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台北市高中職學生愛情態度、憂鬱情緒與分手因應之相關研究林嘉梅 Unknown Date (has links)
高中職階段是人生發展重要的階段之一。高中職學生正處於兩性角色互動學習的階段,個人生理、心理發展狀況亦日趨成熟,然而隨著社會風氣的開放,加上大眾傳播媒體渲染、西方文化的衝擊、升學壓力減緩等因素影響,高中職學生談戀愛已是非常普遍的事實,而他們的愛情態度及觀念,亦在無形之中發生重大的改變。
其次,高中職學生因感情問題不睦衍生的偏差行為事件也有增加的趨勢,每每校園中發生學生偏差行為事件時,追根究底,常發現其原因很多都是感情因素而起。因此,本研究旨在探討高中職學生愛情態度、憂鬱情緒、分手因應等面向之相關情形。
本研究採問卷調查法,研究對象為台北市8所公私立高中職日間部學生,透過各校軍訓教官協助進行施測,共計發出問卷1080份,回收1080份,回收後進行正式統計分析的有效問卷比例為 83%(898份)。研究項目分為下列4部分:一、個人背景表;二、愛情態度量表;三、個人憂鬱情緒量表;四、分手因應量表。主要在於想了解不同的個人特質對高中職學生的愛情態度、憂鬱情緒、分手因應的影響及愛情態度、憂鬱情緒、分手因應三變項之間的相關情形。
本研究以下列統計分析方法處理相關資料:描述性統計、因素分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關,得到以下結論:
在愛情態度、憂鬱情緒、分手因應的現況方面,研究發現:台北市高中職學生的「愛情態度」傾向「友伴之愛」;面臨分手壓力時,部份帶有「輕度憂鬱」傾向;分手因應方式則大多傾向「問題取向積極因應」方式。
本研究共提出4個假設,有1個假設獲得驗證,另外3個假設獲得部份驗證。首先,在愛情態度面向,共命名8個因素,分別為:1.自我犧牲因素、2.家人因素、3.感情破裂因素、4.友誼因素、5.愛情專一因素、6.親密因素、7.美貌因素、8.承諾因素。總解釋量為55.02%。
個人特質之不同,在8個因素中,在自我犧牲因素中,父親每月所得達到相當顯著差異,科系性質則達到極顯著差異。失戀次數在感情破裂因素中達到極顯著差異。科系性質在友誼因素中達到相當顯著差異。在親密因素中,父親每月所得及母親每月所得達到相當顯著差異。失戀次數則達到極顯著差異。最後,在承諾因素中,父親教育程度達到相當顯著差異,科系性質則有極顯著差異。
其次,在憂鬱情緒面向,共命名三個因素,分別為:1.自我否定因素、2.生理失調因素、3.心理鬱鬱因素。總解釋量為60.64%。母親每月所得在自我否定因素有顯著差異,學校屬性達到相當顯著差異,性別在心理鬱鬱因素有顯著差異。
最後,在分手因應面向,共命名8個因素,分別為:1.自暴自棄因素、2.尋求解決因素、3.自我調適因素、4.尋求專業因素、5.大吃大睡因素、6.宣洩情緒因素、7.委諸天命因素、8.淨化心靈因素。總解釋量為57.45%。個人特質之不同,在8個因素中,科系性質在自暴自棄因素達到相當顯著差異。在大吃大睡因素中,失戀次數有相當顯著差異。在宣洩情緒因素中,父親職業、母親每月所得有相當顯著差異,科系性質則達到極顯著差異。在淨化心靈因素中,失戀次數、科系性質則有極顯著差異。
在愛情態度、憂鬱情緒及分手因應三變項方面,愛情態度與憂鬱情緒相關係數為正0.2948,P<0.0001,達到極顯著相關。愛情態度與分手因應相關係數為正0.4215,且P<0.0001,達到極顯著相關。憂鬱情緒與分手因應相關係數為正0.3630,且P<0.0001,亦達到極顯著相關。此顯示愛情態度、憂鬱情緒、分手因應三個變項,彼此互相影響。
綜合上列研究結果,研究者建議高中職學生應多學習兩性相處之道,建立正確的兩性觀念,依本身興趣及能力,學習不同領域的知識,參加各種課外活動,藉以培養第二專長,轉移生活重心;家長方面,則建議家長仍應利用時間與子女談心,建立良好的親子溝通,掌握其交友狀況;學校方面,建議學校多舉辦有關兩性交往的演講、活動,健全學生的兩性觀念,培養正確的應變能力;其次,學校應加強學生感情問題的諮商與輔導,減少學生因感情問題衍生的偏差行為。 / Vocational high school is one of the most important stages in development. The students of vocational high school live in the stage of bisexual interactional . Their physiological and psychological development matures increasingly. With the open society, the spread of multimedia, the impact of Western culture and the decreasing pressure of pursuing advanced studies, they are apt to fall into love. However, Their attitude and idea of love change greatly unconsciously.
Next, the fact that their love doesn`t go smoothly often leads to their misbehavior. To get to the core of the problem , the students` misbehavior in school more or less arises from their poor handing of love among themselves. This research mainly aims at their attitude , and the solution of how to break up gracefully.
This research use questionnaire, which includes eight public and private day high schools. With the help of military officers,1080 copies are handed out and returned, but 898 (83%) is valid. The research falls into four categories: personal background; love attitude ; depression and responses to breakup .The purpose is to understand how their different characteristics influence their love attitude , depression and responses to breakup.
This conclusion is based on the following data: Descriptive Statistics , Factor Analysis , t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson Product Correlation.
In the aspect of love attitude , depression and responses to breakup, the survey finds out that their love attitude tends to be a love of companion. When facing the pressure of breakup, part of them tend to be slight melancholia, but their responses to breakup tends to be positive.
This survey provides four suppositions, one is confirmed while the others are partly confirmed. Firstly, in the aspect of love attitude , there are eight factors: self-sacrifice; family; breakup; friendship; devotion to love; intimacy; looks and promise. The gross amount of explanation is 55.02%.
Self-sacrifice varies rather obviously in their fathers` income and varies greatly in the features of the department. The breakup in love varies greatly in the number of being lovelorn. Friendship varies rather obviously in the features of department. Intimacy varies rather obviously in their parents` income and varies greatly in the number of being lovelorn. Lastly,promise varies rather obviously in fathers` education and varies greatly in the features of the department.
Next, in the aspect of depression , there are three factors:self-denial; physiological maladjustment and depression , the gross amount of explanation is 60.64%. Self-denial varies obviously in mother`s monthly income, rather obviously in kinds of school and obviously in depression.
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以「壓力-素質」的觀點探討中學生的「自殺危險性」之影響因子王韻齡 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要立基於「素質-壓力」模式,以「衝動性」及「焦慮性」為本研究主要之「素質」因子;以「憂鬱情緒」及「無望感」為本研究主要之「壓力」因子,旨在了解何種「素質-壓力」因子模式互動情況下會有較高的「自殺危險性」。本研究以國高中一∼三年級學生共326位為研究對象,依本研究之測量工具為:「特質焦慮量表」、「無望感量表」、「貝克憂鬱感量表」、「自殺危險程度量表」、「衝動性量表」等。資料收集後統計分析以次數分配;皮爾森積差相關;階層回歸分析等統計方式。研究結果顯示具高「焦慮性」素質之個體在遭遇高「憂鬱情緒」時,對「自殺危險性」具有高預測力。依據過去文獻,「焦慮」和「憂鬱情緒」皆屬於「負向情感」,亦即本研究結果顯示「負向情感」對「自殺危險性」而言具有顯著的影響性。此外,對於未來自殺防治的工作而言,須同時注意個體長期特質焦慮性及憂鬱情緒上的問題。
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士官兵適應問題之研究周彥中 Unknown Date (has links)
當今社會是一個變化快速、重視物質文明、普世價值多元的環境,復以家庭結構改變及大眾傳媒發達等因素的影響,使得此背景下的青年在進入軍中後,是否會衍生相關適應問題,殊值深究。
基於此,研究者希望透過對士官兵適應問題的蒐整,探討其中潛在因素,除了提供理論貢獻外,尚可讓實際負責官兵生活管理的基層幹部及相關心理輔導工作人員,據以瞭解士官兵在生活適應程度、生活壓力高低、人際關係好壞、憂鬱情緒掌握的程度,藉以做為官兵輔導工作的依據以及改善部隊適應問題政策的參考。
研究對象以立意取樣法,選擇北部地區陸軍單位義務役士官兵1089員為施測對象,最後以1044份有效問卷進行分析。(有效比率為95.87%)
研究工具依據文獻探討所得資料,結合軍中從事官兵心理輔導工作人員、心理(社工)系所畢業人員、學者專家以及研究者個人工作經驗共同編製
。問卷共有126題,其中120題為測量題,6 題為個人基本資料,內容包含「個人特質」以及「生活適應」、「生活壓力」、「人際關係」、「憂鬱情緒」等四個部分;個人特質則包含受試者的性別、年齡、階級、職務、單位性質、婚姻狀況、以及服役時間等。因素分析結果:生活適應之解釋力為 54.31%,分別命名為環境壓力、身心調適、人際互動、生理需求及正向想法;生活壓力之解釋力為 55.39%,分別命名為連隊壓力、任務達成、管教感受、勤務經驗及支持系統;人際關係之解釋力為 53.15%,分別命名為人際疏離、人際圓融、人際分享、人際信賴及團體領導;憂鬱情緒之解釋力為 60.33%,分別命名為無意義感、情緒轉換、穩定情緒、自我傷害及情緒控制。而整體問卷之內部一致性信度α值為 .98,且其建構效度結果均為解釋同一因素,解釋量為81.25%。
本研究共提出五個假設,有一個假設獲得驗證,另外四個假設獲得部份驗證。研究發現,在適應問題上,士官兵學歷的高低扮演著重要因素,且有學歷愈高者,服役期間的適應問題愈少的趨勢。另外,以逐步多元迴歸分析,了解問卷各因素對士官兵適應問題之預測力,結果發現有效解決士官兵適應問題的方法是從降低其憂鬱情緒困擾、增加其生活適應能力、改善其人際互動關係及紓解其生活壓力感受等四個面向著手;而實際輔導作為則可以從降低個人「連隊壓力」、「無意義感」、「人際疏離」以及「環境壓力」的困擾;提昇個人「身心調適」、「情緒轉換」及「人際圓融」等技巧。因為同時降低或提高一單位上述因素的困擾或能力,就會相對減少士官兵約79.6%的適應問題。
根據研究結果之發現,提出以下十項建議:(一)充實學識,提昇適應能力—學歷愈高者,其適應狀況愈好;因此,提供學歷較低的士官兵在職進修的機會,以提昇其適應能力。(二)適應輔導,建立人際網絡—入伍未滿半年之士官兵,其生活適應能力與人際互動關係均較差;因此,應加強輔導渠等之生活適應能力,以及人際網絡的建立。(三)不適應者,暫予職務調整—擔任文書業務之士官兵,其適應狀況較佳;因此,遇有適應問題之士官兵時,暫時調整其職務或擔任文書類的工作,或可有效改善其適應狀況。(四)服役期間,注意憂鬱情緒—士官兵的憂鬱情緒,並不會因服役時間的增長而減少,表示幹部在士官兵服役期間,均須注意士官兵因憂鬱情緒所產生的適應問題。(五)休假安排,甚獲士兵重視—有近七成六的士官兵擔心自己事情做不好而影響到休假,表示「休假」問題仍是他們相當關心的議題。(六)培養節儉,注意經濟問題—有近四成六的士官兵有經濟上的困擾;因此,應多注意士官兵的經濟狀況,並在平日生活中培養其正確理財觀念,以及節儉勤奮的習慣。(七)服從觀念,平日教育要務—有近七成五的士官兵對長官所交辦的任務均能用心完成,且貫徹命令,這種服從觀念的養成,是各級幹部平日教育訓練的成果,應持續保持並強化精進之。(八)合理管教,重視情緒管理—單位管教作為以及幹部個人的情緒,均會影響士官兵適應狀況的好壞;因此,單位今後更應積極朝向正常、合理的管教作為,並增加幹部情緒管理及溝通技巧等學能,落實凡事「說清楚」、「講明白」之雙向溝通模式。(九)增加適應,改善外在環境—影響士官兵適應狀況的不外乎是個人內在認知問題、外在環境問題以及個人與環境互動的問題,要改變個人內在認知的困難度或許比較大,但外在環境的改變卻是顯而易做的,而且可收具體實效。(十)適應問題,有賴體系解決—部隊管理者在處理士官兵適應問題的方法時,可從降低其憂鬱情緒困擾、增加其生活適應能力、改善其人際互動關係及紓解其生活壓力感受等方向著手。
最後,針對未來研究發展方向提出五點看法:(一)質性研究之發展—針對士官兵的填答結果實施訪談,進一步了解其內心世界及想法,以期獲得量化資料所無法窺知的細微資料。(二)不同軍種之比較—了解不同軍種的士官兵在適應問題上,與本研究之差異。(三)志願役軍官及士官兵之探討—以了解志願役軍官及士官兵在適應問題上,與本研究之差異。(四)役前社會工作經驗之探討—了解士官兵役前社會工作經驗長短,對其部隊適應良窳的影響。(五)其他國家之探討—了解其他國家部隊士官兵的適應問題,以及對適應不良士官兵之輔導策略,提供國軍日後精進作法之參考。
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阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止疾患與憂鬱情緒關聯性之探討 / Examining the relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Mood李偉康, Lee, We-Kang Unknown Date (has links)
研究背景與目的:近年來,有不少研究指出阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止疾患(簡稱OSA)患者呈現出高比例的憂鬱情緒,但其盛行率結果分歧,回顧過往文獻也發現OSA與憂鬱情緒的關聯性之結果亦呈現分歧的結果。值得注意的是,OSA與憂鬱情緒之間存在著類似的症狀表現——白天嗜睡,OSA患者可能依據OSA伴隨的嗜睡症狀,回應憂鬱問卷或診斷中的問題,而使其受到誤診或是使盛行率受到高估。為探討此議題,本研究進行兩項研究,分別以橫斷及長期追蹤的資料,探討(一)OSA患者的憂鬱情緒是否聚焦於身體面向,且OSA與憂鬱情緒之間是否受到白天嗜睡中介,以及(二)OSA患者睡眠檢查長期追蹤資料中憂鬱情緒的改變,是否與白天嗜睡程度有關。
研究方法:研究一以台北醫學大學附設醫院睡眠中心資料庫中,2010至2015年到台北醫學大學附設醫院睡眠中心看診並進行PSG檢測時所收集的資料(AHI、醒覺指標、缺氧指標、平均血氧飽和度、最低血氧飽和度、BDI-IA、ESS)進行分析,在排除小於20歲與睡眠疾患共病之後,共有2140位OSA(364女、1776男)患者資料被納入分析。本研究針對OSA患者的憂鬱情緒(BDI-IA)分數進行探索性因素分析,並以此因素結構與Beck與Steer(1993)所得之憂鬱情緒面向結構進行模型競爭,以求更適配於OSA患者之因素結構。再者,本研究取具輕度以上憂鬱情緒的OSA患者資料,以線性迴歸分析了解OSA嚴重度(AHI)、嗜睡程度(ESS得分)與憂鬱情緒(BDI-IA、身體面向、認知面向)之間的關聯性,並以拔靴法進行中介模型的檢定。此外,欲探討OSA患者的憂鬱情緒可能聚焦於身體面向,本研究亦將OSA患者依症狀嚴重度分組,並比較不同症狀嚴重度OSA患者的認知面向與身體面向憂鬱分數。研究二則是以台北醫學大學附設醫院睡眠中心資料庫追蹤一年至兩年間的OSA患者的資料進行資料分析,由於女性人數過少,因此僅納入81位男性OSA患者資料進行統計分析。
研究結果:研究一探索性因素分析結果顯示,「體重減輕」與「煩躁易怒」在因素分析結果的負荷量相當低,無法歸類至其一面向,予以排除,且「不滿自我」、「社交退縮」、「優柔寡斷」三題(原認知面向題項)在OSA患者樣本中被歸類至身體面向。競爭模型結果顯示,本研究所得之因素結構AIC值較低,因此以本研究所得之因素結構進行後續分析中認知面向與身體面向憂鬱情緒之計分與分析。以具憂鬱情緒的OSA患者資料進行相關分析結果發現,AHI 、覺醒指標、 缺氧指標、平均血氧飽和度、最低血氧飽和度皆與ESS呈現顯著相關;且ESS與BDI、身體面向、認知面向憂鬱情緒皆呈現顯著正相關。值得注意的是,OSA症狀嚴重度AHI雖未與BDI呈現顯著關聯性,但與身體面向憂鬱情緒達顯著正相關,且OSA病理機轉——醒覺指標、缺氧指標、平均血氧飽和度亦與身體面向憂鬱情緒達顯著關聯性。拔靴法結果顯示,在控制年齡與BMI後,ESS僅中介於醒覺指標與身體面向憂鬱情緒間的關聯性。將男女性分組後,女性患者的ESS中介於AHI與身體面向憂鬱情緒、醒覺指標與身體面向憂鬱情緒、以及缺氧指標與身體面向憂鬱情緒之間的關聯性,但男性OSA患者則無此中介效果。將OSA患者依症狀嚴重度分組,針對不同症狀嚴重度OSA患者的認知面向與身體面向憂鬱分數進行重複量數檢定,發現不論AHI為輕、中、重度,身體面向憂鬱分數皆較認知面向來得高。研究二檢視OSA患者一年至兩年間追蹤的結果,發現AHI改變量與BMI改變量,無論對於ESS的改變量、BDI-IA總分的改變量、認知面向以及身體面向憂鬱情緒的改變量,皆無顯著相關性;而ESS改變量則與BDI-IA總分的改變量、認知面向憂鬱情緒的改變量、身體面向憂鬱情緒的改變量呈現顯著相關性。依ESS改變量分組後,進一步以單因子變異數分析對BDI-IA改變量、認知面向憂鬱情緒改變量、身體面向憂鬱情緒改變量進行檢定,結果顯示,無論在BDI-IA改變量、認知面向憂鬱情緒改變量、或身體面向憂鬱情緒改變量,皆達顯著差異;而事後檢定顯示,無論在BDI-IA改變量、認知面向、身體面向憂鬱情緒,ESS升高組與ESS無變化組、ESS降低組呈現顯著差異,而ESS無變化組則與ESS降低組無顯著差異。
結論:本研究OSA患者自評BDI-IA的結果發現有高達35%的患者至少有輕度以上的憂鬱情緒,且本研究發現在女性OSA患者身上,OSA嚴重度、睡眠片段化病理機轉,與憂鬱情緒間,受到白天嗜睡程度中介;且OSA患者的憂鬱情緒明顯聚焦於身體面向上,此結果說明OSA患者的憂鬱情緒可能受到白天嗜睡程度所影響,本研究在於提醒臨床工作者對OSA患者進行憂鬱症臨床診斷時,需注意與釐清OSA患者是否以白天嗜睡的情況,來回應憂鬱症狀相關的嗜睡表現,以降低誤判OSA患者憂鬱情緒的可能性。 / Aims: Recent years, researchers found high prevalence of depression occurred in OSA patients. However, the inconsistency was also found in depression prevalence and in the association between OSA and depressive mood. Notably, excessive daytime sleepiness is one of common symptoms of both OSA and depression. High prevalence of depression might be an overestimation due to excessive daytime sleepiness reported by OSA patients. Two studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal studies) were conducted to examine (1) whether the depressive symptoms in OSA patients are more somatic in nature and whether mediation effect between OSA and depression exist, and (2) whether the changes in depressive mood correlate with the changes in excessive daytime sleepiness showed in long term follow-up data.
Methods: Sleep test data (including AHI, arousal index, desaturation index, mean SaO2, lowest SaO2, BDI-IA, ESS) retrieved from database of Taipei Medical University Hospital Sleep Center from year 2010 to 2015 was used in Study 1. 2140 OSA patients (364 F、1776 M) were included after rule out patients who is under 20 year-old or comorbid with other sleep disorders. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to extract the dimensions of depressive mood in OSA patients and the dimensions obtained were further compared with those of Beck and Steer (1993) through competing models. Furthermore, correlations between OSA severity, OSA pathological mechanism, excessive daytime sleepiness, and depressive mood were analyzed in the data of OSA patients with depressive mood, and boostrapping method was conducted to test mediation effect. For examining whether the depressive symptoms in OSA patients are more somatic in nature, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension were compared within different OSA severity. One to two year follow-up sleep test data retrieved from database of Taipei Medical University Hospital Sleep Center was analyzed in Study 2. There were only 81 male OSA patient data included due to the small numbers of female patients.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 showed that “weight loss” and “irritability” should be excluded due to low factor loading in depressive mood of OSA patients. “Dissatisfaction”, “social withdrawal” and “indecisiveness” were categorized into somatic dimension in OSA patients. Competing models indicated the factors obtained in exploratory factor analysis were preferred due to lower AIC value, which suggested the model was better fit to OSA patients. Correlation analysis showed that AHI, arousal index, desaturation index, mean SaO2, lowest SaO2, BDI-IA score, somatic dimension and cognitive dimension significantly correlated with ESS. Notably, although the correlation between AHI and BDI-IA was non-significant, AHI positively correlated with somatic dimension. OSA pathological mechanism (arousal index, desaturation index, mean SaO2) also significantly correlated with somatic dimension on BDI-IA. After controlling age and BMI, mediation effects of excessive daytime sleepiness were only found on the relation of arousal index and somatic dimension. Mediation effects were also found on the relation of AHI and somatic dimension, on the relation of desaturation index and somatic dimension, and on the relation of arousal index and somatic dimension in female OSA patients, but the mediation effect was not found in male OSA patients. Furthermore, 3 X 2 ANOVA repeated measurement showed somatic dimension was significantly higher than cognitive dimension on BDI-IA in different AHI severity group. Follow-up data in Study 2 showed the change of AHI and BMI were not correlated with the change of ESS, BDI-IA, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension on BDI-IA. However, the change of ESS was significantly correlated with the change of BDI-IA, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension on BDI-IA. Furthermore, the change of BDI-IA, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension on BDI-IA were tested in different ESS change group. Results showed that the change of BDI-IA, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension on BDI-IA were significant in different ESS change group. Post-hoc analysis indicated the change of BDI-IA, cognitive dimension and somatic dimension in ESS elevated group were significantly different from ESS maintained group and ESS descend group but the difference between ESS maintained group and ESS descend group was non-significant.
Conclusion: 35% of OSA patients were classified as co-occurring depressive mood using BDI-IA. However, mediation effect of excessive daytime sleepiness was found in female patients on the relation of OSA severity and depressive mood, and also on the relation of sleep fragmentation and depressive mood. Furthermore, depressive symptoms in OSA patients are more somatic in nature. The results showed depressive mood in OSA patients was probably affected by the excessive daytime sleepiness. The findings suggested the need to clarify the effect of excessive daytime sleepiness to prevent the overestimation of depressive mood in OSA patients.
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健康生活型態與兩性憂鬱情緒落差之分析 / Health Lifestyles and Gender Differences in Distress in Taiwan林孟瑢, Lin, Meng Jung Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,憂鬱情緒一直是自然科學與社會科學界關注的重要議題,而其中女性較男性憂鬱的現象也受到重視。雖然自然科學界的研究一再指出健康行為對減輕憂鬱情緒的幫助,但並不是每個人都有機會擁有健康的生活型態。尤其在性別方面,性別間的健康行為差異是否能解釋兩性的憂鬱情緒落差即是本研究的課題。本文將透過檢驗暴露差異性以及脆弱差異性假設,了解性別間的憂鬱情緒落差是如何由本身脆弱差異性,以及兩性暴露的風險不同所造成。本研究使用「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」在2005年以及2010年的資料,以吸菸、喝酒、運動,三個健康行為作為健康生活型態的指標,對此問題進行分析。研究結果發現,健康生活型態對台灣民眾的憂鬱情緒有影響,吸菸有增加憂鬱情緒的效果,而運動則有減輕憂鬱情緒的效果。將吸菸、喝酒加入模型後,性別落差會增加,而運動的加入則有助於降低性別落差,支持暴露差異性假設。在性別上,吸菸對於男性有顯著增加憂鬱情緒的效果,對女性則無;而運動對於女性降低憂鬱情緒的效果則較大。然而,兩指標的性別差異並沒有達到統計上的顯著水準,因此只能部分支持脆弱差異性假設。希望本文的研究結果有助於了解兩性間的憂鬱情緒落差,並提供憂鬱情緒的影響機制更完整的圖像。 / Gender differences in distress has been well documented in literatures. However, it is unclear about the effect of health lifestyles on gender disadvantage in mental health. To explain the gender gap in distress, there are two hypotheses: differential exposure hypothesis and differential vulnerability hypothesis. In this study, the data are from Taiwanese Social Change Survey conducted in 2005 and 2010. The three indices I choose are the frequency of smoking, drinking, and exercising. The two main findings are: (1) Smoking deteriorates distress while exercising ameliorates it. Also, adding smoking and drinking into the predicting model increases the gender gap in distress, whereas adding exercising decreases the gap. These findings support the differential exposure hypothesis; (2) the effect of smoking is significant for men but not for women. However, the effect of exercising is more important to women. Although the gender differences in smoking and exercising effects are not significant, the findings support the differential vulnerability hypothesis partially.
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