災難事件發生時，災難資訊的分析和傳遞需具有即時性，才能讓資訊運用達到防災與救災的目的。網路基礎設施普及後，災難資訊的提供者加入廣大的網路公眾媒體，單獨透過搜尋引擎檢索無法即時的反應災難目前狀態；而像災難應變中心這類傳統頻道的災難通報管道有限，經常無法負荷突然爆發的資訊。這些因災難爆發的瞬間巨量資料，已無法完全使用人力蒐集、過濾與處理，需要發展新的工具能夠快速的自動化分類新媒體頻道資訊，提供救災防災體系應變或政府決策時參考。 本研究收集莫拉克颱風八八水災期間五個頻道資料，經過文字處理與專家分類後，由頻率分布、分類結構組成與詞彙共現網絡，觀察不同頻道資料集之性質的異同。在未考慮詞性與文法的狀況下，使用向量空間模型訓練OAO-SVM分類器模型，評估自動化分類方式的績效。 根據分析結果我們發現災難發生後，網路上的資訊隨著時序存在著階段性的期程，能夠由各個頻道瞭解災難的進程。透過詞彙共現網絡，瞭解救難專家書寫相較於俗民書寫使用的詞彙少重複且異質性較高。使用OAO-SVM訓練分類器結果，救難專家書寫的頻道分類績效優於俗民書寫。分類器交叉比較後，對於同性質頻道的內容具有較好的分類績效。透過合併相同屬性資料集訓練，我們發現當訓練資料的品質夠好時，分類器能夠有不錯的分類績效。品質不夠時，可以經由增加訓練資料的數量來提升分類的績效。本研究的歸納，以及所發展出來的分類方式與資訊探索技術，未來可以用於開發更有效率且精確的社群感知器。 / When disaster events occur, information diffusion and transmission need to be in real-time in order to exploit the information in disaster prevention and recovery. With the establishment of network infrastructure, mass media also joins the role of information providers of disaster events on the internet. However retrieved information through search engines often cannot reflect the status of a progressing disaster. Traditional channels such as disaster reaction centers also have difficulty handling the inpour of disaster information, and which is usually beyond the ability of human processing. Thus there is a need to develop new tools to quickly automate classification of information from new media, to provide reliable information to disaster reaction centers, and assist policy decision-making. In this study, we use the data during typhoon Morakot collected from five different channels. After word processing and content classification by experts, we observe the difference between these datasets by the frequency distribution, classification structures and word co-occurrence network. We use the vector space model to train the OAO-SVM classification model without considering speech and grammar, and evaluate the performance of automated classification. From the results, we found that the chronology of internet data can identify a number of stages throughout the progression of disasters, allowing us to oversee the development of the disaster through each channel. Through word relation in word co-occurrence network, experts use fewer repeating words and high heterogeneity than amateur writing channels. The training results of classifier from the OAO-SVM model indicate that channels maintained by experts perform better than amateur writing. The cross compare classifier has better performance for channels with the same properties. When we merge the same property channel dataset to train classifier, we found that when the training data quality is good enough, the classifier can have a good performance. If the data quality is not enough, you can increase amount of training data to improve classification performance. As a contribution of this research, we believe the techniques developed and results of the analysis can be used to design more efficient and accurate social sensors in the future.

本文廣泛的探討了從遠古到秦漢時期先民對風這一自然現象的崇拜意識，初步將古人的風神崇拜原因分為兩大類，包括因為處於地理環境上的多風性質或伴隨風而來的天象而成為風神化身的自然神崇拜和季風氣候下風向和季節的必然性所衍申出的風向與時節對應的具神聖性之傳統觀念。並指出後者是古代風神崇拜的主流，從早期的利用瞽者聽風以判定時節到刻有四風和代表四季徵象的四方風名甲骨，更衍成以風向與時節的對應與否來判定兵家攻守或醫家虛實的依據都是這一支風神觀念極度發展的結果。 　　本文在探討中國古代風神崇拜之餘，並從文字學的角度論風字的產生與演變過程，其次更由四方風名甲骨片的文字指出了經典上文字的來由及歷來經說不當之處。 / This is a comprehensive discussion on early man's worship and consciousness of the natural phenomanon of wind,from ancient times until the Han period.First of all the reason for early man 's wind spirit worship are divided into two main categories : includingthe natural spirit worship of the many types of wind in an inhabited geographical environment or the natural phenomena which accompany wind and become the embodiment of wind spirit; and the traditional concepts and the effect of the season and climate on the direction;the inevitability of the development of wind direction and the corresponding times of the spirit divinity moreover,the discussion point out that the latter is main trend of ancient wind spirit worship, from the use of the blind in early times to feel for wind to judge the times and season,to the (four corners wind name) oracle bone carved with the four winds and the symbol of four season,it is further developed to the corresponding non coprespondance of wind dire- ction and times to determine military manoeuvres or the bases for madical fact. These are all the results of the extreme degree of development of this branch of wind spirit concept. 　　This discussion,in addition to exploring ancient wind spirit worship in China,also discusses,from a linguistic point of view,the emergence and the development process of the character wind furthermore,the discussion uses the words carved on the (four corners wind name) oracle bone fragment to point out the origin of characters contained in the classics, and also to point out any in appropriate areas which have existed until now in the ex-planation of the classics.