中文摘要 育成中心扮演孵育新創事業企業的功能，其成立宗旨不僅希望協助新事業創業成功，更希望透過這樣的中介組織將學研機構的研究能量轉移至新創事業，促進技術創新與技術商品化，鼓勵擁有技術的研發人員勇敢出來創業。 本研究將技術新創事業的過程分成期初階段（進駐初期）與期末階段（進駐一年以上且已開發出prototype）。從其間的各項創業條件能力的增加與重要性來探討育成中心對技術創業的加值。採用個案深度訪談的方式來蒐集主要資料。訪談六家進駐廠商與二個育成中心經理人，共八個個案。依據創業團隊類型（獨立創業型、母公司支援型）為主軸進行個案分析，主要研究發現與結論有： 1. 由母公司結合外來技術轉投資之新創事業通常有較佳的團隊成員結構與事業網路 2. 不同創業團隊類型技術新創事業創業期初共同待加值創業條件為研發人才需求、儀器設備、政府研發經費補助、產學研合作管道 3. 獨立創業型新創事業期初個別待加值創業條件為公司形象、財務管理、行政庶務/法規 4. 不同創業團隊類型之期末(市場發展階段)新創事業共同待加值創業條件包括組織管理、財務支援、行銷能力、建立第二代產品與技術 5. 整體新創事業創業條件加值幅度以"技術"和"創業團隊"較顯著；獨立創業型創業條件加值幅度在"行銷"與"財務"明顯高於母公司支援型 6. 育成中心能提供直接協助的項目較屬於「共享服務」，對「廠商專屬知識服務」則透過其事業網路提供間接協助。 7. 廠商與育成中心對「共享服務」良好效果的認知一致。 8. 「廠商專屬知識服務」服務效果的認知，在人才招募、財務支援、建立第二代產品和技術三項較分岐。儀器設備(工研院)、組織管理、行銷規畫服務效果的認知則一致較低。 表 目 錄 8 圖目錄 10 第一章 緒 論 11 第一節 研究目的與動機 11 第二節 研究問題 13 第二章 文獻回顧 14 第一節 高科技產業環境特性與企業生命週期 14 第二節 創業條件 17 第三節 技術創業的核心要件--技術 30 第四節 技術育成中心功能探討 40 第五節 國內一般創業與技術創業文獻整理與比較 48 第三章 研究方法 53 第一節 研究假設 53 第二節 觀念性架構 54 第三節 研究變數 56 第三節 研究設計 57 第四節 研究限制 61 第四章 個案整理 63 第一節 工研院創業育成中心 63 第二節 A公司 70 第三節 B公司 78 第四節 C公司 87 第五節 D公司 96 第六節 台大慶齡創業育成中心 106 第七節 E公司 111 第八節 F公司 122 第五章 個案比較分析 132 第一節 進駐動機 132 第二節 創業團隊背景與技術來源 135 第三節 創業團隊 138 第四節 財務/行政管理 142 第五節 行銷 145 第六節 技術 147 第七節 製造 151 第八節 創業能力的增長 154 第九節 育成中心服務效果認知 158 第六章 研究發現 160 第七章 結論與建議 174 第一節 結論 174 第二節 實務意涵與建議 177 第三節 後續研究建議 181 參考文獻 183 英文部分 183 中文部分 185 附 錄 187 附錄1: 理想創業12構面狀態圖 187 附錄2 : MIAN育成中心實証研究 188 附錄3 : NBIA育成中心實証研究 190 附錄4: 母公司支援型加值分析 193 附錄5: 獨立創業型加值分析 201 / Abstract Incubator becomes more and more popular and is emphasized in innovation policy in most of the countries. To Nurture New Technological Business Firms (NTBFs), incubators need to provide various services to help the NTBFs to grow up fast and successfully. Incubators in Taiwan weren't created until ITRI first established in Aug. 1996. Most local researches remained on the description of value and operation of incubators. Not much researchs have been persued based on the local experiences. In this study we interview tenants in ITRI and National Taiwan University Chin-Lin incubators and incubator's directors. We try to identify the actual value added that are contributed to the NTBFs from initial stage to final stage. The main conclusions are: 1. NTBFs with parent company supporting, have more balance team and better bussiness networking compared to individual entrepreneur. 2. The needs of NTBFs in different types of entrepreneour team(with or without parant company support) are different in product development stage. 3. The needs of NTBFs market development stage are mainly on management, finance, marketing, next generation product or technology. 4. Incubator's supporting are more directly in company image built up, government R&D subsudy, equipment, R&D cooperation and indirectly in management, finance supporting channel, marketing, next generation product & technology development. 5. Common to all NTBFs , the most significant value added by NTBFs themselves and incubator are technology and team building. 6. Individual entrepreneur, compared to parant company suppot type, have significant capability improvement (by NTBF themselves and incubator ) on marketing and finance. 7. The NTBFs in incubators have the same perception of service effect with incubator managers on "shared services". They have different perception on some of "firm specfic services".

如果你是一名技術創業家，你會選擇在台灣創業，抑或直接到美國創業？如果台灣要成為技術創業家的「天堂」，這座天堂會是長成什麼模樣？若以美國創業環境作為現今台灣「打造創業天堂」的學習典範，台灣應如何「布置」這一座創業天堂？ 知識經濟時代，以知識、技術為基礎而進行之創業活動勢必與智慧財產權密切相關，因此本研究即藉由對於與智慧財產作價投資有關的幾項重要議題，包括智慧財產作價投資之概念、智慧財產作價投資與國內投資、智慧財產作價投資與國際投資、我國研發能量之釋放與科技基本法、智慧財產作價投資之會計處理、智慧財產作價投資之租稅問題、智慧財產作價投資之契約與章程等，進行研究及探討，最後針對美國Google公司之技術創業進行個案研究。內容相當廣泛，涉及法律、投資、會計、租稅、契約、評價、智慧財產、技術移轉等面向，並於探討上述議題後，對於台灣現狀提出如下之政策配套及法令修改建議，期許營造台灣成為一座鼓勵創新及創業活動的技術創業天堂： 一、 公司法應允許投資人得以「勞務」出資，建議放寬公司法第156條第5項對於出資種類之限制，並輔以「勞務作價股份銷除制度」作為配套。 二、 公司法應允許得銷除特定股份，而非一體性地等比例銷除，建議修改公司法第168條，賦予公司得以章程規定就特定股份為銷除之權限。。 三、 智慧財產評價之進行，應嚴守於「評價當時」智慧財產權所具有的價值，詳細區分「智慧財產/技術」與「勞務」之不同，而非將經勞務提供後所帶來的經濟價值一併計算在內。 四、 公司法應允許包括「發起設立時」、「募集設立時」，及「發行新股時」等，均得以智慧財產作價投資，建議對於公司法第131條、第156條及第272條之適用要件，予以一致化。 五、 技術並非法律上所規範之權利客體，建議將公司法第156條第5項所稱「技術」修改為「智慧財產」。 六、 對於擁有龐大智慧財產的公立學校及政府機關，應為其尋思解套方法。建議立法規定公立學校及行政機關得另成立一法人組織或基金會，將其所擁有之智慧財產權全部移轉至該智權控股機構或基金會中，由該組織或基金會來運用該些智慧財產權。 七、 現行政府之對外投資政策及法令仍處於管制經濟之思維，建議應加快我國對外投資自由化之腳步。 八、 科技基本法將智財權下放予執行單位，而行政院及各主管機關又訂定辦法對於執行單位之各項智權運用活動課以程序上之繁瑣要求，包括公開、公正之程序，境外實施需事前經主管機關許可等等，此些限制實已造成「智財之不完全下放」現象，嚴重阻礙以智慧財產作價投資建構技術創業天堂之實現。 九、 關於專利權及專門技術之攤折問題，建議應委請公正單位評估該技術之有效生命週期，同時提出該專利權及專門技術之「可能享有年限」，以作為會計上攤折之依據，並顧及企業營運上財務報表資訊之如實揭露。 十、 針對課稅時點之問題，由於作價投資所取得之股票，乃是「財產形式之轉變」，投資人實際上並未獲取所得，必須等到賣出股票時才有所得產生，故建議應於「股票轉讓時」始進行所得稅課徵。 十一、 技術創業要成功，重點是技術移轉要成功，因此，技術移轉之內容及方法便需於契約中詳加規範。 十二、 美國矽谷地區，創業人擁有創新與創業精神，並持續進行技術研發；學校提供創業所需資源、人脈予新創公司及創業人；而創投公司及天使投資人的資金挹注及管理要求與導入，更是新創公司成功的重要因素。此外，整體的外在大環境，包括冒險精神、會計制度、公司制度、租稅制度、法令制度及專業服務機構等等，都是營造創業天堂所不可或缺的要素。 / If you are a technology entrepreneur, will you start your business in Taiwan or in the U.S.? What is the Paradise for technology entrepreneurs if Taiwan chooses to become one? What should Taiwan provide in the environment if Taiwan takes the U.S. as a model of Entrepreneurship Paradise? In the era of knowledge-based economy, any start-up based on knowledge and technology will be closely related to issues of intellectual property. The thesis will focus on several important issues about investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity, such as its concept, domestic and international investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity, industrialization and commercialization of R&D results in Taiwan and the Science and Technology Basic Law, accounting procedures and taxation issues, contracts and regulations of investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity. The thesis will also illustrate with the case study of Google. The discussion tries to elaborate the issue from various aspects, including law, investment, accounting, taxation, contracts, technology evaluation, intellectual property and technology transfer. The thesis concludes with the following suggestions for governmental policy and law on the issues discussed, to build a paradise, friendly to innovation and start-ups, for technology entrepreneurs in Taiwan. 1. Labor should be recognized as an investment in Company Act. The limitation of investment category of Article 156 (5) should be expanded and be complemented with an elimination system of labor equity. 2. Elimination of specific shares, instead of elimination by ratio, should be allowed in Company Act. The thesis also proposes to amend Company Act Article 168 to authorize the enterprise to eliminate specific shares. 3. The evaluation of intellectual property should faithfully reflect its value for the time being. It should also distinguish the difference between the value of intellectual property/ technology and of labor, instead of a compound evaluation of both. 4. The investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity should be allowed when a company is established by means of promotion and by means of offer as well as when it issues new stocks. The applicable conditions of Company Act Article 131, 156, and 272 should be unified. 5. The term “technology” should be changed into “intellectual property” in Company Act Article 156 (5), given that “technology” is not an object of right defined by law. 6. There should be more channels for public universities and governmental institutions for the release of intellectual property. The government or legislators should enable public universities and governmental institutions to establish an institution or foundation and to transfer/ license their intellectual property to the institution for better use. 7. The government should abandon economic controlling measure through policy and regulation about overseas investment and speed up the liberation. 8. Science and Technology Basic Law authorize intellectual property rights to the executives. However, the Executive Yuan and other authorities set up orders and regulations on procedures about the application of intellectual property, including “public and fair procedure,” “overseas execution permission,” and so on. Those orders and regulations violate the spirits of Science and Technology Basic Law and prevent Taiwan from the Paradise for entrepreneurs. 9. Life cycle of patent and know-how should be evaluated by impartial organizations. The prediction of possible effective year of said patent and know-how should be taken for depreciation and amortization in accounting and be publicized as financial information of a company. 10. The investment with contribution of intellectual property should be taxed when stocks are transferred because such investments are transformation of asset types and the investors do not obtain actual income until the stocks are sold. 11. The success of a technology start-up depends on the success of technology transfer. Hence, the content and method of technology transfer should be defined in detail in the contract. 12. The entrepreneurs in the Silicon Valley in the U.S. possess the spirits of innovation and entrepreneurship and keeps on technology research and development. The universities provide resources and personnel network for start-ups and entrepreneurs. Financing, introduction and demand of effective management from Venture Capitals and Angel Funds are the key factors for the success of start-up companies. Besides, the environment, including venture spirits, accounting and taxation system, company structures, law and regulation, and professional institutions, are indispensible for the establishment of the Paradise for entrepreneurs.