本文將以兩家台商企業在越南市場的發展為例，透過與兩家公司高階經理人的訪談，來比較兩家公司分別在選擇越南為海外進入市場的原因，以及進入模式選擇背後的影響因素，還有當地市場的經營模式等，透過文獻資料的驗證，來確認兩家公司在選擇的策略與經營方向上是否符合傳統文獻上的假設。 而在文獻的驗證中，確實證明了當企業是以 Asset Exploitation 為動機時，海外市場的選擇會傾向以較低度開發的國家為主，另外在進入模式的選擇上，雖然兩家公司採取一樣的進入模式，但影響的因素卻是完全不同，不過結果仍符合文獻中所提出的假設，最後，在市場經營模式上，更是完全符合既定的印象與理論，對於當地市場不同的策略定位確實會直接影響到企業在當地市場的經營模式。

中國自1978年起實施改革開放以來，逐年成為全球企業競相投資的焦點，全球汽車產業亦從1990年代中期進入中國市場。中國在2009年起已成為世界第一大汽車市場，未來中國將是全球汽車產業的策略重心。在全球汽車產業競逐的中國市場中，日系汽車產業屬後進者，企圖在中國市場重現1980年代進入美國市場的榮景，將其過去成功的海外進入策略與經營管理模式，移植至中國市場。 本研究以兩家日商汽車零件業進入中國市場為案例，探索日商進入中國市場的經營方式，並探討子公司角色與跨文化管理影響海外子公司經營方式與績效的程度。本研究經過文獻的探討，並對在中國市場投資經營的日商汽車零組件廠商進行訪談與現場觀察，研究結果顯示，進入模式對經營方式並沒有直接的關係，影響經營方式與經營績效的因素為子公司之角色，以及在地主國的跨文化管理。本研究另一項發現是，日系企業尋求與台商合資，看重的是台商過去在中國的經營經驗，以及台灣在兩岸間擁有較佳的政商關係，台商對於日商進入中國市場有相當大的助益，可減少中日之間的文化衝突，提升合作企業之管理效能。 / Since China began to reform and open up to the world in 1978, it has been the focal point of investment from all over the world. In the mid 1990s, global automotive industry has gone to China’s market. In 2009, China became the world’s largest market for automotive and it will act as the strategic center for global automobile industry in the future. In China’s competitive market for global automotive industry, Japanese automotive industry is the later-entrant, aiming to rebuild its prosperity in China with attempts to copy the strategies and management modules for the success in the 1980s when entering the US market. This study examines at the cases of two Japanese automotive parts companies to explore the management model in China. Besides, it also discuss that the role of subsidiary company and the cross-cultural management can influence on the overseas subsidiary company’s management model and its performance. According to literature review, on-site interview and observation on Japanese automotive parts companies in China, it shows that the entry mode is indirectly associated with its management. In fact, the role of subsidiary companies and the cross-cultural management of subsidiaries are the two essential factors to the management model and performance. Another result is also found that the reasons for Japanese companies to seek joint venture with Taiwanese companies lie in the value of Taiwanese companies’ past experiences in China and having better government-business relationships at both homeland and Mainland China. Taiwanese companies are considered greatly helpful to Japanese companies’ entrance to Chinese market as it helps reduce cultural conflicts between China and Japan and enhance the management effects of joint-venture company.

本研究探討的個案公司為一間自動辨識類產品供應商，總部位於美國，在台設有子公司從事製造與亞太區業務開發，其供應之零件在POS系統產業供應鏈中具有相當的知名度。本研究採取個案分析法，探討個案公司在海外市場進入策略中，如何選定日本為進入市場、並透過何種方式進入的策略。同時，利用波特的五力分析原型探討個案公司在日本市場所呈現的企業競爭力。此外，採用邱志聖(2010)策略行銷分析架構來分析進入日本市場後，透過在地代理商作為居中的角色，如何在個案公司與日本終端客戶之間互動，來降低個案公司與終端客戶之間交易行為產生的四種成本，其四種成本分別為：外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本。最後，再透過個案的觀察與分析的結果，提出對個案公司的未來經營日本市場以及與代理商合作關係的建議。 本研究主要發現為，個案公司為了使企業內部資源運用最大化，並向外發展利基市場，因此選擇進入日本市場。基於風險評估及交易成本的考量，個案公司發展出當地代理制度與日本當地具產業經驗者合作來推行個案公司專案的服務。 透過代理制度引進後，終端客戶與個案公司之間的交易成本雖然在外顯單位效益成本上的變化無法做明確預估之外，在資訊搜尋、道德風險、及專屬陷入成本上，都有顯著下降，且個案公司的日本市場的整體營收有明顯成長。 本研究對個案公司提出的建議有三點，分別為：一、持續適度地參與代理商與終端客戶的接觸，協助降低終端客戶的交易成本並提升合作信心。二、增加代理商的專屬陷入成本，降低其外顯效益成本，以保持代理合作的意願及穩定性。三、若日本代理商因各種可能原因無意願繼續代理時，對日本市場需有配套措施。 / This study aims to explore the case story of a U.S. based company in automatic identification industry, which has a manufacture plant and sales team in Taiwan. The study is done by a case study method, to analyze the case company’s foreign market entry strategy, and how the decision is made to choose Japan as the target market as well as which entry strategy is performed. Porter’s Five Force Model is used in the analysis to determine the case company’s competitive power in Japan market. In addition, by setting up distribution system, the costs including cost of utility, information research, moral hazard, and asset specify to the end customer in dealing with case company has been influenced dynamically. And based on the result and observation of the study, then suggestions will be provided to the case company as conclusion. Findings of the study are that the decision on how to enter Japan market is made by considering the overall all risks and transaction costs among several entry modes. Then the distribution system is implemented, and a good market position along with the market trend helped the case company find customers with right scale in niche market, and it is evident that the distribution system did lower down the 4 kind of costs to the end customer in general, and the overall market revenue increased in Japan as return. In conclusion, three suggestions are made to the case company: 1. Involve with distributor and increase the interfaces with the end customers to strengthen the case company and distributor’s credibility and also the confidence of end customer. 2. Tighten the cooperation with distributor by increasing distributor’s cost of specify to ensure the continuous partnership. 3. To keep the option of direct managing Japanese account in the near future in case of the distribution partnership cannot be continued.