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博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

文獻學與文化研究是金學研究的大宗，二者關注的共同點是《金瓶梅》「寫了什麼」；本論文則結合評點及敘事學，整合《金瓶梅》的敘事原則，分析特定敘事筆法反覆出現的用意，有系統地探究《金瓶梅》的敘事特徵及藝術成就，亦即藉著分析敘事者「如何講述故事」，建立起藝術筆法與小說內容之間的關係。 援引敘事理論探討傳統小說，一部份的目的在於更精確地描述小說的特色，而非還原作者的意圖，或尋求完整的詮釋體系。因此，雖然西方敘事理論已發展成一套便於操作的分析方法，但本論文並不完全依循敘事理論解析《金瓶梅》，僅參酌敘事理論能與傳統評點相互呼應之處，論述用語仍以評點為主，取其切合中國文化與詮釋傳統的優點，可避免論述文字歐化之病；也保留評點特意關注，但敘事理論並未探究者。本論文章節架構則大體依照敘事理論建立，不只為了條理分明地說明評點的內涵，也注重敘事理論已經觸及，但評點論述不足的敘事特徵，藉此開拓《金瓶梅》的詮釋面向。 本論文從結構、時空、視角三個層面，析論《金瓶梅》的敘事技巧，並參酌熱奈特（Gérard Genette）的敘事理論。論文第二章便借用他對故事時間及敘事時間的區分，對敘事「延伸」（narrative scattering）的分析，以及科比利（Paul Cobley）對敘事中「期待」及「回憶」的探討，來闡釋《金瓶梅》組織段落的次序所蘊含的意義，並說明書中如何聯繫不連續的片段。本章亦探討評點中「綴合」的觀念，分析《金瓶梅》如何連接相鄰的片段。第三章援引羅蘭‧巴特（Roland Barthes）「現實效應」（reality effects）的概念，分析《金瓶梅》中的「細節」及評點者的閱讀樂趣，並重新思考蒲安迪（Andrew H. Plaks）「形象迭用」的意涵。第四章則運用敘事理論中的「視角」（point of view）及「敘事情境」（narrative situatiion），重新詮釋說書人及說書情境對傳統小說的影響，並藉助「凝視」（gaze）及「偷窺」（voyeurism）理論，探討《金瓶梅》中擅以偷窺寫人物「破綻」的特徵。 透過本論文的分析可知，作者重新組織包羅萬象的現實生活，使敘事時間及故事時間之間產生對比，不但具有相互映照或延宕懸念的效果，也能涵容同一敘事時間內的諸多敘事線索。各種串接不同片段的敘事筆法，則使人物及事件間產生緊密的聯繫，形成各個事件之間互為因果，錯綜影響的關係。「說書」的情境能聯繫虛構的小說世界與真實的人生，構成小說人物種種所為被公諸於世的語境，滿足聽眾／讀者一窺究竟的好奇心與偷窺欲；以小說人物的偷窺作為敘事視角時，則能突顯敘事視角隱含的意識型態，也使讀者及評點者都成為偷窺者，獲得不同的閱讀樂趣。上述特徵與《金瓶梅》隨處可見的「擬真」描寫，以及「白描」、「沒要緊處」餘韻無窮的筆墨，共同構成《金瓶梅》逼真的時空環境與特殊的講述角度，使讀者藉著虛擬的經驗，在極短的閱讀時間之內，見證西門家的興亡盛衰，感同身受地理解「盛極而衰」及「一切皆空」的哲理。

目前以HTML所編輯出的超媒體文件對於多媒體資料在時空關係上缺少提供給文件設計者的精確性及相依性描述，提供給讀者的互動效果也有不足處。為了彌補上述的缺憾，本研究提出超媒體文件的運算結構來處理多媒體物件在時空關係上的描述以及與使用者互動的議題，以物件導向設計方法設計出運算環境類別、一元運算功能類別與多元運算功能類別，並利用Java語言建置出一套腳本描述語言工具來輔助HTML的展現效果。

維珍妮亞‧吳爾芙《燈塔行》揉合小說與繪畫，在作者創新的手法、精湛的技巧背後藏有模仿人物情緒、情感最纖細的體味。《燈塔行》不論筆觸、內容或意境在在表現出吳爾芙追尋主題、濃厚的繪畫知性與感性傾向，對吳爾芙而言，生命與藝術的追求便是唯善至美的永久追求。本論文第一章試就作品“空間模式”的技巧運用檢視其分裂斷折的文字敘述，框化的造形藝術，視覺官能的虛擬情境。第二章說明“空間模式”中不可或缺的時間因素，進而將時空互動關係演至“空”這觀念，說明吳爾芙的生命觀與追尋的價值。在作者形象語言中，追尋具有圖案或圖畫，不管是藍姆西先生的線條邏列、藍姆西太太的靜態平面、或第三章中討論的莉莉‧柏斯蔻的畫作，都可以感受到這些人物對世間萬事萬物的企圖和努力。 / This study examines Virginia Woolf's innovative form and style in <u>To the Lighthouse</u> designed to imitate the confusion of thoughts, emotions, and views of life and to reveal man's search for life's meaning and his struggle to give shape to his experiences. Chapter One of this thesis investigates the spatial form of the text, particularly the disrupted narrative, the use of frames and the focus on virtual reality. In this chapter, I try to show that the spatial writing in fact produces simultaneity and that simultaneity often makes the thoughts and emotions arise all at once. Chapter Two discusses the notion of the spatio-temporal interdependence with demonstrations of the Ramsays' search patterns, the line and the surface, the facing and the fusing. This chapter explains the idea of man's searching for order through time and the empty space as exemplified by the novel's middle part, "Time Passes." In using the similar plastic language of colors and shapes, Mr and Mrs. Ramsay suggest their common destiny, a quest for order and unity that is extended to the final chapter. Chapter Three follows and develops the search motif in Lily Briscoe's painting process, a process that combines visual actualities and memories.

隨著地籍管理工作在廣度深度上的增加，使得地籍、土地利用等歷史資料的查詢與檢索日益頻繁，但現階段地籍管理系統之建置方法對於歷史資料查詢之效率較差。本文在探討含時間維度資料庫之建置方法，並利用異動時間與異動註記等欄位及異動紀錄表之建立，令目前地籍管理系統可達到以時間維度，或指定地號，進行地籍資料查詢與檢索。 / The more cadastral management is developed, the more historic data query of cadastre and land use are important. The primary purpose of this study is concentrated on the recoveries of parcel linage and areas on any time profile. The targets of this research are placed on design of spatio-temporal data model, and the analysis of efficiency of data recovery and query.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第23337号 / 生博第455号 / 新制||生||61(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 松崎 文雄, 教授 影山 龍一郎, 教授 見学 美根子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(教育学) / 甲第24358号 / 教博第288号 / 新制||教||217(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科教育学環専攻 / (主査)教授 楠見 孝, 教授 齊藤 智, 准教授 高橋 雄介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24078号 / 理博第4845号 / 新制||理||1693(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 小山 時隆, 教授 田村 実, 教授 山内 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

香港作家董啟章的長篇小說《自然史三部曲》是一項規模龐大的寫作計畫。此計畫採取「自然史」的形式，旨在跨越文明史觀轉向一切事物的源頭追索。進而，這一系列創作主要是透過多聲部的對位和應答去營造，小說的時間與速度、情感與思考皆呈現出繁複而動態的效果。就內容言，自然史意在廣納物質與語言的創造、時空與情感的迸生、身體與性愛的顯露，以及人類作為物種的誕生與成長（Bildung）等包羅萬有的主題。藉此，自然史試圖重新思索一個人與自我、他人以至世界的複雜關係，並且在不返回基礎形上學的前提下再度探問人類的存有與行動之條件。 　　在方法上，本研究首先沿著董啟章的小說創作軌跡去勾勒自然史的孕生過程和主題結構，接著引發巴赫金（Mikhail Bakhtin）與董啟章在小說理論上的差異對話，從而針對三部曲的敘事形式和內容進行文本詮釋。我們重點強調巴赫金的時空體（chronotope）範疇與對話性（dialogicality）思想，以及他對歌德與杜斯妥也夫斯基的詮釋將會是董啟章與巴赫金之間的潛在理論戰場。此外，本論文亦將反身地探問董啟章的小說本體論，並提出「自然寫實主義」的概念來描述其小說風格。具體而言，自然寫實主義將從兩個面向鋪陳論證，亦即三部曲中的自然即是歷史性以及寫實主義超越客觀性的非傳統意涵。 　　首部曲《天工開物‧栩栩如真》展開作者與主角的美學倫理問題，繼而在自我意識的分裂對話中遭遇可能的想像他者。這部曲的原創之處在於重新納入自然的假設，凸顯自然與人為彼此延伸或開放的關鍵在於想像的再造，位處人之盡頭的嶄新思考（時間）和語言（生命）。第二部《時間繁史‧啞瓷之光》積極破除作者自我的迷障，回應生活中的具體他人。這部曲除了以時空體的迸生理解對話性的成長，更特別透過諸般藝術形象作為純粹符號，一方面證明自我與他人的對話總有超越語言溝通的可能，另方面暗指自然正是要透過準自然的文物揭櫫，在眾多主體性抵消的零和之處浮現。第三部《物種源始‧貝貝重生之學習年代》的人物返回觀點外在化、立場公共化的新古典精神。這部曲凸顯了作者自我的退隱同時也是多重作者再次進場的契機。發展至此，大寫作者的回歸已不再意涵辯證綜合的某個絕對精神，而比較是某種實證集合的自然人存有體。於是，人類透過書寫的行動與身體的經驗重新獲得了學習和成長的潛能。 　　最後，本研究將論證，董啟章的自然寫實主義創新地結合歌德的自然科學觀和杜斯妥也夫斯基穿透主體的寫實主義，意即在巴赫金的小說理論基礎上進行了雙重跨越。與此同時，董啟章的自然史三部曲激進地超越了片面的政治、經濟和社會史觀。他針對小說文類的創造性實驗冒險地催生出一種後歷史的人類科學，也許甚至是一部未來性的人類史詩。 / Hong Kong novelist Dung Kai-Cheung’s Natural History Trilogy is a writing project on the grand-scale. This project is presented in the form of “natural history”, a form of traversing the entire history of civilization to inquire into the source of all things. The series of fictional works mainly utilize a multi-vocal device of counterpoints or mutual responses to create an effect of moving labyrinths in the novel with regards to its narrative time and speed, affect and idea. In terms of content, natural history intends to accommodate a wide variety of themes such as the creation of materiality and language, the emergence of time-spaces and affects, the manifestation of the human body and sexuality, as well as the birth and growth (Bildung) of the human species. As such, natural history seeks to reconsider the complex relationships a single human being may enter with him/herself, with others, and with the world. As a result, natural history reexplores the conditions of being in the world and human action without lapsing into fundamental metaphysics. On the methodological level, this thesis first of all outlines the preparatory phases and thematic structures of natural history along the trajectory of Dung Kai-Cheung’s early writings, and thereafter initiates an alternative dialogue about the theory of the novel between Mikhail Bakhtin and Dung Kai-Cheung with and aim to conduct textual interpretations of the trilogy’s narrative forms and plot contents. We will foreground Bakhtin’s conception of chronotope and dialogicality as well as his interpretation of Goethe and Dostoevsky as the potential theoretical battlegrounds between Bakhtin and Dung. Additionally, this thesis will reflexively search after Dung Kai-Cheung’s ontology of the novel, thereby putting forward a notion called “natural realism” to describe the style of his trilogy. Specifically speaking, we will elaborate on the idea of natural realism in two respects, namely the unconventional implications of nature as historicity and realism as supra-objectivity. The first episode Works and Creations poses a question of aesthetic ethics regarding the author-hero relationship in which the possibility of encounters with fantastic others can be created through an internal dialogue of divided self-consciousnesses. The originality of this episode resides in staging a hypothetical return of nature for the sake of showcasing that the mutual openness and extension between natural and artificial facts depend on remaking of imagination, and resides in a new horizon of thought and language at the end of man. The second episode Histories of Time further engages in lifting the barrier of the authorial self, after which a living response to actual others may be recovered. This episode not only understands dialogical Bildung through the prism of chronotopic emergence but also envisages a variety of artistic figures as pure signs. This literary device is designed to demonstrate that dialogues between the self and others could always surpass the linguistic form of communication, and also intimate that nature is manifested through these cultural relics of quasi-nature and reemerged in the extermination of multiple subjectivities at the end of a zero-sum game. The third episode The Age of Learning brings the characters back to the neo-classical spirit in which each viewpoint gains a notable voice and all standpoints are rendered public. This episode lays emphasis on the retreat of the authorial self as a simultaneous chance for the return of multiple authorship. As of now, the return of the Author no longer implies the dialectical synthesis of some absolute spirit, but rather a certain positive assembly of natural human beings. Henceforth, the human species regains the potentialities of learning and growth through the action of writing and bodily experience. Eventually speaking, the thesis will argue that Dung Kai-Cheung’s natural realism is the fruitful result of an innovative integration of Goethe’s idea of natural science and Dostoevsky’s subject-penetrating realism, a result based upon striding across Bakhtin’s interpretations of both literary giants. In the meantime, Dung Kai-Cheung’s trilogy of natural history opens up a frontier radically transcend any one-sided view of history in favor of politics, economics and/or society. His creative experiment with the novel genre ventures to deliver a post-historical human science, perhaps even a future-oriented human epic.