長久以來，憂鬱情緒一直是自然科學與社會科學界關注的重要議題，而其中女性較男性憂鬱的現象也受到重視。雖然自然科學界的研究一再指出健康行為對減輕憂鬱情緒的幫助，但並不是每個人都有機會擁有健康的生活型態。尤其在性別方面，性別間的健康行為差異是否能解釋兩性的憂鬱情緒落差即是本研究的課題。本文將透過檢驗暴露差異性以及脆弱差異性假設，了解性別間的憂鬱情緒落差是如何由本身脆弱差異性，以及兩性暴露的風險不同所造成。本研究使用「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」在2005年以及2010年的資料，以吸菸、喝酒、運動，三個健康行為作為健康生活型態的指標，對此問題進行分析。研究結果發現，健康生活型態對台灣民眾的憂鬱情緒有影響，吸菸有增加憂鬱情緒的效果，而運動則有減輕憂鬱情緒的效果。將吸菸、喝酒加入模型後，性別落差會增加，而運動的加入則有助於降低性別落差，支持暴露差異性假設。在性別上，吸菸對於男性有顯著增加憂鬱情緒的效果，對女性則無；而運動對於女性降低憂鬱情緒的效果則較大。然而，兩指標的性別差異並沒有達到統計上的顯著水準，因此只能部分支持脆弱差異性假設。希望本文的研究結果有助於了解兩性間的憂鬱情緒落差，並提供憂鬱情緒的影響機制更完整的圖像。 / Gender differences in distress has been well documented in literatures. However, it is unclear about the effect of health lifestyles on gender disadvantage in mental health. To explain the gender gap in distress, there are two hypotheses: differential exposure hypothesis and differential vulnerability hypothesis. In this study, the data are from Taiwanese Social Change Survey conducted in 2005 and 2010. The three indices I choose are the frequency of smoking, drinking, and exercising. The two main findings are: (1) Smoking deteriorates distress while exercising ameliorates it. Also, adding smoking and drinking into the predicting model increases the gender gap in distress, whereas adding exercising decreases the gap. These findings support the differential exposure hypothesis; (2) the effect of smoking is significant for men but not for women. However, the effect of exercising is more important to women. Although the gender differences in smoking and exercising effects are not significant, the findings support the differential vulnerability hypothesis partially.