No description available.

Class of 2009 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To determine the likelihood of pharmacists in England of reporting adverse drug reactions (ADR), whether they are aware of the reporting processes, and what they believe the reasons for not reporting may be. METHODS: A survey containing five different scenarios of ADRs was distributed to licensed, community pharmacists around Surrey, England. The responses were analyzed using rates and chi-square. RESULTS: A total of 47 surveys were returned to the researcher. Of those, 72% of the participants were likely to report the adverse drug reaction in the scenarios provided. In addition, 87.5% of the pharmacists were familiar with the reporting procedures in place in the United Kingdom. A total of 51.9% were not able to distinguish between a major and minor adverse reaction. Finally, with a X2 value of 0.070, there was not a significant difference between males and females and the likelihood of reporting these errors (p=0.79). Similarly, there was no significant difference between the likelihood of reporting an event involving a pediatric patient vs. an adult patient with a X2 value of 0.275 (p=0.599). CONCLUSIONS: Most pharmacists were aware of the procedures involved in reporting ADRs in the United Kingdom and were likely to report these ADRs. Additionally, the most common reason predicted for not reporting was due to the lack of time pharmacists have to report these events. Regardless of gender, male and female pharmacists were equally likely to report ADRs.

No description available.

No description available.

No

Since coming to power in 1997 the Labour government of the United Kingdom(U.K.) has renovated the diplomatic system so that the planning of commercial diplomacy has been centralized, the commercial activities of diplomats have been extended, and business interests have been formally integrated within the diplomatic systems. The changes to the institutions and practice of U.K. diplomacy now under way have created a diplomatic practice in which the balance between the commercial and political elements of commercial work has swung very much in favor of the former.

Spiritual Abuse (S.A.) is a largely hidden and little understood form of abuse. Currently work in the area of S.A. is predominantly American and written by those in positions of power such as church ministers. There is a paucity of work in the UK in this area and a complete absent of research based upon survivors own stories of the experience of S.A.

The care of the blind is a long standing British tradition. Until the early years of the 20th century there was a strong dependence on voluntary enterprise. However, under the 1920 Blind Persons Act local authorities assumed responsibility for the welfare of the blind in their areas, and after this a triple partnership between voluntary organisations, central government and local authorities became firmly established. By the mid-20th century, through a combination of voluntary and statutory endeavour, services for the welfare of the blind had reached a standard above that for any other handicapped group. The cornerstone of the service was the home teacher. However, following the Seebohm Report, in 1971 the blind welfare system virtually lost its specialist service, and technical and mobility officers, along with generic social workers, became responsible for blind welfare. Services declined in many areas. More and better trained specialist workers are required. Social rehabilitation services could also be improved. However, the Royal National Institute for the Blind's new development programme will help to improve the many services for which it is responsible. The blind could be helped in several other ways. The majority of blind people are elderly and doctors and others should use an outreach approach to help these people. Often simple modifications in home lighting can dramatically improve visual performance. The majority of the partially sighted with acuity in the range 3/ 60 - 6/ 60 should be redesignated registered blind. In this way more of them could be helped by the specialist organisations. Currently the blind do not receive a pension and a blindness allowance should be introduced to compensate them for the extra costs of blindness. The Thatcher Government's social security reforms will not help the blind substantially. It is essential that the blind are integrated into society, and a comprehensive programme of integrated education and a strengthened employment quota would help to achieve this. These are important components of a progressive social policy for the blind.

Having identified a gap in counselling psychology literature, this study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of Greek-Cypriot refugees of 1974 living in the UK as well as second generation Greek-Cypriot individuals who either have one or two refugee parents. The phenomenological lived experiences of the events of 1974 in Cyprus were explored in relation to Greek-Cypriot refugees with particular emphasis on their experiences of psychological support systems and what it meant to be a refugee living in the UK. The second part of the thesis explored the lived experiences of second generation Greek-Cypriots with one or both refugee parents. A consideration of the impact on identity and experience of upbringing in the UK was explored. Eight London based Greek-Cypriots were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Two study groups were generated consisting of three refugees and five second generation. Data were analysed using Jonathan A. Smith’s (2008) method of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The epistemological standpoint of a social constructivist approach was adopted. The findings from group A captured three superordinate themes: a) the other side of loss; b) memories are made of this and c) the internal self-soother with six subordinate themes generated. The findings from group B captured four superordinate themes: a) the present consequences of a past event; b) absorption vs. transmission; c) an identity grounded in the past and present and d) resilience with eight subordinate themes generated. The subordinate themes for both groups are discussed in relation to their specific superordinate theme. The phenomenological findings are discussed in relation to existing literature with implications and recommendations for counselling psychology. The limitations of the thesis are discussed along with recommendations for further research.

No description available.