愛滋感染者為深受社會烙印且處於社會邊緣的族群，在面對自身權力遭受侵犯時，往往難以看到該人口群為自己或社群發聲與行動，因此，本研究希冀瞭解愛滋感染者的權能表現以及可能的影響因素，藉此達致感染者權能的激發。 本研究採取問卷調查法，以目前台灣的愛滋感染者為主要的受訪者，抽樣方法為立意抽樣，主要透過非營利組織、監所等管道發放問卷，整份問卷主要由受訪者自填或訪員協助填答的方式進行，共回收379份有效問卷。而納入檢驗愛滋感染者權能表現的相關因素主要有個人基本資料、生活滿意度、愛滋內在烙印、參與類型、愛滋知識與服藥狀況；本研究透過獨立樣本T檢定與變異數分析檢驗自變項與依變項的雙變項相關，並透過多元迴歸分析的方式，進行多變項的檢定。 研究結果發現：一、愛滋感染者整體權能表現分布在尚可至中度，且社會政治權能表現最高，但實踐權能的參與行動卻偏低。二、愛滋感染者的生活滿意度位於稍微不滿意至中立的分配，且對於整體生活狀態滿意，但是不滿意過去的生命經驗。三、愛滋感染者的內在烙印程度較高，深受愛滋內在烙印影響者，權能相對較低。四、讓感染者自覺能夠影響他人者，權能表現相對較高。五、愛滋感染者對於愛滋知識的認識有助於權能提昇。六、多元迴歸分析當中，生活滿意度、社區代表參與、愛滋知識與服藥順從度為主要影響感染者權能的因素，共能解釋36％的變異量。 本研究依據研究結果，針對實務工作者、未來研究者以及愛滋感染者進行相關的建議。期許實務工作者能協助感染者權能提昇的執行，研究者能夠繼續探索相關影響因素，而愛滋感染者可以相信自己具有權能的能力。 / People living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) are marginalized by HIV social stigma, and we are hardly to see this population speak and act for their right, even through their right or power is violated. For this reason, I hope to find out the performances and the factors of empowerment of PLWHA. As the results, we can empower this population by the right strategies. The method to carry out this study was using a survey, which held by purposive sampling. People who infected HIV in Taiwan are the main sample size. The participation in this study was contacted by Non-government organizations, prisons and drug abuser center of correction agency, expecting to respond anonymously by them or interviewer. In the end, 379 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument consist of six main parts, including demographic, satisfaction with life scale, HIV internal stigma, participation types, HIV/AIDS knowledge scale and reported compliance with medication. To address this issue, t-test and analyses of variance were used to detect bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables. In order to clarify the explanatory power of variables, a multiple regression analysis was done. All research revealed, the total empowerment is moderate, and social-political empowerment is the highest, but PLWHA seldom participate in activities. Second, participation didn’t satisficate with their life, especially what they got in the past. Third, PLWHA had higher internal stigma score, which was negatively correlated with lower empowerment. Forth, PLWHA who can affect others had higher empowerment score. Fifth, HIV/AIDS knowledge was shown significant associated with empowerment of PLWHA. Sixth, multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction with life scale, community participation, HIV/AIDS knowledge and reported compliance with medication were important factors of empowerment, accounting for 36% variance. Suggestions were given to pratical workers, future researchers and PLWHA: we hope pratical worker can help to raise the empowerment of PLWHA, researcher can keep finding more empowerment factors in the future, and PLWHA can believe they have empower ability to strive for their right.

偏見不只影響遭受者的身心健康，也違背社會正義，為了改善這樣的狀況，研究者們致力於發展降低偏見的方案。不過這些降低偏見的方案通常針對種族或性別群體，卻甚少關心肥胖者與愛滋感染者。肥胖者、愛滋感染者不僅受研究社群忽視，他們在生活中亦不受重視（如醫療體系），因此本論文著眼降低人們對肥胖者、愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一發展降低偏見方案，透過撰寫支持肥胖者或愛滋感染者的短文，引發人們言行不一的認知失調感，可能進而改變其原本對肥胖者或愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一的結果顯示，只有撰寫愛滋主題的參與者其愛滋偏見分數低於其他組別，也就是說他們的行為違反本身對愛滋感染者的既有態度而產生認知失調，透過降低愛滋偏見來化解認知失調之不適感。不過，撰寫肥胖主題的參與者，其肥胖偏見分數則與各組無異，也就是說這種降低偏見的方案對肥胖者的偏見無影響。預試二發現，相對於愛滋感染者，肥胖者通常被視為較可控制自己身屬於該社會群體的命運（可控制性），且其較需為自己的遭遇負責。為了檢視人們認為肥胖者與愛滋感染者可控制性的差異，是否影響偏見方案的效果，研究二除了改良研究一的降低偏見方案外，更操弄可控制性的高低。研究二發現可控制性會調節降低偏見方案的效果－當人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己可以控制時，降低偏見方案的效果較弱；反之，若人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己不能控制的，則降低偏見的效果較強。不過，撰寫肥胖主題文章的參與者則無此效果。這樣的差異或許是因為人們對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的熟悉程度有所不同。相較於愛滋感染者，人們對肥胖者較為熟悉，對其態度不容易改變，不論是接受高可控或低可控的訊息操弄，都無法改變人們對肥胖者的想法。根據本論文結果，認知失調適合降低人們較不熟悉與視其較為不可控的社會群體，如愛滋感染者，不適合應用在人們較熟悉的社會群體，如肥胖者。本論文進一步討論降低偏見方案執行困難的原因，並提出可能的建議與後續的研究方向。 / Prejudice and discrimination may have negative consequences on subordinate group members’ physical and mental health, and prejudice and discrimination also violate social justice. To deal with these problems, researchers have dedicated to develop various interventions to counter prejudice and discrimination. However, most of these interventions focus on racial and gender minorities, and researchers largely ignore people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an intervention that could reduce prejudice against people with obesity, as well as to reduce prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS. According to cognitive dissonance theory, when people’s attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, they feel uncomfortable and in turn change their attitudes to eliminate the inconsistency (Festinger, 1957). Following the basic ideas in cognitive dissonance theory, in Study 1, I randomly assigned participants to write presumably counter-attitudinal essays, in which they write about people with obesity or people with HIV/AIDS (to advocate allocating more resources to them), or school policy change (a control group). The results showed that after writing about people with HIV/AIDS, participants displayed significantly lower prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS than participants in other conditions. However, after writing about people with obesity, participants’ prejudice against people with obesity remained at similar levels as participants in other conditions. According to findings in the second pilot study, the diverging findings in Study 1 may be due to that people with obesity were considered having more controllability and responsibility than people with HIV/AIDS. To further explore the effects of levels of controllability on intervention, I revised Study 1’s intervention and added a manipulation of controllability on people with obesity or on people with HIV/AIDS. The findings showed that controllability manipulation moderated the intervention effect on people with HIV/AIDS, but had no effect on people with obesity. Because participants were more familiar with people with obesity than with people with HIV/AIDS, it is possible that attitudes toward a familiar social group are more difficult to be changed than the attitudes toward an unfamiliar social group, The results suggested that interventions based on cognitive dissonance principle have effects on unfamiliar social groups, such as people with HIV/AIDS. Obstacles with prejudice reduction interventions were further discussed; suggestions and future research directions were offered.