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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國上市公司管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之實證研究 / An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Earnings Management on the Public Companies in Taiwan Stock Exchange

陳家慧, Chia-Hui, Chen Unknown Date (has links)
由於當公司管理機制設計出了問題時,盈餘管理動機會較容易通過篩檢,甚至管理機制本身可能都會產生盈餘管理動機,並使得管理當局可能容易操縱公司決策或是報表數字,又從國內報章雜誌的報導,我們可以發現一些台灣管理機制上的亂象,如董監一家親、董事不懂事、監事不監視或是一個家族、機構投資包辦董事會席次的情況。 在此環境之下,為了維護股東權益、降低盈餘管理行為與促進證券市場的穩定發展,本研究擬針對三構面—與股東有關、與董監事有關、與經理人有關之管理機制,如:機構投資者持股比例、外部大股東持股比例、董事會規模大小、最大家族成員董事持股、監察人是否具獨立地位、董事長是否兼任總經理、經理人持股比例、總經理薪資總額等管理機制設計,探討其與盈餘管理程度之影響。 本研究為了達到學術與實務結合,採用會計師與會計經理之實地訪談與實證研究兩種方法,以兼具深度之訪談與廣度之實證研究,探討公司管理機制設計對盈餘管理程度之影響。 一、會計師與會計經理之訪談 本訪談目的係為了瞭解國內上市公司管理機制設計與操縱之情形,因此挑選對於實務運作有深入瞭解的執業會計師與上市公司會計經理,透過依研究問題所設計的各項訪談問題,最後依照所獲結論彙總形成研究假說。而訪談結果大部分的會計師與會計經理皆認為,有些公司的確會在股東部分、董監事部分與經理人部分的管理機制作刻意的安排,以使得其盈餘管理目的較易達成。 二、實證研究 透過以上訪談形成研究假說之後,本研究以上市公司為研究對象,蒐集民國84年至87年間盈餘管理程度與各管理機制之相關資料,進行複迴歸分析,經由會計師與資深會計經理之訪談與實證研究,本研究得出以下綜合性結論: (一)股東部分之管理機制: 1. 機構投資者持股比例:從訪談中得知,機構投資者持股對於公司盈餘管理程度有相當程度之影響,但由於其身份真假難以區分,因此較難確定其所發揮之角色,及其對盈餘管理程度之正負影響;在實證分析結果部分,此管理機制則未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。 2. 外部大股東持股比例:從訪談結果中得知,由於國內企業普遍存在董事席次安排的問題,因此外部大股東對於公司決策有一定程度之影響;但由於較難確定此管理機制所發揮之角色,因此較難確定其對盈餘管理程度之正負影響;在實證分析結果部分,此管理機制則未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。。 (二)董監事部分管理機制: 1. 董事會規模大小:從訪談結果中發現,若具有共通性的成員越多,可能越容易從事盈餘管理行為,且在實證分析部分,民國八十七年度樣本分析中發現,董事會規模大小與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正相關,即表示董事會規模越大,公司之盈餘管理程度越高。此實證分析結果與專家訪談所獲結論相符。 2. 最大家族成員董事持股比例:從訪談結果中發現,若最大家族在董事會中勢力越大,則對公司影響程度越大,而在實證分析部分,於民國八十七年度樣本分析中發現,最大家族成員董事持股比例與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正相關,表示最大家族成員董事持股比例越高,公司盈餘管理程度越高。此實證分析結果與專家訪談所獲結論相符。 3. 監察人身份是否獨立:從訪談中發現,若是機構監察人可能由於較容易操縱,不易維持獨立地位,因此較自然人監察人不易發揮監督功能,而在實證分析部分,則未與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 (三)經理人部分管理機制: 1. 職務雙重性:從訪談中得知,若具有職務雙重性較不易執行相互報告與負責之制度,可能使得盈餘管理行為較易發生,但可能由於仍有其他董事會成員兼任經理人之情況未納入考慮,使得實證分析部分,未與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 2. 經理人持股比例:從訪談中發現,有些產業偏好以股票招攬或鼓勵員工,因此對於經理人的激勵有相當大的誘因,但也可能因此產生盈餘管理的動機,但可能由於未能考慮不同持股來源之不同動機程度,使得在實證分析部分未能與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 3. 總經理薪資總額部分: 從訪談結果中發現,總經理的薪資通常包括本薪與依照盈餘計算之紅利,因此可能由於未能詳細區分薪資內容之盈餘管理動機,使得在實證分析部分,未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。 目 錄 第一章 緒 論………………………………….............1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………… 1 第二節 研究問題…………………………………………… 3 第三節 研究方法…………………………………………… 4 第四節 研究架構…………………………………………… 6 第二章 文獻探討…………………………………............8 第一節 盈餘管理相關文獻………………………………… 8 第二節 公司管理機制之相關文獻…………………..…….. 10 第三節 公司管理機制與盈餘管理相關文獻……………… 21 第四節 文獻彙總…………………………………………… 30 第五節 研究延伸…………………………………………… 38 第三章 資深會計經理與會計師之訪談………........ 43 第一節 訪談目的……………………………….…….……... 43 第二節 訪談問題之形成………………………….………… 43 第三節 訪談結果記錄…………………………….……….... 48 第四節 訪談內容比較與分析…………………….………… 58 第四章 研究方法論……………………………........ 61 第一節 觀念性架構………………………………...……….. 61 第二節 研究方法………………………………….…..…….. 62 第三節 研究假說…………………………………….…..….. 62 第四節 變數衡量………………………………………...….. 74 第五節 實證模式………………………………….……….... 81 第六節 研究期間與抽樣限制條件……………….………… 82 第七節 資料來源………………………………….………… 83 第八節 資料分析方法……………………………...……….. 84 第五章 實證研究結果…………………………... .........85 第一節 敘述性統計…………………………………….…… 85 第二節 複迴歸分析結果…………………………….…….... 86 第六章 結論與建議……………………….…….. .........93 第一節 研究結論………………………………………...….. 93 第二節 研究限制……………………………………………....96 第三節 建議及未來研究方向……………………….…….... 96 參考文獻………………………………............…………….99 表 次 表一、國外盈餘管理文獻彙總表………………………………. 31 表二、國內盈餘管理文獻彙總表………………………………. 31 表三、國外管理機制文獻彙總表—屬理論探討者……………. 32 表四、國外管理機制文獻彙總表—屬實證分析者……………. 32 表五、國內管理機制文獻彙總表………………………………. 34 表六、國外管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之文獻彙總表………. 35 表七、國內管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之文獻彙總表………. 36 表八、研究延伸彙總表…………………………………………. 42 表九、研究問題與訪談問題對照表……………………………. 44 表十、訪談問題形成之彙總表…………………………………. 45 表十一、問題一結論彙總表……………………………………. 49 表十二、問題二結論彙總表……………………………………. 50 表十三、問題三結論彙總表……………………………………. 52 表十四、問題四結論彙總表…………………………………… 53 表十五、問題五結論彙總表……………………………………. 54 表十六、問題六結論彙總表……………………………………. 55 表十七、問題七結論彙總表……………………………………. 56 表十八、問題八結論彙總表…………………………………… 56 表十九、問題九至十六結論彙總表……………………………. 57 表二十、會計師與會計經理訪談結果比較表…………………. 58 表二十一、變數衡量彙總表……………………………………. 80 表二十二、所有樣本之產業分布表……………………………. 82 表二十三、敘述統計分析表……………………………………. 85 表二十四、總樣本分析VIF值表……………………………… 86 表二十五、總樣本迴歸分析表…………………………………. 87 表二十六、各年度樣本獨立性假設分析表……………………. 90 表二十七、各年度樣本迴歸分析表……………………………. 90 表二十八、管理機制與盈餘管理程度之研究結果彙總表……. 94 圖 次 圖一、研究方法概念流程圖…………………………….……... 5 圖二、研究架構圖……………………………………….……... 7 圖三、訪談問題形成流程圖…………………………………… 44 圖四、股東部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖………... 61 圖五、董監事部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖……… 61 圖六、經理人部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖……… 62 附 錄 附錄一、國內外管理機制整理表…………………………….. 105 附錄二、統計結果彙總表……………………………….….… 110 附錄三、依照產業別估計裁決性應計項目之迴歸分析….…. 114 / If there are some deficiencies on corporate governance structure, the motivations of earnings management will pass through the corporate governance easier. The corporate governance will even create some motivations, and managers (might be owners also) will tend to manage the decisions or reported earnings. Hence, whether the corporate governance of public companies be designed and works well is the hottest topic in Taiwan, in order to assert stockholders’ rights, decrease the behaviors of earnings management, and improve the stock market develop steadily. This thesis combines interviews (with CPAs and accounting managers) and empirical study to investigate the relation between corporate governance and earnings management. 4. Interviews with CPAs and accounting managers: The main purpose of interviews is to understand how the corporate governance of public companies be designed and manipulated, so the interviews are made with CPAs and accounting managers who realize the true meanings of CG more profoundly. By the conclusions of the interviews, I can further ascertain the foundations of my assumptions and give the outcomes of empirical tests stringent explanations. In the conclusions of the interviews, most CPAs and accounting managers consider that the corporate governance in stockholders, members of board, and managers’ dimensions are indeed manipulated to achieve some purposes of earnings management in many public companies in Taiwan. 5. Empirical study: My study objects are the public companies in Taiwan Stock Trade. I collect financial and corporate governance data and run regression analysis. The comprehensive conclusions of interviews and empirical tests are as followed: 3. Stockholders’ dimension: (1) Institutional stockholders’ holdings: From the contents of interviews, I realize that institutional shareholders’ holdings have some impacts on earnings management, but the real roles of institutional shareholders are hard to clarify. As the result, it’s hard to predict the relation between institutional holdings and earnings management as positive or negative. In the empirical test, there is no significant relation between institutional holdings and the level of earnings management. (2) Outside big stockholders’ holdings: From the contents of interviews, I realize that most of big shareholders of some family company have been in the board of directors, and in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between outside big stockholders’ holdings and the level of earnings management. 4. Members of board’s dimension: (1) Size of board of directors: From the contents of interviews, I realize that the more the number of members of board with similar characteristics, the easier will they manage reported earnings. In the empirical test of 1998 samples, there is significant positive relation between size of board of directors and earnings management. It means that the bigger the board of directors, the higher the level of earnings management. (2) The holdings of the biggest family members of directors: From the contents of interviews, if the biggest family has more power in the board of directors, it influences the board of directors more. In the empirical test of 1998 samples, there is significant positive relation between the holdings of the biggest family members of directors and earnings management. It means that the higher the holdings of the biggest family members of board, the higher the level of earnings management. (3) Whether the supervisors have independent roles: From the contents of interviews, I realize that because of some regulations of supervisors, the institutional supervisors are manipulated easier than natural supervisors and hard to supervise the behavior of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between supervisors’ independent role and the level of earnings management. 5. Managers’ dimension: (1) Duality (whether the chairman of board and CEO are the same): From the contents of interviews, I realize that if the chairman of board and CEO are the same, there might be deficiencies of reporting and mutual responsibility and higher level of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between duality and earnings management. (2) Managers’ holding: From the contents of interviews, I realize that some companies of particular industries are preferred to give stocks to recruit or encourage employees, so the holdings of managers are very incentive. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between managers’ holdings and the level of earnings management. (3) CEO’ compensation: From the contents of interviews, the CEO’s compensation is often included fixed salary, bonus based on the earnings, so it might has some relation with the level of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between CEO’s compensation and the level of earnings management.

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