This research project is mainly a study of attitudes towards Afrikaans and its setworks by non-mother-tongue speakers in Grades 10 - 12 in an English Government school. The approach taken to this research was a combined one. This was as a result of gathering information through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Grade 10 - 12 learners completed questionnaires in which they indicated their attitudes which were then arranged according to qualitative research. Focus groups were also allocated that can be viewed as qualitative research. The Grade 10 - 12 learners were questioned in smaller groups as to their attitudes to language and their preferences regarding the teaching of poetry. The main research aims, answered in Chapter 4, are the following: <ul> <li>to determine whether non-mother-tongue learners in Grades 10 - 12 are negative towards the language Afrikaans,</li> <li>to determine the attitude of non-mother-tongue learners towards poetry,</li> <li>to determine the attitudes of non-mother-tongue learners regarding teaching methods, and</li> <li>to recommend which aims are acceptable when teaching poetry within a South African context to non-mother-tongue learners.</li> </ul> The research that involved the learners was completed in July 2006. One hundred Grade 12 learners were involved in the pilot study towards the end of their academic year in 2005. This study required the learners to indicate their feelings regarding their set poems. In 2006, two hundred-and-forty Grade 10 - 12 learners at the same school were involved in answering a more comprehensive questionnaire. This included: the themes they prefer; whether they ever read poetry by choice; and whether the teaching that they received at school, inspired them enough to become life-long poetry readers. The questionnaire also contained an attitude indicator which allowed learners to demonstrate whether they enjoyed something, felt neutral, or did not like it at all. This allowed their attitudes regarding teaching and assessment methods, as well as the compilation of a poetry syllabus with possible themes to be made known. After the information had been processed by the researcher’s statistic analyst, it was found that learners are generally more positive towards the language Afrikaans (61.59%), but are negative towards certain aspects of the poetry syllabus. The learners demonstrated that they did not enjoy group work. This is, however, a problem because this is a prerequisite for the Grades 10 – 12 syllabi. A recommendation was made that the educator must give thought to how he or she is going to implement group work. When learners are led in a meaningful way during group work sessions, they will feel that their interpretation is also validated. A further issue that the research highlighted as problematic are the types of poem that are currently prescribed. Learners did, for example, indicate that they did not enjoy analysing poems about death and war. However, the two poems “Begrafnis van ‘n ouma” and “Foto van man wat val” relating to these themes were positively received during the research. A recommendation is made that educators should not necessarily shy away from themes that learners dislike, but perhaps educators could spend the time looking at the type of poem on these themes that could be set. Chapter 5 suggests a model for the teaching of poetry to non-mother-tongue speakers. It offers questions suitable for Afrikaans First Additional Language and the poems were selected according to popular themes as indicated by learners. This research project suggests that non-mother-tongue learners can be motivated to enjoy Afrikaans poetry. This is dependent on the teaching methodology employed; the type of prescribed poems taught; and learners’ attitudes towards Afrikaans as a language. These factors influence their attitude towards Afrikaans in general. / Dissertation (MA (Afrikaans))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / Die herscomgestelde gesin word in hierdie navorsingstudie ondersoek as 'n kompleksa alternatiewe gesinstruktuur met eiesoortige strukturele kenmerke, probleemarecs en rituele wat nie aan die norm von die kerngesin ontleen kan word nie. In die literotuuroorsig word hierdie aspekte van nader beskou en tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dot die belangrike rol van die eie ouer in die hersoomgestelde gesin grootliks misgekyk word. Die verbondenheid van die eie ouer aan beide die ouer-kind- en die nuwe egpoorsisteme mack ditvir hom/hoar moontlik om 'n sleutelrol te vervul tydens gesinsinteroksies, eenheidsvorming en die opvoedingsgebeure in die hersoamgestelde gesin. Dit is moontlik vir die eie ouer om vanuit 'n unieke posisie as 'n buffer te dien in die problemotiese stiefouer-stiefkindverhoudinge. Hierdie maontlikheid bestaon egter slegs indien die eie ouer oor voldoende kennis, insig en voardighede beskik. 'n Uitgebreide kwalitatiewe ondersoek aan die hand van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met die lede van ses hersaamgestelde gesinne het die volgende tendense aan die lig gebring: • Eie overs verwag van nuwe egliede om kinders in die hersaamgestelde gesin uit die staanspoor te aanvoor en lief te he. • Eie overs koester konflikterende gevoelens ten opsigte van die dissiplinering van hul kinders deur die stiefouer. • Eie ouers, sfiefouers en kinders in hersaamgestelde gesinne goon dikwels gebuk onder d\e los van onverwerkte gevoelens van verdriet en verlies. • Die hantering van finansies ten opsigte van inwonende eie en stiefkinders, asook nie-inwonende kinders en vorige egliede skep spanning en bemoeilik goeie verhoudinge. • Eie ouers is dikwels so verdeeld tussen die belange van nul kinders en die van hul nuwe moats dot hulle dit moeilik vind om in 'n tweede huwelik 'n betekenisvolle verhouding met hul nuwe lewensmaat op te bou. Genoemde tendense het 'n bepolende rol gespeel in die ontwikkeling von 'n begeleidingsprogram vir eie ouers. Agt sessies met doelwitte geboseer op hierdie probleemoreas is gestruktureer om die eie ouer met noodsaaklike kennis en vaardighede toe te rus ten opsigte van harmoniese verhoudingstigting en -onderhouding in hersaamgesfelde gesinne. Die begeleidingsprogram is deur middel van 'n fokusgroeponderhoud aan die evaluering von vier ouerpare in hersaamgestelde gesinne onde&Werp en is aon die hand van hul aanbevelings verfyn en gefinaliseer.

The gospel according to Matthew has particularistic (i.e. specific to the Jews) as well as universal features. The particularistic features are demonstrated by the Jews included in the gospel, whereas the gentiles (non–Jews) are representative of the gospel’s universal nature. Traditionally, it is said that the gentiles in the gospel often come to confess Jesus as the Messiah, whereas the majority of Jews reject Him. Gentiles who come to confess Jesus will likely become part of the church. However, some researchers doubt whether the gospel according to Matthew does indeed present such a positive picture of the gentiles. This may have implications for the inclusion of the gentiles in the church. The question arises whether gentiles become part of the church by virtue of their confession of Jesus as the Christ. The purpose of this study was thus to determine whether gentiles become part of the church by virtue of their confession. Chapter 1 sets out the background to the research question and the problem statement. Chapter 2 asks whether gentiles do indeed come to confess the Messiah. The birth narratives provide an outlook of gentiles who will come to a confession. In the ministry narratives, the Roman officer and the Canaanite woman acknowledge Jesus’ authority. The Roman officer receives the promise that non–Jews will be part of the Kingdom of Heaven. The Canaanite woman points towards gentiles who will triumph over the gates of hell. When Jesus dies, the Roman soldiers acknowledge Him as the Son of God. This is based on a literature study. Chapter 3 asks whether the Jews reject Jesus as the Messiah. The fulfilment citations place the unrighteousness of the Jews in continuity with Israel of old, and the disputations and declaration of woe reveal the hypocrisy of the Jewish leaders. This is also based on a literature study. Chapter 4 explores the meaning of the word rock (petra) on which Jesus builds His church ? according to Matthew 16:18. In order to establish the meaning of the word, an overview of the word’s interpretation history is provided. Secondly, the meaning of the word is also determined exegetically. Chapter 5 sets out a summary of all the findings of the study. The main findings are: Gentiles often come to confess Jesus; in contrast, most Jews reject Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus builds the church on Himself as the Rock, but extends the privilege to those, like Peter, who confess Him to become lesser bricks in the church. It can therefore be said that gentiles become part of the church by confessing Jesus as the Christ. / Thesis (M.A. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The gospel according to Matthew has particularistic (i.e. specific to the Jews) as well as universal features. The particularistic features are demonstrated by the Jews included in the gospel, whereas the gentiles (non–Jews) are representative of the gospel’s universal nature. Traditionally, it is said that the gentiles in the gospel often come to confess Jesus as the Messiah, whereas the majority of Jews reject Him. Gentiles who come to confess Jesus will likely become part of the church. However, some researchers doubt whether the gospel according to Matthew does indeed present such a positive picture of the gentiles. This may have implications for the inclusion of the gentiles in the church. The question arises whether gentiles become part of the church by virtue of their confession of Jesus as the Christ. The purpose of this study was thus to determine whether gentiles become part of the church by virtue of their confession. Chapter 1 sets out the background to the research question and the problem statement. Chapter 2 asks whether gentiles do indeed come to confess the Messiah. The birth narratives provide an outlook of gentiles who will come to a confession. In the ministry narratives, the Roman officer and the Canaanite woman acknowledge Jesus’ authority. The Roman officer receives the promise that non–Jews will be part of the Kingdom of Heaven. The Canaanite woman points towards gentiles who will triumph over the gates of hell. When Jesus dies, the Roman soldiers acknowledge Him as the Son of God. This is based on a literature study. Chapter 3 asks whether the Jews reject Jesus as the Messiah. The fulfilment citations place the unrighteousness of the Jews in continuity with Israel of old, and the disputations and declaration of woe reveal the hypocrisy of the Jewish leaders. This is also based on a literature study. Chapter 4 explores the meaning of the word rock (petra) on which Jesus builds His church ? according to Matthew 16:18. In order to establish the meaning of the word, an overview of the word’s interpretation history is provided. Secondly, the meaning of the word is also determined exegetically. Chapter 5 sets out a summary of all the findings of the study. The main findings are: Gentiles often come to confess Jesus; in contrast, most Jews reject Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus builds the church on Himself as the Rock, but extends the privilege to those, like Peter, who confess Him to become lesser bricks in the church. It can therefore be said that gentiles become part of the church by confessing Jesus as the Christ. / Thesis (M.A. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

L'hypothèse est que le contexte international a une influence négative sur la génération de ces politiques. En raison de l'interaction, les pays ont adopté des idées fausses - et donc - des politiques erronées de développement. En fin de compte, cette approche peut être exprimée en que le contexte international a conduit aux pays moins avancés à ne pas adopter des politiques de libéralisation, d'une part, ou qu'il n´y a pas des incitations suffisantes pour que les institutions formelles et informelles dans ces pays soient favorables à l'adoption de telles politiques, d'autre part.Cette recherche part de la conception selon laquelle c'est l'existence de politiques, institutions et sociétés de nature libérale (c'est-à-dire des sociétés qui sont ouvertes dans le sens proposé par, entre autres, Karl Popper) qui mieux résolvent le problème de la création de richesses. En ce sens, le contexte international n'a pas atteint l'objectif du développement international car il ne favorise pas la génération des sociétés ouvertes.Pour prouver l'hypothèse, la recherche est basée sur les contributions apportées par deux corps théoriques. D'une part, de la scène internationale, on utilise le constructivisme d´Alexander Wendt, Martha Finnemore, Gerard Ruggie, entre autres. D´autre part, pour comprendre l'impact du contexte international au niveau interne, la contribution de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle, entre autres, Douglass North et Elinor Ostrom sont utilisés.De ce qui précède, ce travail est composé de trois parties. La première examine le cadre théorique proposé. Dans le premier chapitre, on fait un examen des concepts clés autour desquels tournera la démonstration. Avec ces concepts, on propose un modèle pour expliquer l'impact soulevé par l'hypothèse et les phénomènes qui sont stimulés afin d'éviter la production de changements aux échecs répétés. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la démonstration des postulats de la pensée libérale comme essentielle dans les actions conduisant à la création de richesses.Après du débat théorique, la deuxième partie porte sur la démonstration du modèle proposé pour la scène internationale. Cela se fait en trois chapitres. Dans le premier, on fait un parcours historique à travers des programmes promus du régime de développement international pour démontrer deux aspects.Dans le deuxième chapitre, on décrit les principaux acteurs sur la scène internationale et montre, à partir de la relation entre identité - intérêts, les actions et les contributions à la promotion des idées fausses reflétées dans les programmes développés. Le troisième chapitre examine la construction que le régime international de libéralisme intégré a stimulée et les phénomènes qui entravent la promotion de changements dans les idées et dans les programmes proposés, en raison de l'existence d'un phénomène de dépendance du chemin.La troisième partie porte sur l'étude des pays non développés. Dans le premier chapitre on fait une caractérisation générale de ceux-ci, à partir de la proposition faite par Douglass North, John Joseph Wallis et Weingast R. Barry dans son livre la Violence et des ordres sociaux (2010). Le deuxième chapitre montre comment les pays moins développés ont agi sur le régime international du libéralisme intégré. Le troisième chapitre, d'une manière analogue à la partie précédente, montre comment fonctionne le phénomène de dépendance du chemin pour ces pays.En conclusion, le modèle proposé est utilisé pour conjecturer les effets que peut avoir la crise économique qui, depuis 2008, est passée à travers le monde. Il est considéré qu'il y a suffisamment de preuves pour dire que cette crise sera une nouvelle fenêtre d'opportunité manquée et qui permettra d'approfondir la croyance et la promotion des idées fausses, illibérales, qu'entravent les progrès dans la promotion du développement dans les pays qui ont toujours échoué à résoudre les problèmes de création de richesse. / The hypothesis is that the international context has negatively influenced the generation of such policies. Because of the interactions, the countries have adopted wrong ideas - and therefore - misguided development policies. Ultimately, this approach can be expressed in that the international context has led to less developed countries not adopt policies of liberalization, on the one hand, or that there are not sufficient incentives for that the formal and informal institutions in these countries are favorable to the adoption of such policies, on the other.The research departs from the conception according to which it is the existence of policies, institutions, and societies of a liberal nature (i.e. of societies that are open in the sense proposed by, among others, Karl Popper) which best solve the problem of wealth creation. In this sense, the international context has not achieved the objective of international development since it does not promote the generation of open societies.To prove the hypothesis, the research is based on the contributions made by two theoretical bodies. On the one hand, from the international arena, it is used the constructivism of Alexander Wendt, Martha Finnemore, Gerard Ruggie, among others. On the other hand, to understand the impact of the international context at a domestic level, the contribution of the New Institutional Economics, among others, Douglass North, and Elinor Ostrom are used.From the above, the work is composed of three parts. The first examines the proposed theoretical framework. In the first chapter, a review of the key concepts around which the demonstration will turn is made. With these concepts, I propose a model to explain the impact raised by the hypothesis and the phenomena that are stimulated to avoid the generation of changes to the repeated failures. The second chapter examines the demonstration of the postulates of liberal thought as essential in actions leading to the creation of wealth.After the theoretical discussion, the second part focuses on demonstrating the model proposed for the international arena. This is done in three chapters. In the first, I make a historical review of the programs promoted within the international development regime.In the second chapter, I describe the main actors in the international arena and show, starting from the relationship between identity - interests, their actions and contributions in the promotion of the wrong ideas reflected in the programs promoted. The third chapter examines the construction that the international regime of embedded liberalism has stimulated and the phenomena that impede promoting changes both in the ideas and in the proposed programs, due to the existence of a phenomenon of path dependence.The third part deals with the study of the non-developed countries. In the first chapter I depict a general characterization of these, starting from the proposal made by Douglass North, John Joseph Wallis and Weingast R. Barry in his book Violence and Social Orders (2010). The second chapter shows how the less developed countries have acted on the international regime of embedded liberalism. One of the findings is that these have been passive actors, as they are usually understood, but that they have also been source and bearers of misconceptions. The third chapter, in a manner similar to the previous part, shows how operates the phenomenon of path dependence in these countries.In the conclusion, the proposed model is used to hypothesize the effects that can have the economic crisis which, since 2008, has gone throughout the world. It is considered that there is sufficient evidence to say that this crisis will be a new lost window of opportunity and that it will deepen the belief and promotion of wrong, illiberal ideas that they will impede progress in the promotion of development in the countries that still have failed to solve the problems of wealth creation.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1966. / gm2014 / Sociology / Unrestricted

Accompanying the globalisation of the world economy and the internationalisation of Chinese CBs, the research in terms of the international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs has become urgent and significant. The motivations and targets of this research are to understand the status quo of international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs; to recognise the actual gap in the aspects of international competitiveness between Chinese CBs and the Western advanced CBs; to find out the issues and main causes that existed in and determined the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs; and to work out the approaches to solve the issues and boost the international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs. According to the analyses of the international background, domestic context and specific situation, and the review of previous relevant literatures in terms of the international competitiveness and international competitiveness of CB, the general framework of this research is based on the fundamental theory – New Institutional Economics (NIE), especially the Institutional Change Theory (ICT), and applied four key factors – Business Scale, Profitability, Asset Quality and Overseas Business Margin, as well as some necessary macro and micro -specific determinants, to multi-dimensionally examine and comprehensivelyevaluate the real level of international competitiveness of the CBI and some Chinese CBs during the last three decades, in particular during the last decade since 2003. This basic framework established the theoretical foundation for this research; it is the general framework that is jointly consisted of the constitution, determinants and evaluation sub-frameworks of international competitiveness of CB. In this research, the international competitiveness of CB mainly includes: Business Scale International Competitiveness, Profitability International Competitiveness, Soundness International Competitiveness and Overseas Business International Competitiveness. These four aspects of international competitiveness of CB can be all measured by relative indicators that can be calculated through relative financial data; thus, the international competitiveness of CB could be then synthetically, directly andexternally evaluated and reflected. Basically, the determined framework of international competitiveness of CB is referred to reveal how the international competiveness of CB is determined. According to the value theory of dialectical-materialism, object development is decided by its internal and external causes; therefore, in this research, the scale, management, technology and international administration are considered as the major internal factors to determine the international competitiveness of CB, while the governmental functions, horizontal industrial competition, market supply and demands, and industrial trend at home and abroad are suggested as themajor external factors to reflect the international competitiveness of CB. Based on the determined framework and the internal-external cause theory, as well as considering the cross-border competition as the mainstream of the international competition for CBs, it can be seen that the deciding model and evaluation model are combined together to set up the overall models for evaluating and reflecting the international competitiveness of China’s CBs. According to the results calculated by the models, the separate and joint evaluations are made to jointly estimate the real level of international competitiveness of Chinese CBs; then the internal and external critical analyses are taken into consideration to reveal how the internal and external major factors reflect and influence the international competitiveness of CBI. Finally, a set of approaches in terms of how to further improve and boost the internationalcompetitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs are accordingly suggested. The findings of this research present that the historical evolution of China’s banking is fundamentally driven by the institutional changes and the shifts of administrative ideologies of the CCP; and intrinsically influenced by the dominant culture of Confucianism in China. The international competitiveness of the CBI has been increasingly improving, in particular since 2003; the development of the CBI has been actually always adhering to the reform and opening-up guideline in terms of “Crossing the River by Touching the Stones”, and the internationalisation of the CBI has been mostly suggested to insist on a strategy of “Incremental Approach”, which also represents the Way of the Golden Mean (Zhong Yong Zhi Dao) of Confucian ideology and acting philosophy. According to the evaluation results, Chinese CBs hold a very strong IC on the Business Scale and Home-base Profitability; their Soundness IC has bee also hugely improved; however, if comparing with their foreign advanced peers, such like HSBC and JP Morgan etc., their overseas business IC has been relatively much weaker; this means that the internationalisation of CBI and Chinese CB still has a long way to go to strategically catch up and explore. Additionally, other sense of the banking industry is also highly recognised. The real essence of China’s banking reform has been eventually designed by the elites and ultimately influenced by the special interest groups. The fundamental issues of the banking sector have been not completely handled; the financial ecology of the banking business has been one of the greatest factors for the banking performance; the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs has been mostly country-specific and home-based; and the whole banking system has been seemingly-seriously captured by the housing market and the municipal platform debts; hence, these huge potential operating risks have been seriously concerned. Conclusively, the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs would have been significantly damaged if the banking industry could not be further improve the regulatory regime, optimise the business environment, reform the corporate governance structure, consummate the operational system; and work out the deep and ingenerate issues such as lending mechanism, profitability model, risk management, technological innovation, political intervention, internationalising strategy, etc. Even though this researcher has taken great efforts to make his own contributions in this project, the findings and conclusions are still thought to be not sophisticate and significant enough; hence, further research of this specific theme will be more deepening and focusing, in particular on the improvement of the research methodology, the data collection and the financial ecology of the CBI.

Selection of optimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer timing, rate, and placement strategies by corn (Zea mays L.) producers are among their most important annual management decisions. Much research has been conducted on pre-plant, at-plant, and one or more sidedress timings for N application to corn, but few public-sector studies employ modern technological approaches for N placement in their experimental designs. Research gaps on optimum placements for at-plant N systems are especially acute when N banding quantity exceeds 20% of the intended season-long N rate. Previous sidedress research has rarely utilized modern N placement tools with high clearance delivery devices for early and late in-season sidedress timings when >50% of the season-long N rate was already applied at planting. Therefore, this 2017 and 2018 Indiana-based field research addressed three questions i) are corn planters that deliver 50% to 100% of a full-season N rate at traditional or alternate band placements capable of matching or exceeding grain yields achieved by lower starter fertilizer N rates, ii) what is the impact of split N management on grain yield and/or N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE) when ≥50% of the total N rate is supplied at-plant, and iii) do alternate sidedress N placements (i.e. soil-surface streaming versus injection versus broadcast at multiple timings) in split-N sidedress applications influence grain yield and aboveground plant recovery of N fertilizer?<p></p> <p>To evaluate the consequences of moderate to high N rates banded at planting, urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) was coulter-banded with a prototype Deere DB20 row-crop planter as close as 5cm x 5cm (5x5) (distance from soil surface x distance from seed row) to as far as 10x20 at planter applied N rates of 34, 101, and/or 202 kg ha-1. These at-plant applications were followed by a V5 to V6 stage mid-row sidedress application (if required) to achieve a uniform total N rate of 202 kg N ha-1. Analyses were primarily focused on 5x5 and 10x5 starter band positions as these were the only placements represented at the 34 kg N ha-1 rate. In these placement comparisons, 5x5 banding yielded similarly to 10x5 banding in 2017, but increased yield 6.6% (averaged across 34, 101, and 202 kg N ha-1 rates) in 2018. Corn grown in 2018 with at-plant rates of 101 and 202 kg N ha-1 produced grain yields statistically similar to or greater than that obtained with the 34 kg N ha-1 rate (averaged across 5x5 and 10x5 placements). In 2018, the 101 kg N ha-1 rate increased yields by 14.8% and NRE by 18.5 g g-1 compared to banding of 34 kg N ha-1. A secondary analysis included 6 placements (5x5, 5x13, 5x20, 10x5, 10x13, and 10x20) at just the 101 and 202 kg N ha-1 rates. Among these additional placement treatment combinations (averaged across 101 and 202 kg N ha-1 rates), both 5x13 and 10x20 banding reduced grain yield in 2018 by 12.5% and 10.1%, respectively, when compared to 5x5 banding. No yield differences among these 6 at-plant placements were found in 2017. Therefore, moderate to high N rates can be banded safely at-planting with the typically close starter fertilizer placements, but higher NRE and optimum yields can be achieved when a 50:50 split N fertilizer management approach is used.</p> <p>The optimal sidedress experiment targeted placement and/or timing impacts on corn yields and NRE when at-plant N was ≥50% and sidedress N was ≤50% of the total N rate. Single at-plant (AP) applications at total N rates of 26 (Zero), 112 (AP_112) and 224 (AP_224) kg N ha-1 were compared to split applications of 202 kg N ha-1 (with ~55% of total N applied at-plant plus the balance at sidedress). Sidedress N was applied at V5 or V12 timings with surface streamed versus subsurface injection of UAN, or via high-clearance broadcasting of urea at the V8-stage. In nearly every split sidedress approach, apart from the V12 injection treatment in 2017, grain yields and NRE with split-N sidedress responded similarly to AP_224 each year despite the reduced total N rate at 202 kg N ha-1. Both V12 streaming and AP_224 yielded 6.7% more than the V12 injection approach in 2017. The reduced yield in 2017 from late-season injection contributed to the 4.6% grain yield gain for surface-streaming applications (averaged across timings) with no apparent NRE advantage.</p> <p>These responses confirmed that in-season sidedress N placement influenced yield and, in our case, the surface-streaming advantage over injection was most evident at V12 where late vegetative to flowering rainfall was plentiful. Similarly, planter N placement was not influenced by N band depth as much as by N band distance from the seed row where 13 and 20cm distances occasionally decreased yield in 2018. This research provided evidence of modern placement technology impacts at planting and sidedress times where UAN placed near corn seeds in the seed-furrow and/or plants in the row never reduced, and occasionally increased, grain yield and/or N recovery in corn cropping systems.</p> <p> </p>