本篇論文意在分析探討葛拉斯的小說《錫鼓》中主角侏儒奧斯卡照片影像式的敘事觀點，以其顛覆且批判德國二次大戰納粹時期的歷史。透過侏儒奧斯卡以回憶述說故事的方式，從被主流歷史掩埋的廢墟殘跡中，提出斷簡殘篇但相互關聯如星宿圖般的照片影像，以存留於照片影像中破碎的個人歷史抵抗正統歷史泯滅真相的力量。由奧斯卡小人物般卑下的目光如攝影鏡頭或伸縮、或放大、或停格的控訴納粹法西斯的惡行，及支持此一罪行的共犯結構— 德國中產階級的狂熱盲從，指摘納粹歷史如場荒誕鬧劇，德國小市民的亂倫敗德與搖旗吶喊的愚昧瘋狂。本論文欲透過班雅明(Walter Benjamin)、蘇珊•宋塔(Susan Sontag)、巴特(Roland Barthes)及德勒茲(Gilles Deleuze)與瓜達里(Félix Guattari)等人之理論架構逐章論述，分析奧斯卡之敘事觀點。首先以其畸形矮小身形猶如攝影式觀看，維持自身與外在世界的批判距離，且將事件做極度怪奇的放大或縮小，試圖還原歷史洪流中被淹沒或為人輕忽的細節。接著透過奧斯卡親人的死亡和他們留存在家庭相簿中的身影，以之視為凝結停頓時空的休止(caesura)和刺點(punctum)，交互出生者與死者，過去與現在，個人與歷史之間的辯證對話。最後探討照片式影像如部份物體(partial object)具有流動、多元、破碎的顛覆特質，檢視奧斯卡的觀點如何逃脫歷史、民族、國家所匯聚的統一整體，解除支配社會場域的「父–母–我」的伊底帕斯關係之力量，揭露納粹如父如神之形象背後的壓抑與荒謬，使其造成的歷史浩劫定格顯影。 / This thesis investigates Gűnter Grass’s The Tin Drum from the perspective of photographic images, using theories drawn from Walter Benjamin, Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. Acclaimed as the greatest German novel written since the end of World War II, The Tin Drum is supposedly an autobiographical fiction of Oskar Matzerath, a character who, willingly stunting his growth at the age of three, has lived through the long Nazi nightmare and the loss of Danzig City. Wielding his tin drum and piercing scream as weapons, Oskar furnishes the reader with a profound yet hilarious recollection in the form of fragmented yet correlative photographic images on both German history and the human predicament in the modern world. Chapter One explores the effect of alienation resulting from Oskar’s grotesque perspective from Sontag’s idea of photographic seeing and Benjamin’s “distraction” element of the technical media. Oskar observes the adult world, from which he chooses to withdraw, from an unusual angle gained by his dwarfish size. His perspective, likened to the enlargement or close-up of a camera, displays the grotesquery in ordinary events to reveal what is hidden from us. Chapter Two prospects the force of interruption or arrest grounded on Oskar’s bereavement, with Benjamin’s caesura and Barthes’ punctum of photographic images. Death in the photographic images is endowed with the capacity to arrest and petrify the historical movement. The break from the present moment enables the rereading and refiguring of history. The Deleuzo-Guattarian conception of partial objects is employed in Chapter Three to explore how Oskar viewing the external world as objectivized images helps engender revolutionary forces to subvert the orthodox history. The photographic images in the appearance of partial objects break through the totalizing power of orthodox history and bring forth a dialectical optic to examine the past, present and future.

本文大致分為兩部分，第一部分從羅蘭・巴特談論照片的專書《明室》開始，以刺點與知面的兩種觀看為基礎，討論在刺點的觀看裡觀看者的內部變化，引入德勒茲將身體視為流變的存在的觀點，將羅蘭・巴特視為偶發事件的刺點與德勒茲的「事件」概念接軌，說明刺點的觀看中的無意義，以及觀看者在觀看中的流變。第二是關於刺點中我們同時感受到的純粹感覺，這部分以德勒茲談論繪畫時說到的直接於身體上作用的感覺為基礎，以及在影像上製造感覺形象的方法。並以攝影師荒木經惟的作品和創作方式為例，說明攝影具有拍攝感覺的優越性。並以此歸類出一條與一般紀錄社會共識和知識的攝影不同的，拍攝感覺和無意義的攝影路線。 / This thesis is mainly divided into two portions: The first one begins with the discussion of La Chambre Claire by Roland Barthes, in which he bases the two ways of seeing upon punctum and studium. While elaborating on the inner becoming of the spectator in Barthes’ notion of punctum, I complicate this idea with Gilles Deleuze’s concept of becoming. Deleuze stresses on the body as the event of the being of becoming, which can be connected to Barthes’ punctum as a contingent event. The combination of Barthes and Deleuze helps explicate on the nonsense inherent in punctum and the process of becoming inside the spectator. The second is concerned with the pure sensation integral to punctum. I appropriate Deleuze’s insight on how art affects directly on the body to produce sensation in order to discuss how photography can create the Figure. And we through the illustrations of Araki Nobuyoshi’s photo images and his creative method. In conclusion, I propose that photography is the superior form in capturing sensation, and suggest that, photography has another function, which different from the function of documenting social consensus and knowledge, it does function to capture sensations and nonsense.