Neill(1977) 發現 Stroop 色字干擾作業中前一嘗試 (S1) 的干擾字和 後一嘗試 (S2) 的顏色反應相同時，會對後一嘗試的正確反應形成干擾項 －抑制效果。 本研究以 Neill(1977) 的連續嘗試叫色作業，探討 S2 刺 激類型與 S1 反應至 S2 刺激呈現時距 (RSI) 對干擾項－抑制效果的影 響，並說明簡單抑制論 Neill (1977) 、反應抑制論 Tipper(1985) 及編 碼調適論 Lowe(1985) 的適切性。實驗一探討不同 S2 刺激類型產生的影 響，結果合諧字並沒有任何抑制或促進的效果，符號非字和不合諧字得到 干擾項－抑制效果，皆符合簡單抑制論的預測，反應抑制論也能以策略的 因素來解釋實驗一的結果，而編碼調適論不易解釋合諧字的結果。實驗二 探討色條在不同 RSI 產生效果的變化情形，發現色條在短 RSI 產生很少 的促進影響， 在 RSI 較長的情境中色條皆產生干擾項－抑制效果，較為 支持簡單抑制論的假設，反應抑論和編碼調適論則無法解釋色條在長 RSI 產生的干擾項－抑制效果。因此在連續嘗試的 Stroop 叫色作業中， S2 刺激類型及 RSI 對干擾項－抑制效果產生的影響， 簡單抑制論能直接預 測與解釋， 反應抑制論及編碼調適論對色條在長 RSI 的干擾項－抑制效 果則不易解釋。

視覺辨識是極其快速而且正確的，逐步揭露作業可展示此一閃而過的動態視覺辨識歷程，本研究目的即在以此作業探討主角與地點在動態視覺辨識過程中相互影響的內涵。實驗一旨在建立主角與地點的視覺辨識基準線，結果發現主角比起地點只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識，得到物體優勢效果。實驗二旨在驗證物體與背景之間在視覺處理上的非獨立關係，透過操弄單獨呈現與同時呈現兩種視覺呈現方式，以主角辨識作業與地點辨識作業加以驗證。結果顯示對地點辨識作業而言，同時呈現情況比起單獨呈現情況只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識；對主角辨識作業而言，單獨呈現情況與同時呈現情況並無不同。除此之外，在單獨呈現情況下，仍獲得物體優勢效果。但在同時呈現情況下，物體優勢效果並不復見，反而是地點辨識優於主角辨識。實驗二結果支持物體與背景之間在視覺處理上為非獨立關係。實驗三進一步從「一致性效果」在促進層面以及抑制層面上的作用情況，探討物體與背景之間在視覺處理上相互影響的內涵。實驗三a結果顯示，在主角辨識作業中所得到的「一致性效果」，源於地點訊息對主角辨識在抑制層面的作用而來。實驗三b結果顯示，在地點辨識作業中所得到「一致性效果」，則源於主角訊息對地點辨識在促進層面與抑制層面的作用而來。實驗四進一步以同時呈報的作業方式，讓參與者對整張場景進行辨識，對於視覺系統所知覺到的主角內容與地點內容都需加以呈報，藉此再次驗證主角與地點處理的相互影響。其結果顯示在主角內容與地點內容呈報時，皆獲得「一致性效果」。除此之外，在一致情況與不一情況下皆獲得物體優勢效果。本研究以動態視覺處理模型中物體與背景平行處理且密切交換訊息之觀點解釋所得結果，並提出注意力分佈在此動態視覺處理歷程扮演重要角色。 / Visual recognition is a fast and accurate process. The present study adopted a progressive revelation task, which mimics the visual dynamics appropriately, to investigate the interaction of character and surroundings in the dynamic visual processing. Experiment 1 aimed to establish visual recognition curves for character and surroundings separately as baselines. The results showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for character than surroundings, so that it showed the object advantage effect. In Experiment 2, the non-independent relationship between the object- and background-related visual processes was verified. The performance of isolation condition with the character and surroundings presented in isolation was compared to the concurrent condition with the two presented concurrently. The results of the surroundings recognition task showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for concurrent condition than isolation condition. In contrast, for the character recognition task, there was no difference between these two conditions. These results supported the non-independent relationship between object- and background-related processes. Object advantage effect was replicated in the isolation condition but not in the concurrent condition, which meant that surroundings required less amount of perceptual evidence than character for visual recognition instead. In Experiment 3, interaction between object- and background-related processes was investigated by consistency effect from both the aspects of facilitation and inhibition effects. Results of Experiment 3a showed that consistency effect was only contributed by inhibition effect in the character recognition task. Results of Experiment 3b showed that both the facilitation and inhibition effects contributed to the consistency effect in the surroundings recognition task. In Experiment 4, participants were asked to report both the contents of character and surroundings. The results showed that consistency effects occurred in both of the content reports. And also the object advantage effect appeared in both of the consistent and inconsistent conditions. Overall, the results of the present study implied that object- and background-related visual processes operate in parallel while interchange information intimately at each level of the visual processing stages. The results also suggest that deployment of attention resource played an important role in the dynamic visual process.