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This study was concerned with the sources of variation in the attitudes of manual workers toward social class and related matters. A review of the literature suggested that, for workers to adopt a perspective that challenges the existing distribution of rewards and privileges in society, they have to be involved in a series of relationships, in work and in the wider community, that create barriers to the influence of the values of dominant groups in society. Evidence from studies in several societies suggests that involvement in predominantly working-class milieux, at work, in the community, and in kinship and friendship networks, leads to the worker adopting a perspective that is "deviant" from the dominant value system. Exposure to the influence ) of people from other classes, on the other hand, 'Would weaken the' barriers and increase the likelihood that the worker would adopt a perspective akin to that of groups higher in the social hierarchy. This study involved the application of the perspective outlined above to differences in the attitudes of manual workers in four Ontario communities. A questionnaire survey was administered in the four committees, which were selected because, in terms of class structure, they differed from each other in ways that were believed to be associated -with differences in working-class attitudes. The indicators of class attitudes examined in this thesis are class identification, choice of models describing the bases of the stratification system, an index of militancy, and support for the New Democratic Party. Residence in a predominantly working-class community was expected to influence the worker to adopt a "deviant" set of attitudes. But community differences in class identification and choice of class models among workers did not follow the expected pattern. Militancy and support for the NDP were found to be related to differences in the class compositions of the conm.mities studied, but, over-all, community differences were not as large as evidence from studies in other societies would lead one to expect. It was argued that the extensive geographical mobility among workers, and the ethnic diversity in three of the comm.mities, attenuated sanewhat the effect that differences in canmunity class stnicture were expected to have on workers' attitudes. Elements in the work situation did, however, show a more substantial relationship with differences in workers' attitudes. Membership in a trade union was found to be the most consistently strong influence on the workers' adoption of "deviant" attitudes. White-collar kinship and friendship affiliations, on the other hand, particularly marriage to a woman who had, at one time or another, been employed in white-collar work, were found to be related to the worker adopting attitudes more similar to those held by people higher in the social hierarchy. It was argued that the barriers to the influence of the dominant culture are nrutua.lly reinforcing, so that removal of one weakens the power of the others. Geographical mobility among workers, combined with ethnic and religious diversity, were seen as weakening even the solidarity ties that might exist in a community predominantly working-class in social composition. And the large number of workers who-were married to women with experience of non-manual work was seen as a further factor weakening the barriers to the influence of the dominant atlture. It was argued that, even though the trade union appears to be the most effective barrier to the dominant culture, the absence of other strung barriers lessens the power the union has to provide a set of alternative definitions of social reality for workers. It was concluded that the weakness of the barriers to the influence of the dominant culture may be suggested as one reason why Ontario workers do not provide the kind of support to the New Detoocratic Party that is provided to parties of the left by workers in other western societies. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The island of Mauritius is situated in the south-western Indian Ocean between 19°591, 20°321 south latitude and 57°18 1 , 57° 49 1 east longitude. The nearest landmass of any considerable extent is Madagascar which Iies some 900 km due west of Mauritius; but there are a number of islands and islets in the vicinity, notably Reunion, Rodrigues and the Cargados Carajos, which together with Mauritius constitute the archipelago of the Mascarenes.

ABSTRACT How as a new worker could I have become better prepared by my education for child welfare work? What have other new workers experienced through their education that helped prepare them or hindered them? Lastly what are some creative ideas to better prepare new workers, specifically social workers, for the reality of working in child protection? These questions formed the focus of this study, which includes a literature review on new worker readiness and findings from qualitative interviews with new workers which utilizes an insider perspective towards data analysis. The participants in this research had varying experiences as new workers, however similar themes emerged. New workers struggled with power and experienced feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. New workers had difficulty transferring theoretical knowledge from their education into practice and did not feel prepared for the reality of child welfare work. Participants also described how they internalized conflict and the stress of the job. They suggested ways of coping including supportive supervision and a collaborative team environment. Increasing new workers’ confidence was also seen as key to prepare new workers for a child protection position. This research was conducted through a partnership with my fellow MSW researcher Julie Huynh-Lauesen, who coauthored the literature review and conducted a similar, yet separate research study with child welfare managers. Both studies were then compared and contrasted for discussion and future purposes. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Thesis (M.B.A.)—Boston University

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Community Health Workers (CHW) are trusted frontline members of the public health workforce with a unique understanding of the communities they serve. CHW interventions have been shown effective and economical in improving certain health outcomes, including diabetes-related complications and self-management. The ability of CHWs to relate to patients in a culturally appropriate manner positions them to better address social determinants of health and inequities than many allied health professionals. State-level CHW legislation varies by jurisdiction and can direct CHW processes including definitions, funding, and scope of practice. The Diabetes Project – Indianapolis Neighborhoods (DIP-IN) intervention employs clinic-based CHWs to work with high-risk patients with diabetes in three Indianapolis communities with disproportionately high diabetes prevalence rates. DIP-IN CHWs are based in select Eskenazi Health Federally Qualified Health Centers and deliver services to patients primarily through home visits or phone calls. This dissertation examines CHW policies and the impact of the DIP-IN CHW intervention on patient outcomes in relation to a comparison group. This dissertation includes three studies 1) a state-level policy surveillance exploring legislation that includes best practices for CHW policy, 2) a study using a difference-in-difference approach through the application of generalized linear mixed models to estimate the effect of DIP-IN on A1C and hospital outcomes, and 3) a study using multivariat regression and negative binomial modeling to estimate the impact of DIP-IN on COVID-19 hospitalization and length of stay. As financing influences duration and application of CHW interventions, this dissertation aims to explore the landscape over time of CHW legislation and evaluate a privately funded CHW program model intended to improve health outcome among high-risk patients with diabetes. It also aims to strengthen the knowledge base for CHW involvement in improving clinical-community linkages to support diabetes management. / 2024-07-03

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