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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

資訊產品商標授權與平行輸入問題之研究

何金龍 Unknown Date (has links)
真品平行輸入合法性與否的問題,可說是國際貿易與廠商行銷所造成的問題,由於商品的流動乃是全球性的,而商標權確有其屬地性與獨立性,因此爭議不休,各種立論雜陳,而爭議了幾十年仍難以有一明確的結論。 本論文則從另一個角度切入,跳過「真品平行輸入」合法性與否的爭論,而透過商標權授權契約、商標權移轉等各種手段,將可能發生「真品平行輸入」的情況,加以規避。而使相關廠商能獲得我國商標法的保護。 總結全篇論文,共計得到下列命題: 一、在資訊產業,產品的生產與商標使用之間,關係越來越複雜,各種代工模式的產生,使得傳統認為商標最重要的功能是表彰商品來源,漸漸淡化,而必須以另一種思考模式來加以因應。 二、『真正商品』的範圍應該要稍微限縮,唯有在內、外國商標權人為同一人或內外國商標權人雖非同一,但是相互之間彼此有授與商標使用權、享有對造國家商標使用權的關係下,所涉及的輸入商品方為「真正商品」。 三、不開放真品平行輸入,並不一定會造成合法的經銷商獨占市場。只要市場上有相同或類似的替代商品存在,市場上的公平競爭秩序,仍得以維持。 四、在「屬地主義」原則下,在他國享有商標專用權之商標,在我國並不一定得享有商標權保護。甚至有可能成為仿冒品而觸犯法律。 五、在「屬地主義」原則下,權利耗盡原則的適用範圍可能受到限制。 六、未註冊或申請註冊中之商標得授與他人使用,但被授與人在授與當時尚未取得任何法律上的權利,僅是得以對於授與人主張合法使用。須待授與之商標,經授與人合法申請註冊完成,方使商標授與使用契約成為商標授權契約,而取得商標法上之相關權利。 七、商標在「屬地主義」原則下,外國之商標善意先使用人,不得主張善意優先使用,而不受我國商標法之規範。亦即各國商標權必須分別註冊申請,才能得到各國商標法之保護。 八、商標授權契約,契約標的或契約當事人發生變動;應視商標之性質,在契約中約定處理的方式。 九、因商標權特殊的性質,商標授權契約中的授權條款較其他智慧財產權之授權條款,較不受公平交易法之約束。 十、商標授權後之商標受讓人成為授權契約之契約當事人,但是否可對抗第三人,仍以是否登記為準。 十一、在廣義平行輸入的各類型中,有一些類型並不屬於真品平行輸入。業者可透過訂定商業契約與商標授權契約等手段,避開真品平行輸入的類型,來獲取商標法的保護。 十二、商標授權契約的訂定,關係業者的權益至鉅,業者可根據第五章第三節的各款說明,追求自身最大的權益。
2

從廣達與LGE案看專利權耗盡之專利授權管理策略 / From Quanta v. LGE to patent licensing management strategies

黃苑菱, Cynthia Huang Unknown Date (has links)
自從美國最高法院在廣達與LGE案中作出解釋後,便將權利耗盡理論亦稱為第一次銷售理論帶往另一個層次。此案已被普遍認為對於美國過去的判例影響甚鉅,對於產業界的商業活動發展更是具有深遠的影響。智慧財產權旨在保護發明及創造公眾利益間取得一平衡點,權利耗盡理論長久以來已被視為專利法中重要的一環,並藉以杜絕專利權人的過當控制。而最高法院對於第一次銷售理論的解釋,則進而撼動專利權人長此以往對限制性銷售策略的仰賴。 即便銷售後限制(Post-sale restriction)確實提供了專利權人避免耗盡其權利的好方法,但專利權範圍則限縮了專利權人所享有的權利控制範圍,換言之,專利權人僅能擁有專利法所賦予的權利,且其加諸於被授權人的購買條件限制僅限於該專利之功能及使用目的。而超越該專利功能及使用目的的過分限制,則可能導致專利權濫用。而在開放WTO框架下,國際貿易的頻繁也使得權利耗盡衍生出了在散佈等方面的相關討論,平行輸入/輸出的議題亦隨著跨國交易的興盛而隨之重要。 故此篇論文的研究目的不僅僅探討權利耗盡理論及其相關議題,更旨在藉由廣達案的啟發,提供台灣的IT產業一有效的專利授權策略,並提供不論專利權人或被授權人於制定授權契約時,能有一更具有策略性的思考方向。 / The Supreme Court’s current decision in Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. brings the exhaustion doctrine also known as first sale doctrine up to a new phase. This case is believed significantly overcome quite a lot of past precedents and will effectively influent industry business operations in the future. The core goal of intellectual property right aims to find a balance between protecting the incentives to create and innovate, and providing the benefits to public interests. Exhaustion doctrine has been long standing as part of patent law to prevent patentees’ over control. The interpretation made by Supreme Court regarding the first sale doctrine does vibrate the conditional sale strategies long believed by patentees. Now the Supreme Court brings the issue from the phase of patent law down to the contract law level. Subsequently, the litigations of antitrust and fair trade are therefore involved while patentees are tempting to make an “end-run” control over the downstream purchasers. Though applying post-sale restriction provides a way out for intellectual property owner from triggering the exhaustion, however, the scope of the patent claims determine how far the privilege is given to the inventors. A patent owner or licenser can only enforce its patent right while the right is truly granted by the patent law. Subsequently, the restriction set forth to limit the licensees or purchasers must be accordance with the function or feature of the patent claims for. On the contrary, the patentee intends to restrict its purchasers by holding the exclusive right which beyond the scope of the patent granted may result to patent misuse, for instance, the resale price maintenance, prohibition of manufacturing the competing products, the conditional license which incorporates another license, and overwhelming royalties on the price of the whole product instead of the actual usage of the patented article. Under WTO, the concern of intellectual property protection has become more critical in the perspective of international trade, different issues and disputes regarding exhaustion have also been generated. Not alike the traditional domestic exhaustion, the discussion regarding distribution has therefore been derived. Moreover, the issues related to parallel import/export are generated in accordance with the frequent cross-border transaction. The purpose of this research does not merely lead us look into the doctrine and restriction patentees used to impose for avoiding exhaustion. But I intend to further illustrate a guideline based on the inspiration from Quanta and the explanation of the Courts. This guideline should provide both patentees and licensees an orientation while considering making a licensing agreement.

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