The study of young adult literature has become widespread within Children’s and Young Adult Literature specifically and literary studies as a whole. However, the term “young adult” which defines and focalizes both the literature itself and the ostensible readers for whom it is produced remains a poorly-examined area. The present study examines the creation of one branch of what we now call “young adult literature” from its roots in the United States in the early twentieth century to its emergence as a dominant literary form in the mid-to-late 1960s. In doing so, it seeks to reconcile emerging professional, psychological, sociological, pedagogical, cultural, and ideological discourses concerning adolescence and young adulthood with works of fiction prepared specifically for their consumption. It also seeks to position the changing role of adolescent subjects into the larger framework of American Studies by examining how these texts reflected, tested, and reinforced dominant paradigms of thought surrounding how adolescents would become actualized American subjects. At the same time, it broaches concerns within these dominant paradigms that have been overlooked in constructing historical approaches to the development of young adult literature, and it suggests a few methodologies by which to recover these undiscussed threads.

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In this mini-dissertation, the main aim is to investigate and to describe the representation of gender identity in the four short stories in Mmualebe (A.M. Malope). It also implies developing a critique of the representation of gender identity in the four short stories of Mmualebe; comparing traditionalism and modernity with regard to the representation of gender identity; describing possible responses of the implied readers (male and female) with regard to reception aesthetics and developmental psychology; and to supply the variants and constants regarding the representation of gender identity in the four short stories of Mmualebe. In developing a critique of the representation of gender identity, some important literary techniques are used. Through these techniques, the role of the conflict between traditionalism and modernity regarding the representation of gender identity is determined. In general, it is evident that all theories used in this study, when integrated, can help with the development of a positive gender identity. Men and women need to be made aware of gender equality and equity and at the same time not to abuse their gender rights. / Thesis (M.A. (African Languages))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

In this mini-dissertation, the main aim is to investigate and to describe the representation of gender identity in the four short stories in Mmualebe (A.M. Malope). It also implies developing a critique of the representation of gender identity in the four short stories of Mmualebe; comparing traditionalism and modernity with regard to the representation of gender identity; describing possible responses of the implied readers (male and female) with regard to reception aesthetics and developmental psychology; and to supply the variants and constants regarding the representation of gender identity in the four short stories of Mmualebe. In developing a critique of the representation of gender identity, some important literary techniques are used. Through these techniques, the role of the conflict between traditionalism and modernity regarding the representation of gender identity is determined. In general, it is evident that all theories used in this study, when integrated, can help with the development of a positive gender identity. Men and women need to be made aware of gender equality and equity and at the same time not to abuse their gender rights. / Thesis (M.A. (African Languages))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

Sjuksköterskans arbete innebär att kunna ge en bra vård till människor med olika typer av etnisk bakgrund, tro och värderingar. Ätstörning är ett tillstånd av psykisk ohälsa där den drabbade har utvecklat vad som kan likna en fobi för normal kroppsvikt. Den fysiska hälsan blir också påverkad på grund av de olika metoder som den drabbade använder för viktnedgång samt på grund av näringsnedsättning. Livskvailtet är hur en människa upplever sin tillvaro och om personen känner någon mening i sitt liv. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur ungdomar och unga vuxna med ätstörningar upplever sin livskvalitet. Författaren har använt sig av 10 olika vetenskapliga artiklar som med syftet att beskriva hur tonåringar och vuxna med ätstörningar upplever sin livskvalitet. I resultatet fann forskarna att de drabbade  hade en låg livskvalitet. Vid jämförelser med människor utan ätstörningar, visade värdena att de med ätstörningar hade sämre resultat både fysiskt med framför allt psykiskt vid mätning av livskvalitet. Män och pojkar hade riskfaktorer som fysisk träning och kroppsmissnöje, medan flickor och kvinnors riskfaktorer var en önskan om smalhet, kroppsmissnöje och kroppsobjektifiering. Det visade sig även att drabbade med mycket socialt stöd hade en bättre livskvalitet än de utan socialt stöd.  Oberoende av ålder och kön, så har patienter med ätstörningar sämre livskvalitet. Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskor att hjälpa denna patientgrupp genom att våga se deras lidande på andra plan när de söker sig till vården. / The nurse's work means being able to give good care to people with different ethnic backgrounds, beliefs and values. When working with young people, the nurse was lacking the expertise to provide the right kind of support to help with mental illness, substance abuse, self-harm behavior and eating disorders. Eating disorders are a condition of mental illness in which the patient has developed what may resemble a phobia of normal body weight. Physical health is also affected because of the different methods that the victim uses for weight loss and because of loss of nutrient. Quality of life is how people perceive their existence and if the person feels they have a meaning in life. The aim of this study was to describe how adolescents and young adults with eating disorders perceive their quality of life. The author has used 10 different scientific articles which described how teenagers and adults with eating disorders perceive their quality of life. In the result, the researchers found that those affected by eating disorders had a low quality of life, age and gender didn’t matter. When compared to people without eating disorders, values ​​show that those with eating disorders had worse results both physically but primarily psychological, in tests of quality of life. Men and boys had risk factors such as physical activity and body dissatisfaction, while girls and womens risk factors were a desire for thinness, body dissatisfaction and body objectification. It was also found that sufferers with social support had a better quality of life than those without social support. The conclusion could be made that regardless of age and sex, patients with eating disorders have a poorer quality of life. It is important for nurses to help this population by daring to see their suffering on other levels when they seek out health care.

The aim of this research, Reading Selection as Information Seeking Behavior: A Case Study with Adolescent Girls, was to explore how the experience of reading fiction affects adolescent girls aged 13 through 15, and how that experience changes based upon four activities: journaling, blogging, a personal interview, and a focus group session. Each participant reflects upon works of her own choosing that she had recently read. The data is evaluated using content analysis with the goal of developing a relational analysis tool to be used and tested with future research projects. The goal of this research is to use the insights of the field of bibliotherapy together with the insights of the adolescent girls to provide a higher, more robust model of successful information behavior. That is, relevance is a matter of impact on life rather than just a match of subject heading. This work provides a thick description of a set of real world relevancy judgments. This may serve to illuminate theories and practices for bringing each individual seeker together with appropriate documents. This research offers a new model for relevant information seeking behavior associated with selecting works of essential instructional fiction, as well as a new definition for terminology to describe the results of the therapeutic literary experience. The data from this study, as well as from previous research, suggest that literature (specifically young adult literature) brings the reader to a better understanding of herself and the world around her.

Unga vuxna typ 1 diabetiker i åldern 18-29 år har inte optimal diabetes-behandling. Insulin saknas och glukos kan inte transporteras till kroppens celler. Egenvård måste ske i form av insulintillförsel, regelbundna måltiderna och blodsockerkontroller. Behandlingsmålet är ett normalt liv och hindrande av långtidskomplikationer. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva hinder och möjligheter av betydelse för egenvård hos unga vuxna med diabetes typ 1. Systematisk litteraturöversikt i tre olika databaser resulterade i elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Två kategorier framkom: Hinder och resurser för egenvård, vilka delades i subkategorierna vårdrelation vid transition, kommunikation vid transition, sociala relationer och patientens autonomi. Livet förändras i många avseenden i åldern 18-29 år. Det egna ansvarstagandet, autonomin och delaktigheten påverkas av bristande rutin, ostrukturerad livsstil, stress, dåliga vanor, felprioriteringar och bristande motivation. Patientens kontroll av sjukdom och egenvård är en viktig inre resurs som kan stärkas genom fortsatt utbildning, vilket resulterar i ökad delaktighet. Överföring mellan vårdgivare och tillgänglighet måste förbättras. Sjuksköterskans kunskap om samband mellan egenvårdsförmåga och motivationshöjande terapimetoder måste fördjupas och vidare forskning för att hitta åtgärder som främjar egenvården måste göras. / Young adult type 1 diabetics aged 18-29 do not have optimal diabetes treatment. Insulin is missing and glucose can not be transported to the body's cells. Self-care such as insulin administration, regular meals and bloodsugar controls must be done. The treatment goal is normal life and prevention of long-term complications. The purpose of the literature review was to describe obstacles and possibilities of self-care in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Systematic literature review in three different databases resulted in eleven scientific articles. Two categories emerged: Obstacles and resources for self-care, which were divided into subcategories care relationship at transition, communication at transition, social relations and patient autonomy. Life is changing in many respects between the ages of 18 and 29. Responsibility, autonomy and participation are affected by lack of routine, unstructured lifestyle, stress, bad habits, bad priorities and lack of motivation. The patient's control over disease and self-care is an important internal resource that can be strengthened through continuing education, resulting in increased participation. Transfers between healthcare providers and accessibility must be improved. Nursing knowledge about self-reliance and motivational therapy methods needs to be deepened and further research to find actions that promote selfesteem must be done.

The practice of secondary world building, the creation of a fantasy realm with its own unique laws and systems has long been a tradition within the genre of fantasy writing. In many notable cases, such as those publications by J.R.R. Tolkien and H.P. Lovecraft, folklore exhibited in the world of the reader has been specifically used not only to construct these fantasy realms, but to add depth and believability to their presentation. The universe of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series demonstrates this same practice of folklore-as-world-building, yet her construction does much more than just create a fantasy realm. By using both folklore which predates her writing as well as created elements which while unique to her secondary world specifically reflect the world of the reader, Rowling is able to create a fantasy realm which is highly political, complex and multivocal, yet still accessible to young readers through its familiarity. Specifically through her use of cryptids, belief representation, and folk narratives both invented and recontextualized, Rowling is able to juxtapose her fantasy universe to the real-world of the reader, in effect inventing a believable secondary world but also demonstrating to young readers the ways in which her writing should be interpreted.

Well-meaning educators often recommend more "boy" books to increase reading motivation amongst boys. This experimental mixed-methods study investigated the influence of the "boy" book/ "girl" book phenomenon on willingness to read using a researcher-designed instrument called the Textual Features Sort (TFS). The TFS measured two attitudinal constructs—gendered beliefs about texts and willingness to read—in relation to individual textual features of selected young adult novels. Data came from 50 sixth and seventh grade students at a mid-sized public school in a rural New England state. Mean scores, frequencies, and percentages were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, and Fisher's exact test. Qualitative data was used to explain quantitative results. Findings indicate that boys were not more willing to read "boy" books than other books, nor less willing to read books with female protagonists. Boys were significantly less willing to read "girl" books, though individual textual features of a single novel elicited different gendered beliefs along with varying degrees of willingness to read. Girls were significantly less willing to read a novel if it was first sorted as a "boy" book. Research revealed a widespread belief in social consequences for a boy carrying a "girl" book down the hallway, that did not hold for girls. Findings suggest that sociocultural constructions of gender inhibit both boys and girls as readers, though to varying degrees, and challenge the notion that highly gendered and heteronormative assumptions about books and reading practices will increase willingness to read among young adolescent boys.