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極端值理論在風險值上的應用陳怡君 Unknown Date (has links)
我們期待利用一種更為接近報酬分配實際情況的模型來估計風險值,以期望獲得較佳的風險值估計結果,由於市場上的波動因具有異質變異,易產生波動聚集現象(Volatility Clustering),因此我們嘗試以GARCH模型捕捉波動起伏,並結合一般化極端值分配來捕捉財務資料常具有的厚尾現象。
研究中,更進一步地利用模擬比較Frechet與GEV估計尾端係數的優劣,結果發現在資料具有厚尾現象時,利用Frechet分配所估計的尾端係數結果的確比用GEV的結果好,不過利用係數結果估計風險值時,我們卻發現兩者的結果差異不大。而我們亦認為,在窗口大小為1800時,block size為63是合適的。
而實證結果中,除了更加驗證模擬結果外,我們亦發現利用AR(k)-GARCH(p,q)模型與一般化極端值分配作為估計風險值的方法的確可以考慮到波動的趨勢及厚尾現象,因而可以獲得較理想的風險值估計結果。
關鍵字:風險值、一般化極端值分配、厚尾、GARCH模型
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金融風險測度與極值相依之應用─以台灣金融市場為例 / Measuring financial risk and extremal dependence between financial markets in Taiwan劉宜芳 Unknown Date (has links)
This paper links two applications of Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to analyze Taiwanese financial markets: 1. computation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) 2. estimates of cross-market dependence under extreme events. Daily data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weight Stock Index (TAIEX) and the foreign exchange rate, USD/NTD, are employed to analyze the behavior of each return and the dependence structure between the foreign exchange market and the equity market. In the univariate case, when computing risk measures, EVT provides us a more accurate way to estimate VaR. In bivariate case, when measuring extremal dependence, the results of whole period data show the extremal dependence between two markets is asymptotically independent, and the analyses of subperiods illustrate that the relation is slightly dependent in specific periods. Therefore, there is no significant evidence that extreme events appeared in one market (the equity market or the foreign exchange market) will affect another in Taiwan.
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銀行業的競爭程度及會計盈餘的時效性、穩健性之分析呂美慧, LU, MEI-HUI Unknown Date (has links)
本文內容主要可分為三大部分,第一部份是「本國銀行業逐年的競爭程度及其變化之分析」,主要是以Panzer-Rosse模型評估銀行業的競爭程度,實證結果顯示1996至2000年每年的金融市場處於壟斷性競爭或完全競爭,在考慮銀行業務差距頗大及極端值存在的可能之下,2001和2002年的銀行業為壟斷性競爭。相較於1996至2000年,2001至2002年銀行業的競爭程度有降低的現象。
第二部分是「銀行業的競爭程度與利息收入佔總資產比率之關聯性分析」,本文延伸Panzer-Rosse模型,以分量迴歸法取代傳統最小平方法,發現排除規模效果的影響下,位於利息收入的條件分配愈左端(即利息收入佔總資產比率較低)的銀行,其所處之金融環境競爭程度愈高。此外,亞洲金融危機受創最嚴重的五個東南亞國家,自金融風暴發生至2004年,位於經資產標準化的利息收入分配左端、或右端、或中間的銀行在各個國家雖遭遇不同的競爭環境變化,不過,平均而言,所有銀行面臨的競爭程度皆獲得改善。
第三部分是「以分量迴歸法分析會計盈餘的時效性與穩健性」,實證結果顯示會計盈餘對好消息認列的時效性和對壞消息認列的穩健性會受企業當期的盈餘水準所影響。若企業當期的盈餘水準愈差,則會降低其盈餘的時效性,但是會提高其盈餘的穩健性。相反地,若當期的盈餘水準愈高,則會提高其盈餘的時效性,但是會降低其盈餘的穩健性。 / There are three issues in this dissertation. The first one is to analyze the yearly degree of competition and its variation in Taiwan’s banking industry with the Panzer-Rosse model. We find that the markets over the period 1996-2000 were characterized with monopolistic competition or perfect competition, while the system was characterized by monopolistic competition in 2001 and 2002 after we take into consideration the possibility of outliers. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the competition has declined in Taiwan’s banking industry.
The second topic is to investigate the relationship between banking competition and the ratio of banks’ interest revenues to total assets. The results show that while the ratio of bank’s interest revenues to total assets is lower, the bank faces a more competitive market. Moreover, competitive pressures have been improved for banks with different levels of interest revenues over total assets in East Asia after the financial crisis occurred in 1997.
About the final issue, we try to find whether firms’ contemporaneous earnings affect the timeliness and conservatism of accounting earnings and their relationship. Our results show that the degree of timeliness and conservatism of accounting earnings are relevant to the level of earnings. Specifically, firms with poor earnings will decrease their earnings in recognizing good news but increase the level of conservative accounting. On the other hand, the level of conservative accounting is a decreasing function of earnings while the timeliness in recognizing good is increasing in earnings.
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以風險值衡量銀行外匯部位資本之計提陳昀聖, Chen Yun-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的目的在比較標準法和風險值法(VaR)於外匯部位資本計提數額上的差異。在VaR法方面,本篇採用變異數-共變異數法、歷史模擬法以及極端值法等三種衡量方法,並利用回溯測試(backtest)對三種方法預測風險的能力做一檢測。標準法是指財政部規定的資本計提標準方法。
本篇論文實證結果發現用VaR法所計提的資本數額是依標準法所需計提數額的一半。也就是說依標準法提列會造成過多的資金成本。另外,從安全性的角度觀之,經過回溯測試,發現採取歷史模擬法或極端值法則是值得信賴的資本計提的方法。反之,變異數-共變異數法會有低估的現象。但因計算極端值法所需要的資料過於龐大,建議使用歷史模擬法,如此相對於標準法將可省下可觀的資金成本。
第一章 研究動機與目的…………………………………1
第二章 國內外資本適足的規定…………………………3
第一節 資本適足規定(BIS)的發展……………………3
第二節 台灣相關法令規定……………………………6
第三章 文獻探討……………………………………… 10
第四章 研究方法與模型……………………………… 14
第一節 VaR模型…………………………………… 14
第二節 回溯測試…………………………………… 24
第五章 實證分析……………………………………… 28
第一節 實證資料介紹……………………………… 28
第二節 實證結果…………………………………… 29
第六章 結論…………………………………………… 42
參考文獻……………………………………………………44
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