Ce mémoire porte sur la Symphonie en ré de César Franck, une œuvre écrite entre 1887 et 1888 et créée en 1889. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à l’organisation du matériau unificateur de cette œuvre tout en observant les problèmes que pose l’approche cyclique développée par Vincent d’Indy. Nous faisons ainsi valoir les apports et avantages à adopter plutôt la transformation thématique, une méthodologie fortement associée à l’œuvre de Franz Liszt. Théorisée en 1909 au sein du Cours de composition musicale, la forme cyclique exerce une emprise dominante dans la littérature musicologique s’intéressant à l’analyse de l’œuvre de César Franck. Nous mettons en lumière des biais idéologiques et nationalistes du discours de Vincent d’Indy visant à promouvoir la supériorité légitime des compositeurs français sur les Allemands en développant une conception de l’excellence fondée sur des métaphores chrétiennes (la trinité, la cathédrale gothique). Cette argumentation a pour effet néfaste de gommer des données historiographiques importantes telles que les échanges culturels s’établissant de part et d’autre du Rhin ou encore les contacts significatifs qu’ont entretenus César Franck et Franz Liszt. Cette recherche permet ainsi de nuancer la théorie de d’Indy et d’enrichir la perspective analytique de la Symphonie de César Franck en la remettant dans son contexte sociohistorique. L’étude de la transformation thématique a l’avantage de prendre en compte la dimension expressive des thèmes de la Symphonie en plus de la notion d’unité inhérente à l’œuvre et aide à approfondir les affinités musicales qui rapprochent Franck et Liszt. / This thesis focuses on César Franck's Symphony in D, a work written between 1887 and 1888, and premiered in 1889. More precisely, we are interested in the organization of the unifying material of this work while observing the problems posed by the cyclical approach developed by Vincent d'Indy. We thus highlight the contributions and advantages of adopting thematic transformation instead, a methodology strongly associated with the work of Franz Liszt. Theorized in 1909 as part of the “Cours de composition musicale”, the cyclical form exerts a hegemonic hold in the musicological literature interested in the analysis of the work of César Franck. We highlight the ideological and nationalist biases of Vincent d’Indy’s speech, aimed at promoting the legitimate superiority of French composers over the Germans by developing a conception of excellence based on Christian metaphors (the Trinity, the Gothic cathedral). This argument has the detrimental effect of erasing important historiographical data such as the cultural crosscurrent taking place on both sides of the Rhine or the significant contacts that César Franck and Franz Liszt maintained. This research thus makes it possible to qualify d’Indy’s theory and enrich the analytical perspective of César Franck’s Symphony by placing it in its socio-historical contexts. The study of the thematic transformation has the advantage to consider the expressive dimension of the themes of the Symphony while focusing on the unity of the piece, and helps deepen the musical affinities that bring Franck and Liszt close together.

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Dans quelle mesure les traditions de l’Église orthodoxe, héritière d’un modèle byzantin imprégné de césaropapisme qui ignorait donc la séparation des pouvoirs temporels et spirituels, ont-elles influencé les comportements démocratiques dans les pays d’Europe où elle est dominante ?Le cas particulier de la Roumanie depuis 1948. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The lecture recital was given on November 20, 1979. The final movement of Widor's Symphonie Gothique, opus 70, the first movement of Widor's Symphonie Romane, opus 73, and the first movement of Dupré's Symphonie-Passion, opus 23 were performed following a lecture on Gregorian Chant in the organ symphonies of Widor and Dupré. The lecture included a brief historical discussion of the decline of organ literature following the French Classical School, the development of the Modern French Organ School beginning with the establishment of the organ department at the Paris Conservatory, the revival of plainsong and the establishment of the School of Solesmes, and the influence of César Franck and the organ symphony. The main body of the lecture included biographical sketches of Widor and Dupré, a discussion of the general characteristics of their organ symphonies, with the emphasis upon those movements specifically employing the use of Gregorian chant.

Bruhn (2008) and Griffiths (1978) have referred in passing to Messiaen's use of non-Western content as an appropriation, but a consideration of its potential moral and aesthetic failings within the scope of modern literature on artistic cultural appropriation is an underexplored topic. Messiaen's first encounter with India came during his student years, by way of a Sanskrit version of Saṅgītaratnākara (c. 1240 CE) written by the thirteenth-century Hindu musicologist Śārṅgadeva. I examine Messiaen's use of Indian deśītālas within a cultural appropriation context. Non-Western music provided a safe space for him to explore the familiar, and served as validation for previously held creative interests, prompting the expansion and development of rhythmic techniques from the unfamiliar. Chapter 1 examines the different forms of artistic cultural appropriation, drawing on the ideas of James O. Young and Conrad G. Brunk (2012) and Bruce H. Ziff and Pratima V. Rao (1997). I consider the impact of power dynamic inequality between 'insider' and 'outsider' cultures. I evaluate the relation between aesthetic errors and authenticity. Chapter 2 considers the internal and external factors and that prompted Messiaen to draw on non-Western rhythm. I examine Messiaen's appropriation of Indian rhythm in relation to Bloomian poetic misreading, and whether his appropriation of Indian rhythm reveals an authentic intention. Chapter 3 analyses Messiaen's interpretation of Śārṅgadeva's 120 deśītālas and its underlying Hindu symbolism. Chapter 4 contextualises Messiaen's Japanese poem Sept haïkaï (1962) in relation to other European Orientalist artworks of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, and also in relation to Michael Sullivan's (1987: 209) three-tiered definitions of japonism.