落後地區學齡前教育學校建立規劃書 / Right at this moment, there are more than a hundred million kids under the age of six living in urban slums worldwide that are not receiving quality education. Research has shown that early childhood education (E.C.E.) from zero to six years is the critical and unmet need of this century. NGOs, governments and the private sector efforts have not been enough to solve this challenge. Social enterprises may be an effective option to address this issue. Four students in the International Master of Business Administration program of National Chengchi University decided to tackle this issue and create a social enterprise called IMPCT. Social enterprises are nonprofit or for-profit business ventures that strive to achieve a quantifiable double bottom line of financial and social returns. These ventures are financially self-sufficient. IMPCT is built on the idea that the only viable solution to the problem of urban slum early childhood education is having safe and nurturing facilities for children to flourish in. This is currently how the developed world handles early childhood education. More privileged families can take their newborns and babies to professional facilities where they get cognitive development and proper brain stimulations. IMPCT plans to make this privilege accessible to everyone in urban slums. Real ECE facilities will be built within the community for the community by the community. The kids will receive the proper quality education and nutrition in a safe and nurturing environment. IMPCT plans to begin the operations in August 2015 by building the first pilot school in the slums of San Salvador, El Salvador. The ultimate goal is to expand to the Central American countries, Mexico and South America reaching millions of children in the next decade.

2009年臺灣是全球少子女化最嚴重的國家，家長對子女的期望提升，這些獨生子女的家長對英語安親班的選擇之決策行為情況，為值得探究的議題。本研究旨在探討，在教育市場化的趨勢下，影響國小學生家長選擇子女英語安親班之決策行為之因素。 本研究採質化研究之半結構訪談，立意抽樣12位受訪家長。 研究結果發現： 一、受訪者子女每週上英語次數、時數及每月英語教育費用支出有極大的差異性；對英語安親班選擇各有偏好。 二、家長對孩子期望及早、主動與持續補英語，以期具備良好英文能力。 三、家長認同英文很重要，有利升學、深造，具國際觀，並可增強職場競爭力。四、絕大多數家長本身有能力教而不教，是希望給與子女最適當的學習安排。 五、美語安親班所學遠遠超過在校所學；家長藉由親友及家長之口耳相傳，作為取得英語安親班之訊息最重要來源。 六、決策偏好評估因素為：師資穩定性高及教學經驗豐富；母語是英文之外師教導子女發音純正之道地英文；按照個人程度能力分班；教材使用美國教科書；地點方便性、時間適切性；解決個別家長安親問題；費用合理；在安全及說英語的小班制環境下自然學習。  根據研究發現，本研究做出以下建議： 一、家長須認清英語為外語，子女學習英語完全仰賴英語安親班是件困難的事，家長需幫助子女養成在日常生活中多聽、多看、多說英語。 二、隨著孩子年紀增長，學習會愈來愈加重與吃力，如何在學習樂趣與作業、測驗、時間排擠間取得一個平衡，讓孩子持續對英語的學習動機及熱情不減，需妥思對策。 三、孩子學習英語之路需要被鼓勵與讚美進而展現自信心，家長唯有與子女共同學習，找出適合的學習策略才是一條可行之路。 四、以全美語教學是英語老師必備之能力，學校英語老師應秀出自己的專業能力使家長明白學校和英語安親班英文老師的教學專業不分軒輊。 五、學校與家長共商最適孩子之英語學習資源，爭取外師到校介紹文化等相關議題，讓學生熟習校園有聽、說英語的環境。 六、英語安親班業者需在每一個家長間建立好口碑，使已就讀英語安親班之家長願意提供好的資訊給有需要的家長。 七、英語安親班業者需花心力於把關教師素質，給外師一個安心的教學環境，使用內容廣泛之美國教材；並注意家長接送子女需求；環境安全及學習英語的氛圍 。 / In 2009, Taiwan was ranked the worst place in the world for its low natality. With rising expectation from parents on their only kids, we consider it a worthy topic to study how these parents decide Bilingual Childcare for their only children. This study mainly explores the key factors that influence parents in choosing Bilingual Childcare for their elementary school kids, under the commercialized trend of education. This study uses half-structuralized interview in a qualitative approach and specifically samples 12 parents as interviewees. The research discloses the following results: 1.There are big differences among their English weekly learning times, learning hours and monthly expenditures to Bilingual Childcare in the interviewees’ children. They have personal preferences for Bilingual Childcare. 2.Parents expect to equip kids with English proficiency by studying English as early as possible, taking initiative in learning English and keeping learning English. 3.Parents consider English crucial; good English ability benefits exams, further (graduate) studies, world view and competence in job market. 4.A good majority of parents can teach kids English, but they would rather arrange the best learning institute for kids. 5.What kids learn at Bilingual Childcare is way over what they get at school; parents regard friend or relative’s introduction and recommendation as an index in choosing Bilingual Childcare. 6.Preference in decision making: teacher’s stability and rich experiences, native speaker’s pronunciation, dividing class by individual’s level, using American textbooks, convenient transportation, suitable time, meeting individual parental needs, fair tuition, and a safe and spontaneous learning in a English speaking small class.   Researcher’s suggestion: 1.Parents should regard English as a foreign language. It’s hard to count all English learning on the Bilingual Childcare. Parents need to make it a rule for kids to listen to, read and speak English in their daily living. 2.Along with their growth and increasing pressure from learning, children need to learn how to strike a time balance among fun, assignments and tests so that their passion for English still remains. 3.In learning English, children needs encouragement and praises to nourish their self-confidence. Parents need to work out a proper learning strategy with their kids. 4.Whole language approach is a necessity for English teachers. Elementary school teachers need to show their profession and convince parents that school is nothing inferior to Bilingual Childcare. 5.School and parents should work together to give kids proper English learning resources, invite native speakers to give cultural guidance and let kids listen to and speak English at school. 6.Bilingual Childcare owner need to have good reports among parents so that they can pass a positive image of Bilingual Childcare to other parents. 7.Bilingual Childcare owners need to control the best quality of teaching, giving native speaking teachers a peaceful environment, generously employing American textbooks, meeting parental needs in transporting kids and making sure of safety and good learning.

本研究主要在探討養貓和養狗的飼主，他們對於目前台灣比較熱門的寵物商機的購買意願是否會受到「生活型態」、「認知」、「態度」、「他人影響」和「滿意度」的影響而有所不同。而購買意願又分成了「無使用經驗」者的購買意願和「有使用經驗」者的再購意圖二種。 本研究運用飼主一對一訪談、網路飼主意見調查、網路次級資料蒐集及國內外文獻資料來設計問卷內容，接著運用網路問卷和紙本問卷進行問卷樣本的蒐集，進而運用蒐集而來的樣本進行資料分析而得到研究結果。 本研究結果證實，生活型態和認知會影響飼主對於寵物商品或服務的態度，而態度和他人影響則對於無使用經驗飼主的購買意圖有影響，而態度的影響程度大於他人影響的影響程度；至於有使用經驗飼主的再購意圖則是受到態度、他人影響和滿意度的影響，而滿意度的影響程度最大，再來是態度，最後才是他人影響。在生活型態探討方面，本研究發展出了養貓和養狗飼主四類的生活型態，分別為：集群1-「社交名媛/公子」型、集群2-「心有餘力不足」型、集群3-「寵物兒子」型和集群4-「居家良伴」型四類生活型態集群。而在四群生活型態的飼主中，集群1和集群2對於寵物商機的態度或使用經驗普遍都比集群3和集群4來的好或來的有經驗。在五類寵物商機中，除了寵物安親班之外，知曉的普及率都到90%以上，然而有使用過的比例中，除了保健食品和美容在60%右左，其餘的(寵物旅館、寵物安親班、寵物安樂園)比例都在20%以下。有使用過五類寵物商機的飼主，平均月收入都在三萬元以上。 / The main purpose of this study is to probe into the buying intention of pet-owners of cats and dogs, whether it would be affected by lifestyles, cognition, attitudes, influences of others, and satisfaction. The buying intention of pet-owners is divided into “non-experienced” and “experienced “pet-owners. The content of the questionnaire is based on one-on-one interviews, on-line surveys of pet-owners’ opinions and the second-hand data collection home and abroad. I use on-line and paper questionnaires to collect samples, and then use those samples to conduct data analysis. Research findings indicate the following. Lifestyle and cognition will affect pet-owners’ attitudes toward pet products and services. Attitudes and influences of others will affect non-experienced pet-owners’ buying intention. The influence degree of attitude is greater than that of the influences of others. The buying intention of experienced pet-owners’ are affected by attitudes, the influences of others and satisfaction. The greatest influence degree is from satisfaction, then from attitudes, and the least influence is from the influences of others. This study develops four types of lifestyles of pet-owners. They are “social celebrity” (group 1), “those who have willing spirits but with weak flesh” (group 2), “those who treat their pets as their sons and daughters” (group 3), and “those who treat their pets as home companions” (group 4). The attitudes and using experiences of group 1 and group 2 are better than that of group 3 and group 4. Among the five types of pet products and services, except for the pet daycare service, the familiarization rate of other pet products and services are all above 90%. The using rate of pet health foods and pet grooming are around 60%; the rate of pet boarding, pet daycare and pet funeral service are under 20%. The average monthly salaries of pet-owners who have using experiences of pet products and services are above thirty thousand dollars.