Self-regulated learning (SRL) processes are frequently used by elite athletes and are thought to be an important factor in the development of expertise (McCardle, Young, & Baker, 2017). Before learners become self-regulated, they must first be co-regulated by a more experienced other (Glaser, 1996), such as an instructor. Scaffolding, a form of co-regulation, has three conceptual characteristics: contingency, fading, and transfer of responsibility (van de Pol & Elbers, 2013). Of the little research done on scaffolding, most studies have been in the education domain with few looking at it in a naturalistic setting. This thesis represented a seminal investigation on the nature of scaffolding in a coach-athlete dyad. It aimed to explore scaffolding using a naturalistic, instrumental case study with an experienced female coach (aged 53, national level) and her competitive male figure skater (aged 15, provincial level) using a concurrent mixed methods design (Creswell, 2003). Data were collected through a) an athlete self-report survey on SRL at the beginning and end of data collection; b) participant observation, field notes, and audio recordings of coach-skater dialogue at 16 practices spread across 5 months of the season; and c) three separate interviews at mid-, late-, and post-season with the coach and skater. Study 1 presents results informed by the skater’s survey and quantitative analyses of audio transcripts. The skater’s self-report of the SRL-SP (Bartulovic, Young, & Baker, 2017) was higher at time two (post-season) compared to time one (mid-season), indicating an increase in SRL. Due to very poor reliability uncovered in pilot work, planned analyses to determine changes in the directionality of coach- and skater-initiated discussion and contingency at various points across the season could not be performed. Study 2 presents the results of thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) on the interview data and audio transcript excerpts. Deductive analyses showed it was difficult to identify and describe aspects of the three scaffolding characteristics separately due to their overlapping conceptual definitions, and their interplay during practice. Inductive analyses revealed nuances of scaffolding in sport, including micro- and macro-level co-regulation. Micro-level co-regulation emerged as an important “interface” illustrated by mature coach-skater interactions surrounding practice trials. The interface involved shared and individual expectations for the coach and skater, roles, and described transitory processes relating the co-regulatory interface to the skater’s SRL. Fading in sport differed from the linear model in education with a cyclical pattern of engagement by the coach, returning to refine the skater’s elements if they were incorrect. After integrating and interpreting all the data, the findings suggested scaffolding manifests in unique ways in a sport dyad, with SRL representing a process goal of the interface.

The transporters primarily responsible for transporting important nutrients involved in energy metabolism have a wide substrate specificity setting up the potential for drug-nutrient transporter interactions. Pharmacological inhibition of nutrient transport across the lactating mammary and neonatal intestinal epithelial barrier can directly and indirectly affect growth and maturation of the developing neonate by either reducing the uptake of important nutrients by the neonate or by disrupting epithelial barrier integrity. My thesis focused on two transporters, OCTN2 and MCT1, expressed in immortalized intestinal and mammary epithelial cell cultures to assess the effects of their pharmacological inhibition on L-carnitine and butyrate flux, respectively, and polarized epithelial barrier integrity. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and bovine mammary (BME-UV) cell lines were grown into monolayers on 12-well tissue culture plates and subsequently exposed to the presence or absence of OCTN2 and MCT1 inhibitors for 6, 12, and 24 hours as well as 7 days. Failure to obtain a polarized mammary monolayer prevented the analysis of the direct effects of nutrient transport inhibition on nutrient flux forcing the focus on the indirect effects. To assess polarized epithelial barrier integrity, transepithelial electrical resistance and Lucifer yellow rejection rates were measured at each time point. No trend was noted between control and treated groups. To assess the acute and chronic effects of pharmacological exposure on polarized epithelial function, a limited appraisal of nutrient transporter expression and cellular homeostasis parameters was conducted. Following exposure at each time point, mRNA expression of OCTN1, OCTN2, MCT1, MCT2 and GADPH were measured using qPCR. Low mRNA yields resulted in an inability to assess transporter expression levels in the epithelial systems. Cellular homeostasis parameters were analyzed using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, pH-Xtra Glycolysis Assay and MitoXpress Xtra Oxygen Consumption Assay. These assays measured ATP synthesis, glycolytic flux and cellular respiration, respectively. No significant trend was noted in ATP synthesis between control and treated groups. An upward trend in both glycolytic flux and cellular respiration was noted in treatment with both inhibitors in both cell lines. Complications in obtaining polarized monolayer forced the focus on the indirect affects, therefore, obtaining and utilizing a more accurate portrayal of the lactating mammary and neonatal intestinal epithelium is critical in answering this research question as both of these systems are highly synthetic and complex. By doing so, a more accurate representation of the effects of pharmacological inhibition of nutrient transporters essential for energy metabolism can be identified.

Physical activity is one approach that may help manage the symptoms experienced by personswith MS and the burden faced by their care-partners. This thesis examined: i) the efficacy of aphysical activity intervention for increasing physical activity in dyads affected by moderate-to-severe MS; and (ii) the interdependence in physical activity in MS-care-partner dyads. A 12-week, randomized pilot feasibility trial was conducted in five (two intervention; three control)MS-care-partner dyads. Participants self-reported physical activity and wore an accelerometerfor 7-days at baseline and 12-weeks (i.e., follow-up). A large effect of the intervention wasobserved on self-reported physical activity (d= 0.98) and time spent sedentary (d= -1.26). Mostcorrelations in physical activity within dyads were moderate-to-strong at baseline (rs range=0.33-0.72) and over time (rs range= 0.40-0.80). The results from this pilot case study lay thefoundation for larger physical activity interventions in dyads affected by MS

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<p>Människor verkar tro att de är vanliga och som alla andra, men är det verkligen så eller tillskriver vi andra våra egna beteenden? Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband i hur ungdomar projicerar sitt normbrytande beteende och hur de uppfattar sina kamrater. Människor tenderar att tro att andra reagerar på samma sätt som de själva gör, och därmed se sitt eget beteende som det typiska. För att undersöka projektionen användes en enkätstudie som ungdomar på en högstadieskola fick besvara. I enkäten skulle eleverna uppskatta sitt eget beteende och sina kompisars beteenden. Resultaten visar att ungdomar tenderade att projicera sitt eget normbrytande beteende på sina kompisar men att de inte var speciellt lika varandra i detta beteende.</p> / <p>People tend to see their own behaviour as relatively common, is it really like that or do we prescribe others our own behaviours? This study examined correlations between adolescents´ perception and their peers´ reports of delinquent behaviour. People tend to imagine that everyone responds the way they do and they tend to see their own behaviour as typical. To examine the projection a survey was handed out to students in a junior high school. The survey contained questions about the students’ own behaviour and their friends’ behaviour. Findings revealed that adolescents´ tended to project their own delinquent behaviours on their peers although they were not particularly alike.</p>

Människor verkar tro att de är vanliga och som alla andra, men är det verkligen så eller tillskriver vi andra våra egna beteenden? Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband i hur ungdomar projicerar sitt normbrytande beteende och hur de uppfattar sina kamrater. Människor tenderar att tro att andra reagerar på samma sätt som de själva gör, och därmed se sitt eget beteende som det typiska. För att undersöka projektionen användes en enkätstudie som ungdomar på en högstadieskola fick besvara. I enkäten skulle eleverna uppskatta sitt eget beteende och sina kompisars beteenden. Resultaten visar att ungdomar tenderade att projicera sitt eget normbrytande beteende på sina kompisar men att de inte var speciellt lika varandra i detta beteende. / People tend to see their own behaviour as relatively common, is it really like that or do we prescribe others our own behaviours? This study examined correlations between adolescents´ perception and their peers´ reports of delinquent behaviour. People tend to imagine that everyone responds the way they do and they tend to see their own behaviour as typical. To examine the projection a survey was handed out to students in a junior high school. The survey contained questions about the students’ own behaviour and their friends’ behaviour. Findings revealed that adolescents´ tended to project their own delinquent behaviours on their peers although they were not particularly alike.

An individual with advanced cancer moves through his or her illness trajectory engaged in an ongoing process of negotiation with the health care system, caregivers, and family members. The ability to maintain control is a key principle upheld in western society, but it may be difficult to do so if cognitive or physical decline occurs during the palliative phase of advanced cancer. Cognitive decline in progressive dementias such as Alzheimers disease or AIDS Dementia Complex is often gradual, allowing such individuals and their family members time to reassign responsibilities for illness management that protect the sense of control of the ill family member. When the onset of cognitive decline occurs more quickly, as is often the case in advanced cancer, ill individuals and their family members may not have the luxury of time to incorporate a transition in responsibilities for illness management into their collective decision-making process, leading to a sense on the part of the person with advanced cancer that he or she has lost control. Current understanding of this transition is limited, and thus the qualitative, grounded theory study, Decision-Making in Family Dyads in the Context of Advanced Cancer was conducted. Advanced cancer patients (n = 5), family caregivers (n = 3), and bereaved caregivers (n = 9) from palliative home care settings in Ontario were recruited for the study. Purposive and theoretical sampling of participants occurred until saturation was reached. Data collection, coding, and analysis occurred simultaneously. Results indicated that family caregivers who tried to fulfill their dying family members wishes often did so at the expense of their own health or finances. The core category Covering captured the strategies caregivers used to enable their family members to die in the manner of his or her choosing. The basic social process Dancing on the Stairs chronicled the stages of the patient-caregiver relationship as they navigated through the grey areas of decision-making in their final months together. The findings may assist health care personnel striving to help individuals with advanced cancer and their family caregivers maintain a sense of control during the palliative phase of an illness.

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Denna uppsats undersöker kunskapsöverföring av tre projekt mellan arbetsgivarorganisationen Sveriges Byggindustrier (BI) och fem av dess medlemsföretag. Flera studier har gjorts där dyadisk kunskapsöverföring mellan enheter i multinationella företag undersökts. Vanligen har dessa studier fokuserat på enstaka element av kunskapsöverföringen eller på enstaka enheter i en dyad eller ett nätverk. Till skillnad mot dess studier syftar denna studie till att redogöra för den dyadiska kunskapsöverföringen med hänsyn till flera faktorer. Genom att studien sker inom en annan organisation än ett multinationellt företag bidrar den till förståelse av kunskapsöverföring inom andra sorters organisationer än vad som brukar studeras. För att undersöka kunskapsöverföringen görs en fallstudie av tre separata projekt som drivs av BI och dess implementering och genomslag i fem medlemsföretag. Studien realiseras med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer av de fem företagen samt två chefer på BI. Studiens resultat visar att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar kunskapsöverföringens effektivitet. Främst den överförda kunskapens karaktär, om den är explicit eller så kallad tyst kunskap, samt företagens absorptionsförmåga som varierar beroende på flera faktorer, bland annat företagets storlek och dess existerande kunskapsreservoar.

No description available.