Issue of this diploma thesis is focused on analysis of audio codecs used within IP telephony. Attention of teoretical part is given mostly to audio codecs according to ITU-T recommendations, but also to signaling protocols used here. For practical part of analysis is chosen router Cisco 2821 and IP phones Cisco 7975G. Configuration is done over operating system Cisco IOS. Chosen signaling protocol is SCCP. For analysis itself are chosen 2 analysers – L-580FX and Fluke NetTool. These are used in combination with program Wireshark. Analysed parameters are latency, packet lost, bandwidth, jitter and mean opinion score. Measured values are presented in graphs and tables and they are discussed. Next output of the thesis is laboratory excercise, which deals with analysis of audio codecs.

This master’s thesis deals with the dynamic behaviour of the heat exchangers which is described by a system of differential equations. In this connection, it contains general informations about heat transfer, heat exchangers and their arrangements. The main aim of this thesis is to solve the inverse problem of the antiparallel arrangement and discuss the question of the controllability, observability and identifiability of its parameters.

The focus of this master's thesis is an automatic creation of organ overtures for church songs from both theoretical and practical points of view. Organ overture is a short introduction to a church song. According to the fact that it can be described by a finite set of rules, it is possible to use techniques for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems. An effective instrument to develop such system can be C++ programming language and Gecode library.

This diploma thesis focuses on theoretical and practical comparison of webpage transport protocols such as HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) v1.1, SPDY, HTTP/2 and QUIC using UDP (User Datagram Protocol), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) as transport protocols. This work also contains design and manual for practical laboratory tasks on which can students verify theoretical assumptions. These tasks compares protocols in different conditions such as packet loss, latency and jitter.

In some previous studies, felines were evaluated as one of the most beautiful groups of mammals, but at the same time, they were rated as dangerous. Some studies suggest that felines may be among those dangerous animals that are prioritized by humans in terms of faster neural response and preferential processing of visual information. This thesis tests the prioritization of potentially dangerous animals with each other while trying to identify the factors that influence the positive evaluation of felines. It has been found that felines are prioritized among potentially dangerous animals, but the experimental design is very important. Prioritization has not been proven when respondents have followed a different task and the animals have only acted as distractors. Big cats were evaluated as the most beautiful and most feared felines, with morphology, especially the weight of the animal, influencing both of these ratings. The ranking of beauty was also influenced by the presence of the pattern and saturation and lightness of the colors. Compared to viverrids, felines were rated both as more beautiful and more feared. Felines would be more likely protected and treated as pets than viverrids. Furthermore, large felines are relatively well-known among humans, while respondents basically did not know any...

Primary intention of this doctoral thesis is to examine the potential of mathematical word problems and comparison of various solving processes of mathematical word problems among pupils. The theoretical part of this thesis is based on definition of the term "problem" and shows how different basic psychological directions approach this concept. This is followed with narrower definition of mathematical problem with particular regards to solving process itself, its phases and factors affecting its success rate. Afterwards, the mathematical problem is put in concrete terms with mathematical word problem and its diagnostic and didactic potential is examined. Using real examples and modifications, this thesis shows concrete task situation and its practical use in teaching. The actual research processed data obtained as a result of active survey focused on analysis of solutions used by pupils, putting emphasis on occurrence and type of a mistake and the moment of its emergence. The target group was pupils of lower primary schools. This research showed significantly higher success rate of pupils lead by constructive approach. Also, it proved false certain beliefs held by some traditionalists especially about the importance of written mathematical word problems, usage of unknowns or using the routine...

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of divisibility of natural numbers in mathematics in the 6th year of primary schools. The first, theoretical part of the diploma thesis introduces the concept of didactic situations from the Theory of Didactic Situations in Mathematics by G. Brousseau, the theory of multiple intelligences according to H. Gardner and the theory of cognitive development according to J. Piaget. All chapters are projected into the experimental part. The diploma thesis is focused on the topic of divisibility, therefore a chapter of the same title is included in this part. From the history point of view, the sieve of Eratosthenes and Mersenne prime numbers are described here in two chapters. The practical part of the thesis includes a chapter containing an analysis of various didactic methods used in six sets of mathematics textbooks. Attention is paid to similarities and differences in the sets of tasks. In each textbook the topic of divisibility is compared in regard to the introduction of the divisibility rules. The following two chapters are devoted to an experiment designed to help pupils understand the divisibility rules for numbers 2, 5, 10, 8 and 4. The experiment took place over several days in two parallel classes, each of which was pedagogically led for a long time by a...

The aim of this work is to determine the extent to which the cultural context of a word problem influences its solution by pupils of the 9th grade of secondary schools. Two research questions were set. The first: Will the different cultural context affect the solution of the word problem? How? The second: What do pupils think about word problems with different cultural contexts? The thesis consists of two parts: the theoretical and the practical. In the theoretical part, the general concepts such as culture and the word problem are addressed, followed by a discussion of the cultural context of word problems and their analysis in chosen textbooks. Furthermore, a significant part is devoted to ethnomathematics and multiculturalism in Czech schools. Finally, the difference between the word problem with a typical Czech context and the word problem with a different cultural context is established based on the results of textbooks analysis and the pre-research. The research, which is described in the practical part was conducted qualitatively, and the data were obtained from written tests and semi-structured interviews. The results have shown that the different cultural context of a word problem affects the time needed to solve the problem. In addition, the choice of the type of solution and the type of...

This work describes static and dynamic problems with one messenger or multiple number of messengers and suggests a possibility of solving such problems with modified heuristic methods. To solve messenger problem, modified nearest neighbor heuristic, modified insertion heuristic and modified exchange heuristic are used. The main contribution of this work are applications, developed in MS Excel, programmed with Visual Basic for Application, that can solve static and dynamic problems with one messenger or multiple number of messengers and that could be beneficial for companies that do business in messenger services.

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the role of the European Union in maintaining international peace and security. The 1990s proved to be a decade of uncertainty and ambiguity in which both the UN, NATO, the WEU and the EU struggled to re-define themselves in relation to the radically altered security environment of the post-Cold War era. After the collapse of bipolar world, there are favorable conditions for more effective work of the United Nations Security Council as well as for greater role of international organizations to share responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The lack of military instruments to support the policy aims of the Union contributed to pressure for the development of an EU defence dimension. The experience with crisis in Kosovo has led to significant developments since the late 1990s. The EU has acquired unprecedented military capability, a security strategy to inform its use and since 2003 it has engaged in several deployments of forces under the European Security and Defence Policy. Nowadays, the Lisbon treaty seems to be another milestone in the process of framing the EU as a military actor. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of issue relating to international peace and security. Chapter one is...