近年來公眾無線區域網路逐漸普及，其涵蓋範圍亦由點至面逐漸擴展，現在有許多城市出現無線寬頻網路城市的建置計畫。公眾無線區域網路服務業者在大量佈建無線區域網路的同時，亦面臨到如何提升消費者對無線上網的使用需求的問題，然而無線區域網路在應用服務的發展上仍然有其限制。 本研究對公眾無線區域網路服務業者之發展現況進行探討，以了解其趨勢與問題，並根據探討的結果，思考無線區域網路之特性以及應用，提出後續的發展建議。 / Nowaday, public WLAN is getting to popularize and the coverage of public WLAN extends progressively from point to area. Some cities are planning to build the city-wide wireless network for people. While the public WLAN service industry establishes public WLAN facility broadly, they are facing problems such as how to promote consumers' request, however there are still limitations for developing wireless networking service. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the condition of the developing of public WLAN service industry, to understand trend and problems of them. According to the result of investigation and considering the characteristic and application of the WLAN, the thesis addresses the suggestions of the development for public WLAN service industry.

在全球WLAN產業發展迅速的現在，如何能將PWLAN服務快速地商業化，是目前推展WLAN產業最重要的一項課題。目前PWLAN產業尚未建立明確的產業規則，其價值鏈與價值活動都仍在渾沌未明、不斷變動的狀態中，PWLAN業者同時從事多個相關的價值活動的情況相當常見，整體產業動態非常模糊。 在2003年時，已有超過全球80％比例的WLAN硬體設備是在台灣製造的，但是在PWLAN產業的發展推廣方面，卻是起步較晚的。本論文即是希望能夠研究討論國內外PWLAN產業的發展態勢，藉由研究國外公司的發展經驗與競合狀況，再整合國內外學者專家的意見與研究報告，提出PWLAN產業的整體性分析研究與建議，提供台灣PWLAN產業中各從事不同價值活動單元企業的一個營運參考與發展依據。 在最後結論與建議的部分，簡單整理如下： 1.PWLAN產業之發展必須從提升需求與強化供給兩方面做起； 2.而PWLAN業者面臨強大的競爭壓力，在經營上必須步步為營； 3.需注意無線網路為人詬病的安全性問題； 4.注意產業主導權的爭奪； 5.政府角色對台灣PWLAN產業發展的影響力不容小覷； 6.需建立漫遊機制； 7.可能會出現業者間的併購行為； 8.雙網整合的趨勢明顯。

在使用者較為密集的場合中，常會碰到無線網路壅塞的問題，例如在一個大型會議廳中，常會在各個IEEE 802.11頻道上部署不同的WiFi AP（Access Point），來分散使用者的連線。但是由於IEEE 802.11的連線機制是屬於使用者主導（client driven），只能透過使用者去選定AP進行連線，對於使用者裝置來說,，連線到不同AP的優先順序，是依照接收到不同AP的信號強度（RSSI）作為排序指標。這種做法會讓在空間上使用者分佈不平均的環境中，造成多數使用者UE只連線到少數AP，而其餘AP資源閒置無用的情形。 本論文提出一個IEEE 802.11的負載平衡解決方案，結合藍牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy，BLE）及IEEE 802.11成為一個智慧型AP架構。我們利用藍牙低功耗通訊協定GATT （Generic Attribute Profile）分派AP給不同使用者進行連線，再結合馬可夫鏈平穩狀態分佈（Markov Chains Stationary Distribution）演算法，依照使用者在AP網路拓樸中的歷史分佈紀錄，將多個AP的分派轉化為Erlang-C模型的排隊系統以計算AP分派規則，藉此達到系統的負載平衡。 / Usually, a user crowded space encounters wireless network congestion problem. For example, a large conference hall often deploys different wireless AP (Access Point) on each IEEE 802.11 channel to separate users’ connections. However, since the connection mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is client driven, the AP connection is selected by the user and the selection is according to the received signal strength (RSSI) from different APs. This conventional approach may result in most of the user devices connect to relatively limited number of APs, and the resource of the rest of the APs left unused. This paper proposes a smart AP architecture which is able to manage load balance for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) protocol in order to appropriately assign AP to different user devices. The core AP assignment algorithm is based on Markov chain stationary distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed BM-MS (BLE Management with Markov-Chains Stationary Load Balance) method outperforms RSSI based method in terms of system throughput and average user data rate.

藉由研究無線通信產業標準的制訂過程與主流標準的形成機制，本研究探討過去有關影響產業標準建立的文獻與個案，提出系統發展過程中，各影響因素扮演的角色與提供的功能，以瞭解在無線通信產業中，影響一標準脫穎而出成為市場主流的關鍵因素。本研究主要的研究發現如下： 一、政府的政策對標準後續發展相當重要，若政府態度是採開放競爭，則將在境內形成多種標準競爭而耗掉大部分能量，未來在標準向外推展上較吃虧。反之政府若能主導統一標準，常能使相關資源更集中焦點來發展單一標準，未來對外推展上較能成功。 二、協會能否發揮協商能力，使各業者提出之標準能相結合，是主流標準形成之關鍵之一，協會若能使各業者放棄成見，取得共識形成單一標準將有助於標準之發展。 三、對標準主導者而言，若能成為主流標準確實擁有很多潛在利益，為爭取標準的支持度，便會有很多遊說及策略聯盟產生，若能取得越多成員支持，常較能形成主流標準，因此標準擁有者若能降低權利金門檻，甚至將其免費授權並公開架構，標準成為市場主流之成長速度將會加快。但若成員過於複雜也容易阻礙標準演進的進度。 四、第三代行動電話的應用以多媒體為主，這是相當革命性的嚐試，故能否找到消費者公認的殺手級應用服務（killer application）成為成敗關鍵要素之一。 五、標準形成之發源地需有足夠的經濟規模量的支持，才能累積足夠資源向境外擴展。 六、標準形成在發酵期必須取得單一標準共識，在漸進變化期於境內快速建立成功經驗，並順利將成功複製於境外地區，這個模式較能成功成為主流標準。另在建立標準時需有明確的願景與目標、具國際化的規格設計，才可減少在對外擴展時之障礙。 / This thesis is intended to make explicit the roles played and functions provided by the various factors in the process of system development by means of an investigation of the process of the formation of a wireless communications standard and the mechanism that makes it a dominant. By studying the documents and cases on the factors affecting the establishment of a standard, we have come to recognize six fundamentals that make it stand out as a dominant. These six fundamentals are summarized as follows: 1. The policy made by the government plays an essential part in the further development of the formation of a given standard. If the government adopts an attitude of open competition, then lots of related resources will be wasted on the keen competition between vying forces in the local market, which is, in turn, detrimental to outward expansion. On the contrary, if the government integrates the related resources and helps form a unitary standard, the standard may succeed in opening other markets. 2. The Association is also an important positive contributor in the process of the formation of a unitary standard. The Association should do its best to mediate between each vying standard to reach an agreement and adopt a unitary standard, which is definitely instrumental in the further development. 3. For those who want to direct the formation of a standard and get the tremendous potential profits from it, they will do a lot of lobbying and form strategic alliances to attract more supports for the standard. When succeeding in doing so, the owners of the unitary standard can speed up the growth of its market by lowering the royalty and license limit, or even by opening its architecture with a free authorization. 4. The application of the third-generation cellular phones features multi-media, which is a considerably revolutionary attempt. Therefore, the success of it depends on whether the standard can come up with a killer application that appeals to consumers. 5. The local market from which the standard originates should be big enough to support it, so the standard can stand firm on the strong basis and reach out for other markets. 6. The formation of a standard should be based on an agreement of a unitary standard at the ferment stage. And at the transition stage, it should build up a successful experience as soon as possible in the local market and then successfully duplicate the model in the international ones. Besides, a definite goal and a clear vision as well as internationalized regulations and designs all contribute to lifting the barriers in its expanding outwards.