論文摘要 朱自清的散文及學術成就廣為眾人所知，然而其國文教學指導理論雖已被海峽對岸的教育界所重視，在臺灣卻少有探究者，本論文試圖以中學國文教學的角度探究朱自清的國文教學成果，並藉此續接臺灣現今國文教學，也期待台灣國文教學之指導理論做一番現狀探討。 本文研究的範圍以中學國文教學為主，探討朱自清著作中，有關國文教學的論著。如有《精讀指導舉隅》、《略讀指導舉隅》、《國文教學》、《經典常談》《新詩雜話》等文本及散見於其他書中的國文教學相關論述，如：〈中等學校國文教學的幾個問題〉、〈高中畢業生國文程度一斑〉、〈怎樣學習國文〉等篇章，以探討國文教學、讀書指導、國學、文化、新詩教學、國文教材及與國文相關問題之素材。 關於朱自清國文教學指導理論，以本文第三章及第四章為主要本論。朱自清的閱讀理論強調教師的精心指導與學生的主動閱讀學習；其寫作理論對於思考訓練及寫作技術的訓練兩者並重；而其國文教學，在過程中他要求教師要能帶領學生欣賞課文文章，並重視國文老師的「教」與學生的「學」兩者的發展；他的古典文學入門，注重在傳統文學文化的普及，以淺白的語言文字使學生了解其背景及內容認知；新詩教學則以新詩形式、內容之發展背景為探討方向，以及解讀新詩為其重點；再者論及中學生國文程度，他認為文言的閱讀仍應注重，白話的寫作更需加強；最後有關其教材的探究，乃側重在選材與文言、白話文並重之觀念。以上為朱自清國文教學指導理論的大要。 第五章為本論文的延續，將朱自清其後臺灣的國文教學發展做一簡單的探討，期待視朱自清留下來的國文教學指導理論為一資產，續接臺灣的國文教學現狀，以期待對現今的國文教學有所關懷與展望。

本論文主旨在探討古文字輔助國中國語文教學的原因、實施程序及實徵研究結果。並綜合研究結果，提出建議，作為教師運用古文字輔助語文教學之參考。 本研究分為「錯別字辨正」與「字義探究」兩大單元，其生字主要選自國立編譯館編審之國中國文課本與選修課本，研究者擷取各古文字學家中翔實可信之說法，利用電腦掃瞄各階段古文字字形與相關圖片，編製成CD龍互動式電子書作為教學輔助媒體。 本研究以台北市信義區某國中七、八年級八個班共237人為實驗對象，各教學單元均先根據單因子變異數分析檢定，選擇同年級國文段考成績無顯著差異的兩班進行實驗研究，當教學活動前半節時，甲班為實驗組，乙班為對照組，後半節則反之，整個教學過程均由同一位教師擔任，於教學活動結束後立即進行隨堂成就測驗，並於一週後與三週後進行二次後測。 本研究以「國語文段考成績」、「錯別字辨正成就測驗」、「字義探究成就測驗」、「學習心得問卷」、「晤談口語資料」等工具蒐集資料。研究結果資料以單因子變異數分析進行差異顯著性考驗，根據統計分析結果，本研究共有下列發現： 一、學習成就方面 在「錯別字辨正」單元，七年級1-5題含有「龜」例字，隨堂成就測驗兩組有顯著差異，可知就七年級而言，透過古文字解說字形由來，能對各部件進行有意義的編碼與儲存，造成短期記憶字形的優勢，長期記憶（一週後與三週後）則不顯著，而八年級則無顯著差異。 在「字義探究」單元，七年級1-5題含有「之」、「臭」、「既」例字，一週後或三週後實驗組與對照組成就測驗成績有顯著差異，八年級6-10題含有「毓」、「臧」例字，一週後實驗組與對照組成就測驗成績有顯著差異，可知古文字輔助教學對長期記憶字義具有優化效應。 此外，就受試者性別來看，總體而言，「錯別字辨正」與「字義探究」單元之隨堂測、一週後與三週後成就測驗，實驗組男生與女生未達到顯著差異，可見性別對於古文字輔助國語文教學之學習成效並無顯著影響。 二、學習觀感方面 大部分受試者認為在「錯別字辨正」與「字義探究」教學活動裡，古文字對辨正錯別字與記憶字義的幫助、提升學習興趣以及增進對中華文化的認識與熱愛，都是介於「非常有幫助」到「大部分有幫助」之間。至於受試者對於應用古文字輔助語文教學的意願，也是介於「非常希望」至「希望」之間。此外，有七成以上的受試者喜歡認識字形的由來，亦有不少受試者表示喜歡老師多發問，讓學生以小組競賽方式搶答。綜言之，大多數受試者對古文字輔助語文教學抱持著正向肯定的態度。 最後，根據研究結果的發現，分別就教學及教材方面提出多項建議，以供教育工作者參酌之用。 / The ancient writing application in the auxiliary mandarin teaching at the junior high school was studied in this research. The suggestion was recommended about the auxiliary mandarin teaching as the reference of teachers. The research was divided into two units” erroneous character distinguishability and character-denotation study”. The character was selected from mandarin books and optional books which education bureau branch qualified at the junior high school The character explanation was verified by experts, and was fabricated to the interactive CD electron book as teaching auxiliary media The 237 personnel’s experimental samples of four classes in Grade 7 and 8 individually at Xin-Yi area in Taipei city were adopted in this research. The two grades in the same grade which mandarin score was not significant difference each were selected as samples according to ANOVA variables analysis rule. The grade A, B is experimental group and comparison group respectively when the time of teaching activity is not over the half of class time. On the contrary, the experimental group was exchange with comparison one as the time over the half of whole class .The whole teaching activity was executed by the same teacher. The achievement exam will be implemented immediately as teaching activity was over and be re-tested post the first week and third week. The samples were collected by the mandarin score at school, erroneous character distinguishability,evaluation,character detonation achievements test, learning questionnaire and interview-oral data. The result was analyzed by single way variables analysis (ANOVA). The results were summarized as follows according to statistical analysis results. 1.learing achievements In unit “erroneous character distinguishability”, the test score of question 1-5 (e.g.龜) was significant with two grades in seventh grade Thus, the character was coded and stored effectively by the history of ancient writing .Therefore, the capability of character memory was improved in the short time. On the contrary, it was not significant in long term (e.g.1 week,3 week) in seventh and eighth grade. In unit “character detonation”, the test score of question 1-5 (e.g.之,臭,既 etc.)was significant during the period of first and third week on experimental group and comparison group in seventh grade. At the same time, the test score of question 6-10(e.g.毓,臧) also had the significant level in eighth grade. Thus, the auxiliary teaching of ancient writing was positive for memorizing the detonation in long term. Furthermore, for sex, the score was not the obvious difference in two units post first and third week regardless of seventh or eighth grade. 2.learing conception Most of all testers think that ancient writing teaching was helpful in strengthening the memory of erroneous character distinguishability,character detonation, and also in promoting learning interest and Chinese culture understanding. It’s results lied in between “very helpful” and “helpful partly”. Regarding as the desire of the subject for applied ancient writing auxiliary teaching, it lied in between “very hope” and “hope”. On the other way, the 70 percentage of the subject liked to know the history of character form, but some of the tester liked the way which teacher questioned and let the student competed with answers. Therefore, most of the testers think that, it was positive for ancient writing auxiliary teaching Finally, the suggestion was recommended in the teaching way and materials as the reference of educators basing on research results.

本研究目的有四：1.探討數位典藏支援國文教學的意涵與最佳實務、2.探討數位典藏網站融入高中國文教學的模式、3.探討數位典藏融入教學成功案例之國文老師的教學策略、4.高中國文老師運用數位典藏融入教學的推動建議。 配合研究目的，本研究分析得獎教案、訪談教案設計老師，期望能據以了解數位典藏資源融入國文教學之模式、策略，了解教師使用數位典藏資源的動機、需求與看法，進而提出對未來我國文教學界應用數位典藏網站之建議。 本研究使用「個案分析法」、「深度訪談法」，首先分析歷年數位典藏融入高中國文教學得獎教案，發展出數位典藏融入國文教學模式，以幫助教師應用整合到教學歷程及學生的學習活動中，以達到將數位典藏做最有效利用的目的；接下來對得獎教師進行訪談，了解數位典藏融入國文教學的現況、困難與需求。根據研究結果，可獲得以下結論： 一、 數位典藏網站融入國文教學的必要性 1.數位典藏的豐富資源，是語文教學的極大寶藏，有助於創意學習、資訊融入，值得大力推廣。 2.數位典藏網站擴大教育層次，扮演教學資源、學習環境、學生創作等三種角色。 二、 數位典藏網站融入高中國文教學應用模式與教學策略 (一)建構數位典藏融入高中國文教學三模式：準備階段、實施階段、評量階段 (二)統整、分類台灣地區語文類數位典藏101個網站，以古典文學為多，融入教學時機、方法均較為多元與深入 (三)數位典藏融入國文教學指南： 1. 「引起動機」、「發展活動」、「綜合活動」三個時段，是教師進行數位典藏網站融入教學最適宜進入的時機 2. 「閱讀教學」、「課文教學」是最適切數位典藏資源融入教學的類型。 3. 「作者講解」是數位典藏網站融入教學最多、最深入的時機。 4. 「問題導向」、「網頁主題探究」是數位典藏融入教學最常應用的教學實施策略。 5. 「情境教學」可活化國文教學 6. 「自編並使用數位典藏評量」為教師使用數位典藏融入教學最常使用的評量模式，以「學習單」、「專題實作」內容為主要的方式。 三、 高中國文老師使用數位典藏網站融入教學的困難與需求 (一)數位典藏網站融入教學的困難 1.數位典藏資源認知不足，使用率、續用率低 2.數位典藏資源，需要老師配合課程進行篩選與組織 3.缺乏資源統整的「高中國文教學入口網站」，使用意願不高 (二)數位典藏網站融入教學的需求 1.內容需求：圖片與影音資源的豐富度 2. 功能需求：網頁主題導覽、檢索查詢、資料下載 3. 推廣需求：「研習課程」與「教學觀摩」 / This thesis contains four chapters. Chapter one examines the effect and and practibility of digital archives in supplementing Chinese teaching. In the second chapter, it aims at analyzing the mode of digital archives websites integrating into senior high school Chinese class. Next, I would elaborate upon the successful cases of the mode mentioned above in authentic contexts. I conclude the thesis in the fourth chapter by offering suggestions to this approach. In light of my research goal, I analyze award-winning teaching plans as well as interviewing these teachers in the hope of further understanding the mode and strategy of digital archives applied in senior high school Chinese class. In addition, by reexamining the motives, needs, and viewpoints of this approach, I would like to provide teachers in this field with suggestions about the authentic application of digital archives websites. I employ two methodologies, “Case Analysis Method” and “In-Depth Interview,” to analyze award-winning teaching plans applying digital archives resources. By means of integrating these resources into Chinese teaching, this could practically facilitate in-class activities for the purpose of exerting its maximum benefits. Next, via interviews with these teachers, I could follow and observe the current situations, obstacles and conceivable improvements. Based on my research result, the following is my conclusion. I. The Essentiality of Digital Archives Websites in Chinese Teaching A. The resources of digital archives websites are highly recommended for its abundance and significance. They are beneficial for generating creativity and sharing data. B. Digital archives websites do broaden educational dimensions; they serve as teaching resources, learning environment, and platforms for brainstorming. II. The Effect of Digital Archives Websites in Supplementing Chinese Teaching A. They construct three modes for the authentic application: the phase of preparation, the phase of practice, and the phase of evaluation. B. Chinese classics cover most of the resources in the category, and they are more dimensional in authentic teaching contexts. C. The Guidebook of Digital Archives Websites in Chinese Teaching a. Teachers are recommended to make good use of this method in three phases: motivation trigger, activity design, and activity integration. b. The most appropriate genres applied are extracurricular reading and text instruction. c. The most common application observed is the introduction of author. d. The most practical strategies applied are question-oriented method and theme page research. e. Contextual teaching could facilitate Chinese teaching. f. Self-edited digital archives evaluation is commonly used in the form of studying sheets and seminar course. III. The Difficulties and Needs in Application A. The Difficulties a. The promotion of this method covers a low scope. As a result, the rate of usage and sustainability is low. b. The application of it in authentic teaching contexts collide with the current course designs. c. It lacks compatibility and integration. B. The Needs a. The content: add more photos and audio-visual resources b. The function: improve theme page guidelines, search query, and data download c. The promotion: apply the method in “Study Courses” and “Classroom Observation”

本研究旨在探討運用合作式數位閱讀標註系統輔助文言文閱讀學習，是否有助於提昇高中生文言文閱讀理解成效與文言文學習動機；以及瞭解在合作式數位閱讀標註系統輔助文言文學習模式下，不同標註能力之高中生的文言文閱讀理解成效差異；以及閱讀標註行為與閱讀理解成效之間是否具有相關性。研究結果歸納如下： 一、採用合作式數位閱讀標註學習系統或者傳統紙本閱讀標註進行文言文閱讀學習，具有相同的學習成效。 二、合作式數位閱讀標註系統對於提昇實驗組學習者不同認知層次的閱讀理解上，優於對照組學習者採用的傳統紙本閱讀標註。 三、運用合作式數位閱讀標註系統進行文言文閱讀學習，在提昇整體文言文閱讀動機、文言文閱讀社會，以及降低文言文閱讀逃避上，顯著優於傳統紙本閱讀標註學習。 四、採用合作式數位閱讀標註系統進行文言文閱讀學習，可以顯著提昇學習者的文言文閱讀效能、文言文閱讀投入與文言文閱讀社會。 五、實驗組不同標註能力學習者的文言文閱讀理解成效並不具顯著差異。 六、實驗組學習者的閱讀標註行為與文言文閱讀理解成效不具有顯著相關。 七、多數文言文學習者使用最頻繁的是釋譯類型的標註，也認為釋譯類型標註最有助於提昇文言文的文意理解。 八、高中生學習抒情類文言文時需要較多元的閱讀策略。 九、文言文閱讀動機高組學生與標註能力最高者對於合作式數位閱讀標註系統的接受度比較高。 最後依據研究結果提出具體建議，供學校國文教師進行文言文教學與未來研究方向之參考。 關鍵字：閱讀標註、國文教學、文言文、閱讀理解、閱讀動機 / Abstract This study aims at exploring if the utilization of Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System in assisting the reading comprehension of Literary Chinese can upgrade the achievements of Literary Chinese reading comprehension as well as Literary Chinese learning motiviation of senior high school students. Under the mode of Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System assisting Literary Chinese learning, the achievement difference of Literary Chinese reading comprehension for senior high school students with different annotation abilities as well as if there is any correlation between the annotation behavior in reading and the achivements of reading comprehension were also explored. The results of the study are listed as below: 1.Adopting Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System or tradtional paper-based reading annotation results in the same achievements in Literary Chinese reading comprehension. 2.In the respect of upgrading the reading comprehension of different cognition levels, the learners in experimental group who utilize Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System have achieved better results than those in the control group who adopt traditional paper-based reading annotation. 3.Utilizing Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System in Literary Chinese reading comprehension shows significant advantages than traditional paper-based reading annotation in the respects of upgrading overall Literary Chinese Reading Motivation, Literary Chinese Reading Society and reduction of Literary Chinese Reading Work Avoidance. 4.Adoption of Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System in Literary Chinese reading comprehension can significantly upgrade the Reading Efficacy, Reading Involvement and Reading Society of Literary Chinese. 5.Learners with different Annotation Abilities in the experimental group have no significant difference in the achivements of Literary Chinese reading comprehension. 6.There are no significant relationships between the annotation behavior in reading and the achievements of reading comprehension for learners in the experimental group. 7.For most Literary Chinese learners, the most frequently used type of annotation is Interpretation Type. They also deem that it is most helpful to upgrading the comprehension of the Literary Chinese. 8.Senior high school students need multiple reading strategites in learning lyric Literary Chinese. 9.The learners with high motivation in reading Literary Chinese and high Annotation Ability are more acceptable to the Knowledge-based Annotation Learning System. Finally, suggestions were put forward as references for Literary Chinese teaching and future researches. Keywords: Reading annotation, Chinese teaching, Literary Chinese, Reading comprehension, Reading motivation