Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T18:01:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rosemary Frota Morenz.pdf: 1272579 bytes, checksum: 49d4b0cb0e7af993d75e4a4490ed8c28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T18:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rosemary Frota Morenz.pdf: 1272579 bytes, checksum: 49d4b0cb0e7af993d75e4a4490ed8c28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-26 / The research had as a general objective analyzing the trajectory of the students from the Licenciatura em Ci?ncias Agr?colas (LICA) course from Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), in the 1997 to 2006 period, as well as diagnosing how this trajectory is led towards the integration to the graduation course. The study aimed to characterize the profile of the referred student, with an emphasis in some indicators: sex, place of origin, school of origin, destination course after the transfer and others. The LICA course was chosen for this investigation mainly due to it being one of the first courses available in UFRRJ; other than its integrating profile, for being a graduation in the Agrarian Sciences area, consonant to the UFRRJ?s historical roots. The high rate of dropout closely linked to the internal transfer process stood out for the choice of the troublesomeness. The methodology used into the making of this project was based in: a) documental analysis, referring to official documents, such as: the LICA collegiate reunion records, memos and offices from UFRRJ and moreover, an analysis of the change proposals for the course according to MEC; b) bibliographic consult to articles, books, journals and research projects about the subject; c) interviews of qualitative character with professors from the LICA course from UFRRJ and d) auditing of quantitative data, done in the academics registry basis of the Divis?o de Registros Acad?micos (DRA) connected to the Pr?-Reitoria de Gradua??o of the institution. Through these procedures it was possible to identify the academic trajectory of the student in UFRRJ. The results obtained through the research show an intense flow from the LICA students, during their academic trajectory inside of the Institution. Other academic flows were observed, such as the return of the student who obtained a transfer from the LICA course to another courses at UFRRJ and the return of the aforementioned students to their origin course, LICA, be it utilizing themselves of the re-entrance process or another admittance test (at that time), which generate a inclusion of students into the cited course. These choices seemed to be adjoined mainly to social, economic, political and cultural aspects, besides others which may be part of the student?s universe. Parallel to the questions raised by multiple authors, a qualitative research was conducted, with the objective of obtaining a point of view from egressed teachers from the LICA course, valuing the lived experiences of these professionals in their working area. The resulting outcome gathered through the research characterized the academic flow from the LICA students, and demystified the statement that the LICA course is a trampoline course, used by students only to enroll in the University. The research also came to contribute to an evaluation of the academic mobility in UFRRJ and its variables. It also brought light upon the worry about the necessity of vocational orientation for these undergraduate students, in a way in which they can feel more secure towards their professional choices, evading then a longer permanence time in the Institution and going after meeting the real needs of the students. / A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a trajet?ria acad?mica dos estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Ci?ncias Agr?colas (LICA) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), no per?odo de 1997 a 2006, assim como diagnosticar como se d? esse movimento rumo ao processo de integraliza??o do curso de gradua??o. O estudo buscou caracterizar o perfil do referido estudante, com ?nfase em alguns indicadores: sexo, regi?o de origem, escola de origem e o curso de destino ap?s a transfer?ncia. A escolha do curso de LICA para esta investiga??o deu-se principalmente por ser um dos primeiros cursos da UFRRJ com perfil integrador e por ser uma licenciatura na ?rea de Ci?ncias Agr?rias, em conson?ncia com as ra?zes hist?ricas da UFRRJ. Destacou-se, ainda, para a escolha da problem?tica, o fato de o referido curso apresentar um alto ?ndice de evas?o, ligado principalmente ao processo de transfer?ncia interna. A metodologia utilizada para a realiza??o deste trabalho foi baseada em: a) an?lise documental, referente ? de documentos oficiais, tais como atas de reuni?es do colegiado do curso de LICA, memorandos e of?cios da UFRRJ e,ainda, an?lise das propostas de mudan?as acad?micas no curso, de acordo com o MEC; b) consulta bibliogr?fica em artigos, peri?dicos, livros e trabalhos de pesquisa referente ao assunto; c) aplica??o de entrevistas de car?ter qualitativo a docentes do curso de LICA da UFRRJ e d) levantamento de dados quantitativos, feitos na base de registros acad?micos da Divis?o de Registros Acad?micos (DRA), ligada ? Pr?-Reitoria de Gradua??o da Institui??o. Atrav?s destes procedimentos, foi poss?vel identificar a trajet?ria acad?mica do estudante na UFRRJ. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s da pesquisa demonstraram um intenso movimento dos estudantes de LICA, durante sua trajet?ria acad?mica dentro da Institui??o. Foram tamb?m observados outros movimentos acad?micos, como a volta do estudantede LICA, que obteve transfer?ncia interna para outro curso, ao seu curso de origem: seja utilizando o processo acad?mico de reingresso ou outro vestibular (? ?poca),o que gerou uma inclus?o de estudantes no referido curso.Esses movimentos pareceram ligados principalmentea aspectos sociais, econ?micos, pol?ticos e culturais, al?m de outros, que podem pertencer ao universo do estudante. Considerando esses aspectos e as quest?es levantadas por diversos autores, sobre o universo do estudante, realizou?se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o objetivo de obter uma vis?o de professores egressos do curso de LICA, valorizando as experi?ncias vividas por esses profissionais na ?rea de atua??o. H? uma caracteriza??odo movimento acad?mico dos estudantes de LICA, dentro da institui??o que ajudam a desmistificar a afirma??o de que, o curso de LICA ? um curso trampolim, usado pelos estudantes apenas para ingressar na Universidade. A pesquisa veio tamb?m a contribuir,para uma avalia??o da mobilidade acad?mica na UFRRJ e suas vari?veis, no sentido de apontar para a necessidade de orienta??o vocacional desses graduandos, de forma que possam se sentir mais seguros em rela??o ?s suas escolhas profissionais, evitando assim um tempo maior de perman?ncia na institui??o e buscando atender aos reais interesses dos educandos.

Essa tese procura investigar os mistérios que envolvem a adesão ao metier da dança, atividade artística para a qual é atraída uma minoria que faz do corpo instrumento de trabalho e recurso privilegiado de transgressão das próprias condições de existência. Trata-se de um estudo sobre bailarinas e bailarinos profissionais cujo interesse reside no exame dos elementos objetivos e subjetivos de acesso e permanência nessa carreira. A idéia consiste em desvendar a vocação para a dança tomando como cenário analítico o contexto do meio coreográfico da cidade de São Paulo, na atualidade, em que são encontrados bailarinos de distintos perfis alinhados em diferentes modelos estéticos: de um lado, a produção contemporânea que tem como base os procedimentos do balé clássico e, de outro, as linguagens de vanguarda amparadas, sobretudo, nas técnicas de improvisação. De acordo com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender quem são aqueles que, do ponto de vista social, tornam-se bailarinos, suas razões e seus meios, e em que medida os capitais econômicos, simbólicos e corporais podem ser traduzidos no âmbito dos estilos aos quais essas trajetórias se dirigem. A tese teve como fundamentos de pesquisa a etnografia de duas companhias paulistanas uma tradicional e outra de vanguarda e um conjunto de entrevistas com bailarinas e bailarinos, a partir das quais foram geradas narrativas sobre os seus itinerários e um banco de dados morfológicos que permitiram a interpretação das trajetórias dos agentes desse meio. Ao abordar essa base de dupla perspectiva metodológica, o trabalho elabora a análise da modelagem corporal e do imaginário desses profissionais e dos estilos de vida que deles derivam. A trajetória social e a feição do corpo dos bailarinos, submetidas ao ângulo das subjetividades do sujeito e da construção da dimensão de seus sentidos, foram às principais referências utilizadas como fontes de dados para apreender as especificidades dos portadores que constituem o pequeno grupo que realiza o salto para essa profissão e passa a vivenciar a dança como um trabalho, na condução metódica da vida; e para examinar os fatores e as condições sociais que orientam a formação dessa vocação. / This thesis seeks to investigate the mysteries surrounding the access to the métier of dance, this artistic activity to which a minority is attracted, which makes the body a work instrument and a privileged transgression resource of their own living conditions. This is a study on professional dancers, both male and female, whose interest lies in examining the objective and subjective elements of access and permanence in this career. The idea is to unveil the \"vocation\" to dance considering as analytical scene the present choreographic context in the city of São Paulo, where dancers of distinct profiles are found lined up in different aesthetic models: on the one hand, the contemporary production that is based on the procedures of classical ballet and, on the other, the vanguard languages especially supported by improvisational techniques. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to understand, from a social standpoint, who are those that become dancers, their reasons and their means and to what extent the economic, symbolic and body capitals can be translated within the styles in which those paths are conducted. The thesis had as a research basis the ethnography of two dance companies from São Paulo a traditional and a vanguardist one as well as a series of interviews with dancers, from which both narratives about their itineraries and a morphological database were generated, allowing the interpretation of the trajectories of the agents in this environment. In addressing the basis of this dual methodological perspective, the work elaborates the analysis of body sculpting, these professionals imaginary and the lifestyles that derive from it. The social trajectory and the shape of the dancers bodies, submitted to the angle of the subjectivity of the subject and the construction of the size of their senses, were the main references used as data base to capture the specificities of holders who constitute the small group that leaps into this profession and starts to experience dance as a work, as a methodic way of life, and to examine the factors and social conditions underlying the formation of this vocation

This investigation of risky decision making models the standard forced-choice two outcome lottery task by incorporating elements of complexity present in real-world decision making. Potential decision criteria such as current wealth and quality of life information were made available to examine the influence of time-dependent contextual cues on decision strategy selection, since previous investigations of decision making have not included specific contextual cues that would allow for people to use complex or "dynamic" decision strategies. Two studies explored simulated decision strategies requiring more or less complexity. Results suggest that strategies using dynamic, time-dependent criteria provide important advantages over simpler strategies. Also, as 'aspirations' become closer to the most likely outcome and as trajectories include a larger margin of previous experiences, there is more control over improvements to the likelihood of ending up in an extremely good place over an extremely bad place. Certain changes to the decision environment seem to affect the accuracy of dynamic decision strategies, which in turn can help or hinder their effectiveness. As a test of convergence, an empirical test was conducted to compare actual decision strategy use with simulated decision strategies. Two distinctly different decision tasks were used: one required only passive choices between two lotteries and the other required active changes to a given lottery situation. Information about lottery outcomes, current wealth, and quality of life were provided to participants to provide additional context to the decision environment. Participants seemed to be using a variety of different strategies, including strategies that focus on dynamic information. Simple risk policies were often very good at describing risk preferences, though a subset of participants were relying on a complex decision strategies. There were also systematic differences in dynamic decision strategy usage. The combination of simulations and the empirical investigation elucidate the advantages to exploring risk preferences with attention to different decision strategies in specific environments, especially including more complex or "dynamic" decision strategies.

<p>Reversing with a trailer is very difficult and many drivers hesitate to even try it. This thesis examines if active steering, particularly AFS (Active Front Steering), can be used to provide assistance.</p><p>For analysis and controller design a simple geometric model of car and trailer is used. The model seems to be accurate enough at the low speeds relevant for trailer reversing. It is shown that the only trailer dependent model parameter can be estimated while driving. This enables use with different trailers.</p><p>Different schemes to control the system are tested. The main approach is to use the steering wheel as reference for some appropriate output signal, for example the angle between car and trailer. This makes reversing with a trailer more like reversing without a trailer. To turn left, the driver simply turns the steering wheel left and drives. Test driving, as well as theoretical analysis, shows that the resulting system is stable. Of the eight drivers that have tested this type of control, five found it to be a great advantage while two considered it more confusing than helpful.</p><p>A major problem with this control approach has to do with the way AFS is constructed. With AFS, the torque required to turn the front wheels results in a reaction torque in the steering wheel. Together with the reference tracking controllers, this makes the steering wheel unstable. Theoretical analysis implies that this problem has to be solved mechanically. One solution would be to combine AFS with electric power steering.</p><p>This thesis also presents a trajectory tracking scheme to autonomously reverse with a trailer. Starting from the current trailer position and the desired trajectory an appropriate turning radius for the trailer is decided. Within certain limits, this will stabilize the car as well. The desired trajectory can be programmed beforehand, but it can also be saved while driving forward. Both variants have been tested with good results.</p>

Largely driven by advances in communication and information technology, such as the increasing availability and accuracy of GPS technology and the miniaturization of wireless communication devices, Location–Based Services (LBS) are continuously gaining popularity. Innovative LBSes integrate knowledge about the users into the service. Such knowledge can be derived by analyzing the location data of users. Such data contain two unique dimensions, space and time, which need to be analyzed. The objectives of this thesis are three–fold. First, to extend popular data mining methods to the spatio–temporal domain. Second, to demonstrate the usefulness of the extended methods and the derived knowledge in two promising LBS examples. Finally, to eliminate privacy concerns in connection with spatio–temporal data mining by devising systems for privacy–preserving location data collection and mining.   To this extent, Chapter 2 presents a general methodology, pivoting, to extend a popular data mining method, namely rule mining, to the spatio–temporal domain. By considering the characteristics of a number of real–world data sources, Chapter 2 also derives a taxonomy of spatio–temporal data, and demonstrates the usefulness of the rules that the extended spatio–temporal rule mining method can discover. In Chapter 4 the proposed spatio–temporal extension is applied to find long, sharable patterns in trajectories of moving objects. Empirical evaluations show that the extended method and its variants, using high–level SQL implementations, are effective tools for analyzing trajectories of moving objects. Real–world trajectory data about a large population of objects moving over extended periods within a limited geographical space is difficult to obtain. To aid the development in spatio–temporal data management and data mining, Chapter 3 develops a Spatio–Temporal ACTivity Simulator (ST–ACTS). ST–ACTS uses a number of real–world geo–statistical data sources and intuitive principles to effectively generate realistic spatio–temporal activities of mobile users.   Chapter 5 proposes an LBS in the transportation domain, namely cab–sharing. To deliver an effective service, a unique spatio–temporal grouping algorithm is presented and implemented as a sequence of SQL statements. Chapter 6 identifies ascalability bottleneck in the grouping algorithm. To eliminate the bottleneck, the chapter expresses the grouping algorithm as a continuous stream query in a data stream management system, and then devises simple but effective spatio–temporal partitioning methods for streams to parallelize the computation. Experimental results show that parallelization through adaptive partitioning methods leads to speed–ups of orders of magnitude without significantly effecting the quality of the grouping. Spatio–temporal stream partitioning is expected to be an effective method to scale computation–intensive spatial queries and spatial analysis methods for streams.   Location–Based Advertising (LBA), the delivery of relevant commercial information to mobile consumers, is considered to be one of the most promising business opportunities amongst LBSes. To this extent, Chapter 7 describes an LBA framework and an LBA database that can be used for the management of mobile ads. Using a simulated but realistic mobile consumer population and a set of mobile ads, the LBA database is used to estimate the capacity of the mobile advertising channel. The estimates show that the channel capacity is extremely large, which is evidence for a strong business case, but it also necessitates adequate user controls.   When data about users is collected and analyzed, privacy naturally becomes a concern. To eliminate the concerns, Chapter 8 first presents a grid–based framework in which location data is anonymized through spatio–temporal generalization, and then proposes a system for collecting and mining anonymous location data. Experimental results show that the privacy–preserving data mining component discovers patterns that, while probabilistic, are accurate enough to be useful for many LBSes.   To eliminate any uncertainty in the mining results, Chapter 9 proposes a system for collecting exact trajectories of moving objects in a privacy–preserving manner. In the proposed system there are no trusted components and anonymization is performed by the clients in a P2P network via data cloaking and data swapping. Realistic simulations show that under reasonable conditions and privacy/anonymity settings the proposed system is effective. / QC 20120215

In order for a mobile robot to complete its task it must be able to plan and follow a trajectory. Depending on the environment, it may also be necessary to follow a given velocity profile. This is known as temporal planning. Temporal planning can be used to minimize time of motion and to avoid moving obstacles. For example, assuming the mobile robot is an intelligent wheelchair, it must follow a prescribed path (sidewalk, hospital corridor) while following a strict speed limit (slowing down for pedestrians, cars). Computing a realistic velocity profile for a mobile robot is a challenging task due to a large number of kinematic and dynamic constraints that are involved. Unlike prior works which performed temporal planning in a 2-dimensional environment, this thesis presents a new temporal planning algorithm in a 3-dimensional environment. This algorithm is implemented on a wheeled mobile robot that is to be used in a healthcare setting. The path planning stage is accomplished by using cubic spline functions. A rudimentary trajectory is created by assigning an arbitrary time to each segment of the path. This trajectory is made feasible by applying a number of constraints and using a linear scaling technique. When a velocity profile is provided, a non-linear time scaling technique is used to fit the robots center linear velocity to the specified velocity. A method for avoiding moving obstacles is also implemented. Both simulation and experimental results for the wheeled mobile robot are presented. These results show good agreement with each other. For both simulation and experimentation, six different examples of paths in the Engineering Building of the University of Saskatchewan, were used. Experiments were performed using the PowerBot mobile robot in the robotics lab at the University of Saskatchewan.

Dental caries in the primary dentition is a risk factor for dental caries in the permanent dentition. The aim of this pilot project was to establish if high levels of dental caries very early in life translate into increased levels of dental caries in adulthood. Our objective was to determine the mean DMFT score of individuals with a history of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and compare it with the mean DMFT score of individuals who were caries-free in the primary dentition. The results of our analyses indicate that adults who experienced S-ECC manifest significantly higher levels of dental caries in their adulthood. The best predictor for dental caries in adulthood was caries experience in primary dentition. This preliminary study, the first of its kind, suggests that early childhood caries might indeed be associated with dental caries in adulthood.

Dental caries in the primary dentition is a risk factor for dental caries in the permanent dentition. The aim of this pilot project was to establish if high levels of dental caries very early in life translate into increased levels of dental caries in adulthood. Our objective was to determine the mean DMFT score of individuals with a history of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and compare it with the mean DMFT score of individuals who were caries-free in the primary dentition. The results of our analyses indicate that adults who experienced S-ECC manifest significantly higher levels of dental caries in their adulthood. The best predictor for dental caries in adulthood was caries experience in primary dentition. This preliminary study, the first of its kind, suggests that early childhood caries might indeed be associated with dental caries in adulthood.

This study investigated the crop density in a New Holland BB960 (branch of CNH Global N.V.) large square baler as examined by crop trajectory from the precompression room to the bale chamber. This study also examined both the top and bottom plunger pressures and critical factors affecting the final top and bottom bale densities.<p>The crop trajectories (wad of crop) were measured using a high-speed camera from the side of the baler through viewing windows. The viewing windows were divided into four regions for determining the crop displacement, velocity and acceleration. Crop strain was used to evaluate the potential change in density of the crop before being compressed by the plunger. Generally, the vertical crop strain was found to be higher in the top half of the bale compared to the bottom. <p>Average strain values for side measurements were 12.8% for the top and 2.1% for the bottom. Plunger pressures were measured to compare peak pressures between the top and bottom halves of each compressed wad of crop, and to develop pressure profiles based on the plungers position. Results of comparing the mean peak plunger pressures between the top and bottom locations indicated the mean pressures were significantly higher at the top location with the exception of one particular setting. Resulting pressure profile graphs aided in qualitatively describing the compression process for both top and bottom locations.<p>A stepwise regression model was developed to examine the difference in material quantity in the top half of the bale compared to the bottom, based on bale weights. The model indicated that flake setting, stuffer ratio and number of flakes had the greatest effect on maintaining consistent bale density by comparing top to bottom halves of each bale. The R2 (coefficient of determination) value for the developed model was of 59.9%. The R2 was low although could be accounted for due to the limited number of data points in the developed model.

No description available.