shrimp and seven beards tissue nitrogen-15 is enriched in the muscle, followed by stomach and skin. The difference between the tissues may be due to metabolic differences between them. Analyze of the isotopic pair (δ13C and δ15N) allows to distinguish the shrimp caught in the Northeast region of the shrimp caught in the South/Southeast, for both species, allowing for the designation of origin and traceability. Isotopic analysis also allows differentiating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Carlos Ducatti / Banca: Adilson Fransozo / Banca: Rosângela Kiyoko Jomori Bonichelli / Resumo: O interesse do consumidor em conhecer a origem e a qualidade do produto consumido vem crescendo e fazendo com que aumentem as pesquisas por métodos que permitam a certificação de origem e de qualidade de produtos de origem animal. Existem vários níveis de rastreabilidade, no caso do pescado o local de origem da pesca é a primeira etapa da rastreabilidade externa. A espectrometria de massa, por meio da análise da razão isotópica de 13C/12C e 15N/14N tem sido utilizada com sucesso para rastreabilidade e para testar a autenticidade, a qualidade e a origem geográfica de vários produtos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar duas espécies de camarões peneídeos, de importância comercial, capturados em diferentes regiões brasileiras, para verificar a possibilidade de utilizar a técnica dos isótopos estáveis em estudos de denominação de origem, bem como diferenciação das espécies estudadas. Foram analisados músculo, casca e estômago de camarão rosa (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis), e de camarão sete barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) coletados nos estados de Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Alagoas e Piauí. Tanto para a espécie de camarão rosa quanto para o camarão sete barbas o tecido mais enriquecido em nitrogênio-15 é o músculo, seguido do estômago e da casca. A diferença entre os tecidos pode ser conseqüência das diferenças metabólicas entre eles. Pela análise do par isotópico (δ13C e δ15N) é possível distinguir os camarões pescados na região Nordeste dos camarões pescados nas regiões Sul /Sudeste, para ambas as espécies, possibilitando a rastreabilidade e denominação de origem. A análise isotópica permite também diferenciar as duas espécies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Consumer interest in food origin and quality makes it necessary research for methods that allow the certification of origin and identify quality parameters of foos animal origin. There are several levels of traceability and for fish the local of fishing is the first step of the external traceability. Mass spectrometry for the analysis of the isotopic ratio 13C/12C and 15N/14N has been successfully used for traceability and to test the authenticity, quality and geographical origin of various products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using the technique of stable isotopes in studies of designation of origin and differentiation of species in two commercial important shrimp captured in different regions of Brazil. Muscle, skin and stomach of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) and seabob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) collected in Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Alagoas and Piaui, were analyzed. So much for the kind of pink shrimp for shrimp and seven beards tissue nitrogen-15 is enriched in the muscle, followed by stomach and skin. The difference between the tissues may be due to metabolic differences between them. Analyze of the isotopic pair (δ13C and δ15N) allows to distinguish the shrimp caught in the Northeast region of the shrimp caught in the South/Southeast, for both species, allowing for the designation of origin and traceability. Isotopic analysis also allows differentiating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T21:18:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SamuelBlochda_M.pdf: 9873056 bytes, checksum: ae2411c7a4bad4e10affd179ddc9a346 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Entende-se com base nos resultados das pesquisas do Auto-ID Center, que a tecnologia de RFID poderá fomentar a criação de uma "nova superfície de contato" entre as unidades de negócios, melhorando muito a qualidade da informação nas cadeias de suprimentos aeronáuticos. Neste contexto a tecnologia forneceria condições "ideais" à automação de várias atividades de apontamentos manuais comumente existentes aos processos internos e externos das empresas envolvidas. Esta melhora no fluxo da informação precisa chegar ao nível dos componentes aeronáuticos, uma vez que os mesmos estão sujeitos a diferentes estados e condições de operação e manuseio (temperatura, unidade, vibrações). De alguma maneira estes itens precisam ser controlados e rastreados em função das várias necessidades industriais e de legislação. Outro ponto importante é a crescente preocupação dos fabricantes aeronáuticos em relação ao "pedigree eletrônico" de seus componentes. Não obstante a isto, produzir somente nas quantidades solicitadas e nas datas sincronizadas pela linha de montagem do avião, é uma das mudanças mais importantes no contexto do fluxo de valor dos fabricantes aeronáuticos. Ou seja, sincronizar os componentes conforme a demanda é resultado direto de um modelo robusto de fornecimento, baseado na confiança "cliente-fornecedor" sem a necessidade de formação de estoque. A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar os benefícios obtidos com a aplicação da tecnologia de RFID na rastreabilidade e sincronização da cadeia de suprimentos aeronáuticos, considerandose os pressupostos anteriores. / Abstract: It is understood based on the research findings of Auto-ID Center, RFID technology that could encourage the creation of a "new contact surface" between business units, improving the information quality of aeronautical supply chain. In this context the technology would provide "ideal" conditions to automation activities commonly existing manual date the internal and external processes of the companies involved. This improved flow of information needs to reach the level of aircraft components, since they are subject to different states and conditions of operation and handling (temperature, unity, vibrations). Somehow these items must be tracked and traced to the different needs and industrial legislation. Another important concern is adding aircraft manufacturers in relation to "electronic pedigree". Despite this, producing only the amount requested and the dates for the synchronized assembly line of the aircraft, is one of the most important changes in the context of the value stream of aircraft manufacturers. In other words, synchronize the components based on demand is a direct result of a robust model of delivery, based on trust "client-supplier" without building inventory. The purpose of this study is to present the benefits of the application RFID technology to tracking and synchronization of aeronautical supply chain. / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

From one year to another an intuitive feeling has grown stronger. That feeling tells us that poor traceability is the underlying reason for many of the problems that the software industry struggles with today. This thesis was carried out to see if this was true and if so investigate how traceability was related to the problems in today's software industry. In order to do this we have taken two different approaches. The first approach has been to try to establish if there exist support for this claim in existing literature. In the second approach we have tried to do the same thing by performing our own empirical study. Within this empirical study we have interviewed some project managers and some developers in order to find out which problems that are perceived by the software community as the most troublesome ones when it comes to software development. Finally we have created a conceptual framework for increased traceability and then investigated if whether or not this framework could provide a good foundation for tackling the problems identified in literature as well as the problems discovered within the empirical study.

The target of this master thesis is to map situation of food traceabilty in European Union and in the Czech Republic, document food traceability systems and its echo testing. International and Word organizations which focus on traceabilty and the system of control cannot be left out of consideration .

Food is vital to human life. Therefore, ensuring its safety as it moves from producer to consumer in food supply chains (FSCs) is essential. This can be achieved through the use of food traceability technology which enables track and trace of produce within a FSC. Recently, blockchain technology (BCT) has shown great potential to enhance traceability in FSCs, owing to its ability to securely store data in a decentralised and tamper-evident manner. However, it appears that research on blockchain-enabled food traceability exists primarily within the context of large FSCs, whilst scarce for local FSCs in which traceability is often an inefficient and manual process. Given this background, this exploratory research is carried out, to investigate whether a blockchain-enabled system can be used to improve traceability in local FSCs. To do this, we (i) collaborate with Oranjezicht City Farm Market (OZCFM) - a farmers market in Cape Town, the smallholder farmers that supply OZCFM with fresh local produce and the OZCFM patrons that purchase the produce; (ii) map out the local FSC by conducting observations and running surveys with the aforementioned actors; (iii) design, develop and pilot FoodPrint - a web based and blockchain-enabled food traceability application. During the pilot within the OZCFM-related local FSC, FoodPrint is used to capture data on the harvest, transportation and storage of produce; and reveal produce provenance at destination by scanning of supplier-produce specific quick response (QR) codes. We find that FoodPrint provides tamper-evident traceability and authentic transparency of produce related data to the local FSC actors. Further, we note that scanning a FoodPrint QR code for produce provenance does not enhance the consumers trust of the local FSC, as it pre-exists. This implies that local FSCs with existing and functional trust mechanisms do not benefit from trust-enhancing mechanisms such as blockchain-enabled traceability. Future work may consider data privacy in FSCs and automating FSC data entry to reduce the risk of fraud.

Le projet ARTIC, Application de la RFID pour la traçabilité des Instruments chirurgicaux, concerne la mise en place d'une solution d’automatisation de la traçabilité dans le secteur hospitalier, en particulier dans la stérilisation et dans la salle d'opération. Le développement d'une telle solution pose plusieurs problèmes. En effet le contrôle et e suivi des instruments doit être rapide et adapté à l'environnement de travail, en tenant compte des exigences inhérentes à ces instruments: stérilisation à l'autoclave (121-138 ° C, vapeur saturée, 1-2 bar) et utilisation par les chirurgiens. La spécification doit combiner l'ergonomie, la résistance à l'autoclave et la fiabilité, tout en étant rapide et générer un petit coût supplémentaire. De plus, une telle solution, doit permettre un contrôle multiple (identification de plusieurs instruments à la fois) dans toutes les directions spatiales possibles (sachant que les instruments sont posés d’une manière aléatoire dans les bacs de stérilisation). La thèse sur la traçabilité RFID à l'aide de petites antennes a pour but de proposer des solutions prototype basé sur le couplage entre les boucles du lecteur et celle du tag, l’optimisation des prototypes a pour but d’atteindre une distance de communication allant jusqu'à 10cm en utilisant une grande antenne du lecteur (ayant la taille des bacs de stérilisation : 50 cm de longueur) et un tag miniature (quelques millimètres). Plusieurs prototypes sont proposés et développés. (1) un prototype antenne du lecteur incluant des résonateurs, qui permet d'augmenter le couplage du système RFID HF. Cette structure a été simulée, réalisée et mesurée. Afin de mettre un lien entre la simulation et la mesure, nous avons développé des modèles d'équations empiriques qui nous permettent à la fois de retrouver l'inductance propre d'un système lecteur N-boucles et aussi l'inductance mutuelle équivalente du système. (2) Une autre solution est une structure multi-boucles torsadées. Elle est basée sur la réorientation des lignes de champ magnétique. Son intérêt est de permettre une détection des tags quel que soit leurs positionnements angulaires / The ARTIC project, concerns the implementation an automatically system used to Tracking Surgical Instruments with Radio Frequency Identification in hospitals, more precisely particular in sterilization and operating room. The development of such solution needs to solve several problems. The control of the instruments must be rapid and adapted to the sterilization: autoclave sterilization (121-138 ° C, 1-2 bar). The specification must combine ergonomics, autoclave resistance and reliability, while being fast and generating low additional cost. Moreover, such a solution must allow multiple control (identification of several instruments at a time) in all possible spatial directions. The thesis on RFID tracking using small antennas aims to propose prototype solutions based on the magnetic coupling between reader and the tag loops. The purpose of the prototype optimization is to reach a communication distance up to 10 cm using a large reader loop antenna (the size of the sterilization trays: 50 cm length) and a miniature tag (few millimeters). Several prototypes are proposed and developed. (1) a prototype of the reader loop antenna including resonators, which allows to increase the magnetic coupling of the RFID system. This structure is simulated, realized and measured. In order to make a link between simulation and measurement, we developed calculations of the equivalent electrical model that allow to find the equivalent inductance of the N-loop reader antenna and also the equivalent mutual inductance of the system entire system. (2) Another solution is a multiple twisted loop reader antenna. It is based on the reorientation of the magnetic field lines. Its interest is to allow a detection of the tags whatever their angular positioning

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article describes how using logistics management models in collaboration with a process traceability system improves storage management processes in the coffee supply chain by reducing losses and high storage-related logistics costs, with support from a digital transformation process. For the purposes of this study, data on times and costs incurred as per the corresponding criteria and purchasing power, errors in order specifications, and delivery delays that result in losses were used, as these cause coffee to lose market value within an organization in a cooperative setting (business associations).