公益信託係以慈善、文化、藝術、宗教、祭祀或其他以公共利益為目的之信託，其形式所有與實質所有分離之架構及無基金門檻之限制，較能達到責信功能與便利設立之優點，故應可發展成非營利組織之重要型態；惟我國公益信託制度直到2005年年終，信託法立法已近十年，2001年修正通過的各信託稅法，明訂在符合一定條件下，捐贈者享有稅賦減免，且國內外文獻對公益信託制度亦多有介紹，何以國外可以發展蓬勃之制度，在我國卻遲遲無法推展？因此本文主要研究公益信託無法推展之原因，與如何推展公益信託制度。 本文除介紹公益信託法制，另舉財團法人與公益信託作一比較，此外，以個案研究實例，說明公益信託實務之運作，並探討公益信託整體環境之發展。 公益信託型態之非營利組職，何以至今尚未普遍設立，本文以為原因如下： 一、捐助者與社會大眾，仍習慣於社團與財團等型態之非營利組織，對於公益信託之設立、運作與功能較不明瞭。 二、因稅法規定，為享受租稅減免，則受託人必須是信託業法所稱之信託業，為其必要條件之一，因此委託人將有下列幾項考慮： 1、受託人(信託業)執行信託事務時，是否會與委託人設立公益信託之理想不 一致? 2、受託人(信託業)是否有足夠的事務經營能力? 3、不可諱言，亦有部份人擔心受託人係信託業，以致其監督機制較嚴，而影響其設立意願。 三、 我國信託業就公益信託之業務，尚於發展階段，而不具經濟規模，因報酬、人才及法律責任之考量，亦降低其承接意願。 四、我國傳統社會價值觀念的影響，即使捐贈財產成立非營利組織，仍希望有控制權，因此對於公益信託由受託人，管理或處分財產，較不能接受。 五、成立公益信託必須符合各目的事業主管機關頒布之監督準則及許可，增加設立公益信託之困難。 本文最後認為，公益信託設立無最低基金門檻、支出不受達收入百分之七十以上之規定、基金及收入無運用與存放金融機構等限制，以上簡便與彈性之優點，若能妥善運用，對整體非營利事業之發展應有助益，當然其並非取代其他非營利組織，而係提供從事非營利事業者，另一型態之選擇。 / Public trust has the following purposes: charity, culture, art, religion, sacrifice offerings, and other public interests. It is relatively more capable of achieving accountability and convenient establishment because its structure separates real possessions from nominal possessions and it doesn’t have restrictions on funds. Therefore, it is a potential fundamental form for non-profit organizations. To the end of 2005, domestic trust laws have been established for nearly ten years. Amendment of trust tax laws in 2001 has specified that under certain conditions donators are eligible to tax reductions. There have also been many introductions to the public trust system in domestic and foreign documents. How is it then that a flourishing system overseas can’t be implemented domestically? Therefore, this article studies the reasons that public trust has been unable to be implemented and how it should be implemented. This article introduces the public trust legal system and also compares legal foundations with public trust. Furthermore, it uses case study to describe the operation of public trust practices and discusses the development of the overall environment for public trust. This article believes that the reasons for the uncommon establishment of non-profit organizations in the form of public trust are as follows: 1. Donators and the public are more accustomed to non-profit organizations in the form of a corporation and legal foundation and do not understand the operation and functions of public trust. 2. According to tax laws, the trustee must be a trust enterprise defined by the trust enterprise act in order to enjoy tax reductions. Therefore, the client should have the following considerations: 1) When executing trust affairs, will the trustee (trust enterprise) have the same ideal as the client for establishing public trust? 2) Does the trustee (trust enterprise) have sufficient business operation abilities? 3) The willingness for establishing public trust is influenced by worries that the trustee is a trust enterprise with strict monitoring mechanisms. 3. Domestic public trust affairs are still in the development stage and don’t possess economic scale, considerations for return, personnel, and legal responsibilities have also lowered the willingness of clients. 4. Due to the values of our traditional society, donators wish to have control over non-profit organizations established from their donations, which is why they are unable to accept public trust which allows the trustee to manage and handle assets. 5. The establishment of public trust must conform to the monitoring principles of supervising institutions and be approved of, which increases the difficulty of establishment. Finally, public trust has no restrictions on minimum funds, how funds and income are to be utilized, if funds and income are to be deposited in financial institutions, and whether or not expenses should exceed seventy percent of income; this article believes that the development of the overall non-profit business should benefit if the simple and flexible advantages listed above are thoroughly utilized. Of course this article is not saying that public trust should replace other non-profit organizations, it is merely providing another option for those who wish to enter the non-profit business.

政府社會福利制度無法滿足多樣性的需求，社會福利預算成長亦有限，爰如何結合民間資源從事社會公益事業，為彌補政府資源有限之重要課題。依據行政院主計處「國民經濟動向統計季報」公告各國經濟成長率與平均每人GDP之比較，我國94年經濟成長率4.0%，分別較美國、日本及英國經濟長率3.2%、1.9%及1.9%為高，雖然我國公益信託發展遲緩，惟比較各國公益信託發展時程、公益信託件數與金額，如政府加強宣導，與私部門共同就法制面及實務面研議配套措施，公益信託績效可望顯著成長，致政府社會福利支出得有效移轉至私部門，撙節公部門福利支出預算。 目前有諸多財團法人面臨同質性組織募款競爭，其募款方向朝向研擬遺產、保險、負擔捐贈及公益信託等創新模式，例如：財團法人伊甸社會福利基金會，其亟須專業法律、稅務及實務案例之知識，以瞭解公益信託之設立程序等專業知識。我國信託法業於民國85年1月26日公布施行，嗣於89年公布實施信託業法；惟信託法制完備後，公益信託至今仍未被從事公益活動者廣泛利用，其原因為何，及如何推廣公益信託以提高社會福利水準，均為值得深入探討之課題。我國信託法制主要是參考日本信託法及韓國信託法為研擬草案之藍本，間接參考英美法之相關判例學說，是以，日本、美國、英國公益信託之介紹，亦是本文研究之重要課題。 公益信託與財團法人，均屬為提供一定財產從事社會公益活動而成立者，然其二者適合之型態互異，前者適合純粹以金錢給付為目的之公益；後者則適合直接從事經營事業類型之公益。就捐贈規模而言，前者不受額度限制，後者則受各主管機關規定不同。財團法人制度係屬大陸法制，公益信託制度則屬英美法制，惟二者在公益事業的推展應屬相輔相成之關係。再者，財團法人法源依據為民法，公益信託法源依據為信託法，惟公益信託既係信託之一種，爰解釋公益信託時，自無法由民法之概念加以解釋。綜上，本文擬以信託法為基礎介紹公益信託制度，進而比較公益信託與財團法人制度及稅制之差異及優劣，輔以各國公益信託之運作概況、制度與稅制之比較，提供有心從事公益活動人士一個參考，依其財力及需求選擇公益信託（Charitable Trust）或財團法人型態從事公益活動。 / The governmental system of social welfare can not meet the various demands. The budget growth of social welfare is limited, therefore it is an import issue for the authorities to combine civil resources to engaged public welfare activities. According to the statistics of the Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) of Executive Yuan, the GDP growth rate is 4.0% in 1995, higher than America (3.2%), Japan (1.9%) and England (1.9%). Compared with global development of charitable trust, if the authorities strengthen advocating and study complete measures with private departments, the effects of charitable trust will develop obviously. Then the expenditure of social welfare will transfer to private departments successfully, and the governmental budget of social welfare will decline. Many nonprofit organizations are facing the homogeneous organization competition in raising funds. They are digging out and studying innovative ways of raising fund. Such as Eden Social Welfare Foundation, they desire to enrich law, taxes, and case studies to understand the procedure of setting up charitable trust. Trust Law and Trust Business Law had been stipulated and gone into effect in 1996 and 2000 separately, and other tax laws related trust has been put into practice. After completing trust law system, charitable trust had not been adopted popularly up to now. It is worthy to study the reason and to improve charitable trust so as to enhance social welfare criteria. Our trust law system refers to the trust law of Japan and Korea. It is related to American and England trust law systems indirectly. Therefore, it is an important issue to introduce the trust law of Japan, America, and England. Charitable trust and nonprofit organization are established by supplying certain property to engage in public welfare activities. The former is suitable for public welfare to sponsor money and not limited by amount; the latter is suitable for operating public welfare activities and amount is limited by different authorities. The nonprofit organization is continental system, and the charitable trust is common law. The former is resourced from the Civil Law; the latter is resourced from the Trust Law. We can’t explain the charitable trust by the Civil Law concept because the charitable trust belongs to trust. In short, I would like to introduce the system of charitable trust on the basis of the Trust Law, and compare the systems and taxation between charitable trust and nonprofit organizations. Moreover, it is essential to compare the operation, system, taxation globally. So as to provide thinking people some references to measure their financial resources and demand to do public welfare activities.