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歐巴馬政府亞太戰略之研究 / Asia-Pacific Strategic Study of the Barack Obama Administration徐潤武 Unknown Date (has links)
美國在兩次波灣戰爭後使國家深陷反恐戰爭的泥沼,加上經濟風暴國力因此而衰退。在這樣的情況下,歐巴馬政府以結束反恐戰爭為由,在國際戰略上進行收束,以節約國家資源耗費。但美國在亞太地區陷入兩難:中國的快速崛起以及在區域內影響力的提升,使美國產生濃厚的不安全感,感到必須提早加以遏阻,以免威脅美國優勢地位與亞太地區利益。
美國的亞太戰略當然是美國全球戰略與整體外交安全政策設計的一環,顯示中美已從「建設性戰略夥伴關係」轉向「應對共同挑戰的夥伴關係」。歐巴馬認為,地緣經濟時代來臨,美國不能單打獨鬥,在21世紀亞太地區將引領世界前進,美國不能與亞太共同體脫鉤,「亞太再平衡政策」已成美國外交最緊迫之關切。
冷戰結束初期,亞太各國原本期待此一區域因東西兩極意識形態對抗格局的不復存在,以及多數區內國家均以經濟發展為首要任務下,能使得亞太區域安全情勢相對呈現穩定的格局。初期雖能保有部份樂觀的發展,但至1990年代中期,在中共快速崛起,區域的軍事實力與經濟實力發展愈形失調之後,此區的安全情勢也隨之變化。
歐巴馬政府基於亞太地區政經地位的提升,企圖轉向強化對該地區在政治、外交、經濟及軍事等方面的優先地位,扮演更積極的角色以維持區域長期的安全與穩定,確保美國的重要利益及領導地位。
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中共參與聯合國維和行動之研究-以國家利益觀點分析 / Communist China's Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations Research - in View of the National Interest于成森 Unknown Date (has links)
國家利益是國家追求長久生存發展的各種需求,這些需求表現於各種層面之中,其中主要表現在促進國家強盛和經濟的發展,謀求綜合國力及國際地位的提高,維護主權與領土完整和傳統文化價值等,是一種安全、經濟、政治、文化等因素的綜合,當國家利益獲得滿足與維護時,國家安全才能獲得保障。
冷戰結束後,國際局勢雖然趨於和緩但卻不太平,由於武裝衝突和局部戰爭不斷且難以平息,因此對國家安全和地區穩定形成威脅,使得聯合國遂行國際維和任務也越來越多。
聯合國「維和行動」是根據安理會決議,派遣至爭端國或衝突地區的軍事觀察員及維和部隊,通過監督落實停火協議和斡旋、勸說衝突各方進行談判等方式,消弭衝突和戰亂,最終循政治途徑謀求爭端或衝突的解決。維和行動也是國際事務一種另類的爭端處理機制,它既不是裁判爭端的公平解決,也不是強制處理國家間的戰爭或衝突。
中共身為聯合國安理會的常任理事國之一,負有協助安理會採取維護國際秩序與和平行動的責任與義務。隨著其國力提升,亦須在國際事務中承擔更多的責任,避免形成國際間的流言蜚語,因此以參與國際維和行動為名義,表面上為世界和平與地區穩定貢獻國家力量,實際上為爭取國際間發展條件、維護海外利益,改變國際社會對其的負面觀感,藉以塑造負責任大國形象,提升國家地位及國際影響力。 / National interests is a variety of requirements for a nation’s to pursuit a long-terns survival and development which mainly manifested in promoting national prosperity and economic, seeking comprehensive national strength and international status, also to maintaining sovereignty and territorial integrity, and safeguarding traditional culture value, etc. National interests for China is a safe, economic, political, cultural and other elements combination when it’s been satisfied and maintenance that national security can be protected.
After the Cold War, although the international situation tends to moderate but not peaceful, because of armed conflicts and local conflicts hard to calm down and threat to the national security and regional stability that also caused United Nations have to performed more and more international peacekeeping missions in the global world.
UN "peacekeeping" operation is based on Security Council resolutions, dispatched arm forces or military observers to the dispute nation or conflict area by monitoring the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and through persuade the parties of conflict to negotiate and to eliminate conflicts and wars, and ultimately through political means seeking to resolve disputes or conflicts. Peacekeeping operations are an alternative dispute settlement mechanism, it is neither fair referee disputes resolved, nor is it mandatory handling inter-state wars or conflicts.
China as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, certainly have a responsibilities and obligations for assisting the Council to take action to maintain international order and peace. With its strength increase, also in international affairs assume more responsibility, to avoid the formation of international gossip, Therefore, In order to participate in international peacekeeping operations in the name of the surface to contribute to world peace and regional stability, national strength, actually strive for international development conditions, maintain overseas interests, change the negative perception of the international community for its view to shaping a responsible image, enhance national status and international influence.
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