A presente pesquisa, de caráter descritivo-exploratório, trata dos processos de gestão de viagens corporativas utilizados pelas empresas no Brasil. Foi efetuado um levantamento em dez empresas nacionais e multinacionais com presença no território brasileiro, que possuem uma área ou um profissional dedicado à atividade de administração das viagens efetuadas por seus funcionários ou prepostos em função de uma necessidade do negócio. Os processos foram mapeados e analisados sobre a ótica da propriedade de seus diversos componentes e sobre a participação de organizações externas à empresa na gestão dessas viagens corporativas. Evidenciou-se a existência de quatro modelos distintos de gestão, todos presentes no mercado brasileiro. Os modelos denominados comprador-gestor e apoio-serviços utilizam-se de recursos externos para gestão, diferindo entre si pela propriedade dos processos, no primeiro caso residentes nas áreas de compras e no segundo nas áreas de serviços. Os dois outros modelos propostos, autogestão e autosserviços, tem baixo grau de utilização de serviços de terceiros, e se diferenciam pela propriedade dos processos de gestão de viagens corporativas, no primeiro caso uma predominância de processos proprietários em compras e, no segundo, uma predominância de propriedade nas áreas de serviços. A influência da participação dos profissionais nas associações do mercado nos diferentes mapas também é discutida. São apresentadas também algumas variantes encontradas no mercado. A questão da desintermediação na venda dos serviços turísticos nesse mercado, e os efeitos que esse fenômeno causa na forma com que as empresas organizam seus processos de gestão de viagens corporativas também fazem parte desse estudo. O papel das Travel Management Companies (TMCs) nos processos de gestão de viagens é investigado. Observa-se e discute-se a entrada de algumas novas categorias de empresas nesse mercado, são avaliados o papel de cada uma e as possíveis implicações no desenho dos processos de gestão de viagens corporativas / This descriptive-exploratory research focus on the processes of corporate travel management used by companies in Brazil. Ten companies (Brazilian and multinational companies with branches in Brazil) were part of the study. All those organizations have an area or a professional dedicated to the activity of administration of the travels made by their employees or agents to fulfill a business need. The processes were mapped and analyzed on the optics of the ownership of its components and on the participation of external parts in the management of these corporate trips. It was evidenced the existence of four distinct models of management, all present in the Brazilian market. The buyer-manager model and the support-service models use many external resources on their management processes, and differs from each other as the first one shows the travel management processes mainly under ownership of the procurement areas as the second has most of the process under a service provider area. The other two proposed models, auto-management and auto-service have most of the processes being executed within the companies. The auto-management model with the travel management processes being owned by the procurement area and the second having a service area as main owner of the processes. The influence of the participation of the professionals in the market associations in the different maps is also discussed. Also presented are some variants found in the market. The issue of disintermediation in sales of tourist services in this market, and the effects that this phenomenon causes on the way companies organize their corporate travel management processes are also part of this study. The role of Travel Management Companies (TMCs) in travel management processes is also investigated. One of the main findings of the study was the participation of some new categories of companies in this market, the role of each one of those new players and the possible implications in the design of the corporate travel management processes is also discussed

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 110-112.

Over the course of the long nineteenth century, American Christianity changed dramatically, leaving lasting imprints on how families lived, worked, played, and prayed. As America’s prolific “first family,” the Adamses of Massachusetts were key interpreters of the place of religion within a rapidly changing American republic facing denominational turf wars, anti-Catholic violence, a burgeoning market economy, Civil War, shifting gender roles, and the collapse of providentialism. Constant globe-trotters who documented their cultural travels, the Adamses developed a cosmopolitan Christianity that blended discovery and criticism, faith and doubt. Claiming Puritan ancestry and the supremacy of a Unitarian covenant with God, the family was unusually forthright in exploring a subject as personal and provocative as faith. This dissertation shows how they interpreted religious ideas and rites in America over three centuries of civic service. I argue that the Adamses’ cosmopolitan encounters led them to become leading lay critics of New England religion, even as they marshaled Christian rhetoric to sustain American democracy. While scholars of American religion have relied on “fringe” groups to explain the growth and democratization of American Christianity, little has been studied of seekers like the Adamses, transnational agents of American thought and culture who sought avidly among other faiths yet chose to stay within the mainline fold. My study offers a new perspective on the political dynasty, by mapping the religious journeys of Americans who looked for God in eclectic places and then made their return, greatly changed, to the family pew.

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1978. / Bibliography: leaf 20. / by Peter E. Clay. / B.S.

As globalization rises, international experiences are increasingly valued by individuals and organizations. It is commonly assumed that international experiences are conducive to leadership, yet little empirical research has tested this assumption. This omission is critical for several important reasons. First, international experiences are costly. Second, many repatriates actually report that international experiences had a negative impact on their leadership careers. To understand the effects of international experiences on leadership, my dissertation theoretically distinguishes between leadership effectiveness and leadership selection. I theorize that international experiences can increase an individual's leadership effectiveness; I refer to this phenomenon as the global leader effect. At the same time, however, I theorize that international experiences can decrease an individual's likelihood of being selected as a leader by his/her national in-group members; I refer to this phenomenon as the cultural outsider effect. In other words, the same international experiences that make an individual a global leader may also render him/her a cultural outsider in the eyes of national in-group members. Using different populations (e.g., MBA students, current employees, soccer managers) and mixed methods (e.g., field survey, archival panel, lab experiment), my dissertation explores the divergent effects of international experiences on leadership effectiveness vs. leadership selection-that is, the global leader effect vs. the cultural outsider effect. To examine the global leader effect, I conducted four studies. Using MBA and field surveys, Studies 1 and 2 found that individuals with broader international experiences were rated as more competent communicators and more effective leaders. Study 3 established that communication competence is considered more important for leading multinational teams than for leading mono-national teams. Analyzing a 25-year archival panel of soccer managers, Study 4 not only replicated the global leader effect using an objective measure of leadership effectiveness (team performance), but also mitigated endogeneity concerns via instrumental variable analysis. Moreover, Study 4 demonstrated that the global leader effect was moderated by team national diversity: Soccer managers with broader international experiences were particularly effective when leading more (vs. less) multinational teams. To examine the cultural outsider effect, I conducted a leader selection survey on a cohort of entering MBA students (Study 5) and a lab experiment (Study 6). Results revealed that the longer a person had lived abroad, the less likely he/she was selected as a leader by national in-group members because they perceived him/her as less similar to themselves. These studies suggest that the repatriation challenge is not simply a personal matter of the repatriates, but rather an interpersonal process that may require organization-based solutions. By simultaneously identifying an upside of international experiences for leadership effectiveness but a downside for leadership selection, the present research offers important theoretical contributions and practical implications for leadership, culture, diversity, teams, human resources, and international management in an increasingly globalized world.

This thesis aims to develop an intermodal surf travel writing through the exploration of, and engagement with, Haïti’s coastline. Actor-network-theory (ANT) provides the methodological and theoretical framework to explore and explain how the key topics - surf, travel (Haïti) and writing - are brought into productive conversation through translation across persons, artefacts and ideas as an expanding network. Fieldwork is structured and informed by postmodern ethnography as the primary research method of ANT approaches. The entire coastline of Haïti is explored through four research trips, where potential surfing locations are mapped, bringing together my practices as writer, traveller and surfer, theorised through ANT. Engagement with Haïti operates at two levels: the macro level is the rhythm and cycle of anabasis (moving from coast to interior) and katabasis (interior to coast); and the micro level is the activity of surfing and mapping of surf breaks, offering tropes for writing with surfing in mind. The resultant intermodal writing is also a means though which Haïti is both represented and celebrated. The core areas of study - surf, travel (Haïti) and writing - afford equal status (in correspondence with the methodological framework of ANT), as do the roles of geography, ethnography and writing. My holistic approach to research and writing is guided by the literal definition of both geography (‘writing out the earth’) and ethnography (‘writing out culture’). Both the practice based and discursive elements of the thesis also claim equal status. This research attempts to contribute original work to the subgenre of surf travel writing and its critical discourses, and writing on Haïti - each activity drawing on (and making particular contributions to) geography, and an ethnography that explicitly aims to ‘write out’ and celebrate Haïti’s coastscape (coastal landscape, seascape and culture).

To, Tin Wei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-202). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xviii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction and background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Tourism in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Sustainable tourism development in the Hong Kong context --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Tourism cluster --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Conceptual framework --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research significance --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of thesis --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Concept of Sustainable Tourism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Development and definition of Sustainable Tourism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Principles of Sustainable Tourism --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Methods of Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Indicators of Sustainable Tourism --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Carrying Capacity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Other technical measures for Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- Perception study in Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Clustering of tourism resources --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Tourism cluster --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Advantages of the formation of tourism cluster --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- The role of clustering of tourism resource in Sustainable Tourism development --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Situation of Hong Kong --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Trend and implementation of Sustainable Tourism in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Clustering of tourism resource in Hong Kong --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Tourism study conducted on Lantau Island --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDY AREA --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Inventory of Lantau Island --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Resources and attractions --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Capital --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Policies and planning --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Ngong Ping tourism cluster --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Tourist attractions --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Po Lin Monastery --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- The Big Buddha --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Ngong Ping 360 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Wisdom Path --- p.71 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1 --- Tourism Rapid Assessment (TRA) --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Hierarchical structure of tourism resources inventory of Lantau Island --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- Interviews and questionnaire survey --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Structured interview with stakeholders --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Sample selection --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.2.1 --- SWOT analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.1.2.2 --- In-depth open-ended interview --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Data analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.1 --- Informal content analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Structured questionnaire survey with tourists --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Sample selection --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Data analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Structured interviews with local community --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Sample selection --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- Perception of stakeholders as the basis for assessment --- p.87 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- UNDERSTANDING LANTAU ISLAND AND TOURISM CLUSTER FROM STAKEHOLDERS' PERSPECTIVE --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1 --- Results of SWOT analysis from stakeholders' perspective --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Strengths --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Weaknesses --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Opportunities --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Threats --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- Understanding Sustainable Tourism and tourism cluster by stakeholders --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- "General attitudes about ""Sustainable Tourism""" --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Tourism policies and development of Hong Kong and Lantau Island --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Tourism cluster on Lantau Island --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Performance of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.106 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- ATTRACTIONS AND PERCEPTION OF NGONG PING TOURISM CLUSTER --- p.110 / Chapter 6.1 --- Results of questionnaire survey with tourists --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2 --- Perception and satisfaction of tourists in Ngong Ping tourism cluster --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3 --- Understanding Sustainable Tourism --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Performance of tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.122 / Chapter 6.3.1.1 --- Environmental aspect --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3.1.2 --- Socio-cultural aspect --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.1.3 --- Economic aspect --- p.126 / Chapter 6.4 --- Investigation from the local community perspective --- p.127 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Impacts of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4.1.1 --- Environmental impacts --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.1.2 --- Socio-cultural impacts --- p.132 / Chapter 6.4.1.3 --- Economic impacts --- p.134 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- DISCUSSIONS - DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ON LANTAU ISLAND --- p.135 / Chapter 7.1 --- Review of tourism policies in Hong Kong and Lantau Island --- p.135 / Chapter 7.2 --- Interests of respondents --- p.140 / Chapter 7.3 --- Meaning and Conceptualization of Sustainable Tourism --- p.142 / Chapter 7.4 --- Potentials and limitations of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.144 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Potentials of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.145 / Chapter 7.4.1.1 --- Natural and cultural resources with diversified attractions --- p.145 / Chapter 7.4.1.2 --- Improved transport networks --- p.146 / Chapter 7.4.1.3 --- Availability of trails --- p.146 / Chapter 7.4.1.4 --- Distinct location: rural destination for leisure --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.5 --- Environmental initiative of The Ngong Ping 360 Project --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.6 --- Nature Conservation Policy --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.7 --- Benefits of tourism clustering for sustainability --- p.148 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Limitations of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.149 / Chapter 7.4.2.1 --- Lack of long term vision and holistic planning --- p.149 / Chapter 7.4.2.2 --- Absence of guidelines and regulation for the implementation of Sustainable Tourism practices --- p.150 / Chapter 7.4.2.3 --- Lack of awareness and promotion of Sustainable Tourism --- p.151 / Chapter 7.4.2.4 --- Lack of local community participation --- p.152 / Chapter 7.4.2.5 --- Economic oriented development with many purposely- built artificial attractions --- p.153 / Chapter 7.4.2.6 --- Did not utilize the benefits of tourism clustering --- p.153 / Chapter 7.5 --- Performance of tourism cluster in Ngong Ping in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.155 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- Protection of the destination's resources attractions --- p.155 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- Visitor satisfaction with their experience --- p.156 / Chapter 7.5.3 --- Residents assessment on tourism development --- p.157 / Chapter 7.5.4 --- Return on investment --- p.158 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- CONCLUSION --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Concept of Sustainable Tourism --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- SWOT of Lantau Island --- p.163 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Performance of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.165 / Chapter 8.2 --- Strategy and recommendations for Sustainable Tourism Development --- p.166 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Establishment of vision and principles for Sustainable Tourism development with holistic planning --- p.167 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- "Reach consensus, set clear vision with all-inclusive planning" --- p.167 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Conservation of natural environment as the primary principle --- p.170 / Chapter 8.2.1.3 --- Involvement of all stakeholders through consultation --- p.171 / Chapter 8.2.1.4 --- Using research and baseline information --- p.172 / Chapter 8.2.1.5 --- Sustainable Tourism implementation and monitoring --- p.174 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Promotion of tourism clustering --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Enhance the attractiveness of destinations --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Enhancing sustainability by tourism clustering --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Utilization of existing resources and encouraging local participation --- p.176 / Chapter 8.2.3.1 --- Make use of existing assets instead of constructing artificial attractions --- p.176 / Chapter 8.2.3.2 --- Encourage more local communities' participation --- p.177 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- "Education, training and provision of sufficient supporting facilities" --- p.178 / Chapter 8.2.4.1 --- Increase awareness on the importance of Sustainable Tourism development --- p.178 / Chapter 8.2.4.2 --- Provision of tour guides and staff training --- p.179 / Chapter 8.2.4.3 --- Provision of sufficient supporting infrastructures and facilities --- p.180 / Chapter 8.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.181 / Chapter 8.4 --- Recommendations for further studies --- p.183 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.185 / APPENDICES --- p.203

Abstract The goal of this paper is to provide insight into the development and execution of the short film, Timelocked. I will focus on the complete process of the film’s creation, from the first inspiration of the idea through its planning, its production and, finally, its use beyond submission to my thesis committee for consideration. The most significant challenge for this project was remaining true to the story’s genre, tone, and theme throughout each iteration of its development. Therefore, the structure of the paper will serve to describe the entire process with respect to the preservation of these three aspects. My goal is to prove mastery in the fine art of film production by creating a film which effectively shows deep understanding of the time-travel sub-genre of science-fiction films, while subverting that sub-genre in a unique way, causing an emotional effect in the audience.

<p>This thesis examines one of the most fraught and distorted relationships—the association between the United States and Iran. Contemporarily, most scholars and professionals associated with this connection evaluate the relationship in terms of politics, religion, power, and national security. Far fewer, however, evaluate it from its roots—the cultures, relationships, and dependencies that ultimately produced the prickly relationship of these two countries today. This thesis utilizes American authored travel narratives from 1921- 1941, written primarily by recreational travelers, to contradict American contemporary and paternalistic views of the relationship with Iran. This thesis posits that a nascent and unsure America depended on a pre-modern Iran to ease her into an impending modern existence.</p>

[No abstract included]