<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de målchanser som skapades under cupspelet i VM 2006 och analysera vilka som var mest effektiva, d.v.s. oftast resulterade i mål och varför.</p><p>För att besvara syftet användes följande frågeställning:</p><p>• Vilka typer av målchanser leder oftast till mål och är därmed mest effektiva?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Studiens datainsamlingsmetod har varit observation av 16 fotbollsmatcher från världsmästerskapen i fotboll 2006. Matcherna är inspelade på DVD från SVT:s och TV4:s TV-sändningar. Varje målchans har analyserats och kategoriserats och förts in i ett analysschema bestående av tio kategorier. Exempel på kategorier är försvarsmisstag (målchans som uppkommer efter misstag från det försvarande laget), individuell prestation (spelare som skapar en målchans på egen hand) och fast situation (målchans som uppkommer efter hörnspark, frispark, indirekt frispark, straffspark eller inkast.).</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Totalt skapades 366 målchanser varav 31 ledde till mål. Den målchans som oftast gav mål procentuellt sett var försvarsmisstag med 20 %. Individuell prestation gav mål i 14 % av fallen och fast situation 13 %.</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>De slutsatser som går att dra av studien är att försvarsmisstag, individuell prestation och fast situation, oftast leder till flest mål procentuellt räknat. Dessa typer av målchanser är därmed de mest effektiva.</p>

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de målchanser som skapades under cupspelet i VM 2006 och analysera vilka som var mest effektiva, d.v.s. oftast resulterade i mål och varför. För att besvara syftet användes följande frågeställning: • Vilka typer av målchanser leder oftast till mål och är därmed mest effektiva? Metod Studiens datainsamlingsmetod har varit observation av 16 fotbollsmatcher från världsmästerskapen i fotboll 2006. Matcherna är inspelade på DVD från SVT:s och TV4:s TV-sändningar. Varje målchans har analyserats och kategoriserats och förts in i ett analysschema bestående av tio kategorier. Exempel på kategorier är försvarsmisstag (målchans som uppkommer efter misstag från det försvarande laget), individuell prestation (spelare som skapar en målchans på egen hand) och fast situation (målchans som uppkommer efter hörnspark, frispark, indirekt frispark, straffspark eller inkast.). Resultat Totalt skapades 366 målchanser varav 31 ledde till mål. Den målchans som oftast gav mål procentuellt sett var försvarsmisstag med 20 %. Individuell prestation gav mål i 14 % av fallen och fast situation 13 %. Slutsats De slutsatser som går att dra av studien är att försvarsmisstag, individuell prestation och fast situation, oftast leder till flest mål procentuellt räknat. Dessa typer av målchanser är därmed de mest effektiva.

Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Abstract in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

In 2010, South Africa became the first country on the continent of Africa to host a World Cup. This thesis analyzes aspects of the planning process for this mega-event. My analysis focuses on three interrelated phenomena: public order policing and re-branding through the control of public space; policy transfer and the attempt to clone the 'world-class' city in South Africa; and, the influence of consciously planning for an external television audience on the uneven geographies and temporalities of the mega-event. First, in analyzing the processes of public order policing and its connection to city branding in Durban, South Africa during the World Cup, I trace three mechanisms: the regulation of nuisance behaviors, the restriction of social movement activities, and the introduction of welcome ambassadors. I argue that this policing strategy reveals what city planners believe to be appropriate uses of public space as well as a future vision of the city. Second, using “cultural cloning” as a metaphor, I argue that policy mobility and the valorization of “best practices” can reinforce hegemonic conceptions of a 'world class' city that exacerbate already existing social inequalities. Such notions, also, work to foreclose on alternative visions of how a 'world class' World Cup host city might act such as those articulated in the World Class Cities for All campaign. Third, I examine how the particular medium of television works to shape urban planning, the production of space and the processes of urban knowledge production during mega-events. Such a theoretical approach necessitates closer examination of the relationship between urban planning and urban knowledge production through television. In the conclusion of my dissertation, I put my work in context of recent events and struggles that have emerged in Brazil as that country gets set to host the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Additionally, I highlight what I believe to be the key scholarly contributions of this project and outline a future research agenda that emerges from this work.

In 2010, South Africa became the first country on the continent of Africa to host a World Cup. This thesis analyzes aspects of the planning process for this mega-event. My analysis focuses on three interrelated phenomena: public order policing and re-branding through the control of public space; policy transfer and the attempt to clone the 'world-class' city in South Africa; and, the influence of consciously planning for an external television audience on the uneven geographies and temporalities of the mega-event. First, in analyzing the processes of public order policing and its connection to city branding in Durban, South Africa during the World Cup, I trace three mechanisms: the regulation of nuisance behaviors, the restriction of social movement activities, and the introduction of welcome ambassadors. I argue that this policing strategy reveals what city planners believe to be appropriate uses of public space as well as a future vision of the city. Second, using “cultural cloning” as a metaphor, I argue that policy mobility and the valorization of “best practices” can reinforce hegemonic conceptions of a 'world class' city that exacerbate already existing social inequalities. Such notions, also, work to foreclose on alternative visions of how a 'world class' World Cup host city might act such as those articulated in the World Class Cities for All campaign. Third, I examine how the particular medium of television works to shape urban planning, the production of space and the processes of urban knowledge production during mega-events. Such a theoretical approach necessitates closer examination of the relationship between urban planning and urban knowledge production through television. In the conclusion of my dissertation, I put my work in context of recent events and struggles that have emerged in Brazil as that country gets set to host the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Additionally, I highlight what I believe to be the key scholarly contributions of this project and outline a future research agenda that emerges from this work.

In 1934, four Argentine-born soccer players participated for the Italian team that won the FIFA World Cup on home soil. As children born to parents who participated in a wave of Italian immigrants that helped reshape Argentine society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, these four players were part of a larger trend where over one hundred Argentine soccer players of Italian descent were signed by Italian clubs in the late 1920s and through the 1930s. This thesis examines the liminal space between Italian and Argentine identity within the broader context of diaspora formation in Argentina through a look at these four exemplars of the transatlantic talent shift. Utilizing sources that include Italian and Argentinian newspapers and magazines, national federation documents, and census and parish records, the thesis reveals the fluidity and temporality of national identity among Italo-Argentine immigrant offspring during the early twentieth century.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000796572.pdf: 2961437 bytes, checksum: 4e9b33e85746e08c0ce39c8f280a98eb (MD5) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um estudo comparativo, por meio da análise de conteúdo, entre a comunicação veiculada pelo Portal da Copa (Site do Governo Federal Brasileiro sobre a Copa do Mundo da FIFA 2014) e pela seção de olho no cofre, mantida pelo site do UOL. O período de análise engloba os dias 01 de julho de 2012e 31 de dezembro de 2012. Partimos da hipótese de que o portal oficial da Copa divulga informações quase que invariavelmente positivas sobre o andamento dos trabalhos de organização do Mundial, omitindo, porém, outras informações que causariam impactos negativos sobre o evento, quando comparado com o conteúdo publicado na seção de olho no cofre. De um lado, o Portal da Copa, que é uma iniciativa do Poder Executivo Federal com o objetivo de facilitar o controle social dos recursos públicos que são investidos na preparação e execução dos jogos da Copa do Mundo de Futebol em 2014, opera com as ferramentas do discurso organizacional, promovendo pouco debate e otimizando-se sobre fatos importantes em suas páginas e de outro, o site do UOL, da iniciativa privada, com objetivos de esclarecimento, investigação e denúncia, típicos dos objetivos jornalísticos / This work aimed to make a comparative study, through the analysis of content between communication conveyed by Portal Cup (Site of the Brazilian Federal Government on the World Cup 2014 FIFA) and the section the eye in the safe maintaned by the UOL website. The period of analysis convers the days July 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. Hypothesized taht the oficial portal Cup discloses almost invariably positive information about the progress of the work of organizing the World Cup, however, omitting other information that would cause negative impacts on the event, when compared with the published content in the section of eye in the safe. One one side, the Portal Cup, which is an initiative of the Federal Executive Branch in order to facilitate social control of public resources that are invested in the preparation and execution of the games of the World Cup in 2014, operates with the tools organizational discourse, promoting debate and little omiting important facts about your pages and others, the site private sector, seeking clarification, investigation and reporting, typical of journalistic goals

Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires / Banca: Gilmar Mascarenhas de Jesus / Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Banca: Odaleia Telles Marcondes Machado Queiroz / Resumo: Nesta tese nós introduzimos e investigamos o conceito de território do futebol que é regido sob a hegemonia da FIFA em escala global e pelas federações e confederações em escala local. O Brasil sediará em 2014 a Copa do Mundo FIFA sendo considerado um produto inovador no território do futebol brasileiro. Os legados especialmente urbanístico, turístico e de promoção da imagem do país, têm sido fortemente utilizados na sensibilização da população quanto ao aceite dos altos valores a serem investidos com o evento. Considerando-se a inovação, a adaptação e a regulação como a tríade que impulsiona a competitividade, sendo esta última, o pilar mais frágil neste território, identificamos que este evento pouco poderá influenciar no futebol brasileiro / Abstract: In this thesis we introduce and investigate the concept of territory of football. Such territory is governed by the hegemony of FIFA on a global scale and by national associations or confederations on a local scale. In 2014 Brazil will host the FIFA World Cup which is an innovative product in the territory of Brazilian football. The legacies especially urbanistic, touristic and in promoting Brazil's image have been heavily used in raising public awareness about the acceptance of high amounts to be invested in the event. Considering the innovation, adaptation and regulation as the triad that drives competitiveness, the latter being the weakest pillar in the territory of football, we found that this event may have small influence in the Brazilian football / Doutor

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / Over the years, the history of football has been characterised by several incidents of violence and disasters. According to Helding et al. (2002:4) globally, since 1945, approximately 1,000 people are believed to have lost their lives and about 3,400 people have been injured in nearly 30 serious soccer stadium accidents. In 1989, English soccer witnessed a stampede that left around 96 people dead at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield during an FA cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham. Similar incidents in Africa occurred in Ghana in May 2001 when 126 supporters died after a stampede at Accra stadium at the end of a local league game. In South Africa, Ellis Park stadium witnessed a similar disaster on 11 April 2001, which left 43 people dead when soccer giants Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates clashed in a premier league soccer game. South Africa lost the bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games in Cape Town in favour of Athens and the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany as a result of perceived high crime rate. Whether perceived or real, issues of safety and security impact negatively on the image of a host nation. On the other hand, South Africa was selected to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup competition, despite a continued prevalence of high crime rates across the country. More effort from the Government is needed to guarantee adequate safety and security at soccer stadiums, training venues, and other areas used for public gatherings. Stakeholders that deal with safety and security, such as SAPS, Metro Police, Fire Brigade, and emergency medical services, should be deployed in such a way that they can respond quickly to emergency situations. A literature review has shown a close relationship between crime and event tourism. The crime mapping concept, which covers hot spot theory, routine activity, crime pattern approach and rational choice theory, helps in the understanding that some areas may be more affected by crime than others and that criminals' motivations can differ. Some of the most recent mega large-scale events used in the literature review includes: FIFA Soccer World Cup Competitions in Korea/Japan in 2002 and in Germany in 2006. This has provided guidance for South African organisers in terms of dealing with security issues. These examples have also provided a framework of reference on how to garner support and collaboration of national and international security agencies, which are relevant to the staging of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa. The foundation of this research considers the employees views concerning safety, security and health in Cape Town. It is envisioned that these ideas can strengthen future management decisions with regard to preparing safety, security and emergency services for major events such as the 2010 Soccer World Cup. This should not only involve taking note of security staff ideas, but also incorporating them into the grand national safety and security strategy and ensuring the full implementation of the security strategy at ground-level.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. / Research shows that Cape Town has become one of the most popular and prestigious destinations to visit and has opened its doors to minor and major events worldwide. Successful annual events that have become established in Cape Town, nationally and internationally, include events such as the Cape Town International Jazz Festival, Cape Outdoor Adventure and Travel show, Community Chest Carnival, Design Indaba, Design for Living, Homemakers Expo, Cape Argus Cycle Tour, as well as the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon and the Cape Town International Kite Festival. Venues such as the Cape Town International Convention Centre have become an international trademark and host large events such as the World Diabetes Conference. These events and venues have placed Cape Town in the world’s top ten destinations to visit. Cape Town is currently preparing for the 2010 Soccer World Cup which places much focus on Risk Management and Compliance. Risk Management concerns predictions and preventions and is described as a process of continuous improvement, which is directed towards effective management of potential opportunities and adverse effects that would impact the event. Risk management plays an important role in the planning and organising of these major events. The aim of this study has determined what the common risks were that event stakeholders within the City of Cape Town have found difficult to manage and have regularly encountered. Risk Management has become one of the most important operational domains within the Event Industry within Cape Town, as well as on a global scale. Since Cape Town has become a global player within the events arena, in terms of major events, much focus has been on risk responsibility and accountability.