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國中教師甄選面談評分項目之研究-工作分析法之應用蘇榮宗, Su, Jung-Tsung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在從國中教師工作職能著手,探討國中教師甄選面談項目內容之研究。具體而言,本研究欲探討:(1)教師的工作任務中,影響整體工作結果較大的是那些工作層面?(2)教師在執行上述工作層面時,與那些工作職能(KSAOs)相關性較大?(3)教師甄選面談過程中,面談者對應徵者觀察與評分的項目有那些?(四)工作分析所形成之面談評分項目與多數人心中的項目是否有顯著差異?
為達成以上之目的,本研究經由文獻的探討。決定在研究方法上,採用工作分析之專家問卷,找到各校推薦優秀的教師或行政人員(包括校長或退休校長)等共20人做為工作分析問卷之專家小組。再將結果分析後獲得教師甄選面談的評分項目;再以合目標抽樣的方式,進行大樣本的抽樣調查,以確定工作分析結果,是否受到普遍的認同。由於本問卷填寫者需具備若干重要特質,因此採取合目標抽樣。針對彰化縣以北諸縣市,抽取80所國中,共發出1200份問卷,回收815份,抽掉57份廢卷,留下758份有效問卷;有效問卷回收率為63.16%。經統計後,進行平均值與標準差的運算,進行排序比對。
本研究的結論,可分為兩大部分,一是工作分析法的專家樣本問卷與大樣本問卷的對比。具體言之,工作分析法的研究中,獲致三個結論:(1)教師的工作中,有八個較為重要的任務層面。(2)教師在成功的工作中,較重要的工作職能(KSAOs)共有17項。並在本研究中據此提出教師的工作說明書,載明教師的各個工作任務執行時,與其相關的工作職能(KSAOs)。(3)並挑選出十項更關鍵的工作職能(KSAOs),做為教師甄選面談中,面談者對應徵者評分項目。然而,在大樣本的抽樣調查中,本研究發現,工作分析所獲得的十項工作職能(KSAOs)中,有九項工作職能完全與大樣本抽樣結果相符。尚有一項則有些許的出入。
本研究依據結論,對主管機關、學校單位與後續研究者提供建議以供參考:
1. 教師甄選面談評分項目可為下列十項:(1)教室管理與紀律維持的能力、(2)國中學生心理、生理特質的知識、(3)穩定而合宜的情緒處理、(4)任教內容領域的相關知識、(5)教學理念的知識、(6)教與學的知識、(7)與人良好溝通的技巧、(8)學生事務管理的知識、(9)對學生的輔導技巧、(10)問題解決的能力。
2. 工作分析法所得教師甄選評分項目受到普遍的認同,可供未來在教師甄選評分項目的決選上參考使用的方式。
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甄選面談中應徵者防禦型印象管理策略及效果之研究吳祉芸, Wu, Chih Yun Unknown Date (has links)
相對於肯定型印象管理,防禦型印象管理是印象管理行為的另一個重要面向,也是近年來漸受重視的議題,但在面談領域的研究相對缺乏,其有效性也未達共識。參酌其他領域的文獻,本研究試圖整合不同理論觀點以求完整周延的看待影響歷程,以探討應徵者防禦型印象管理之效果。為貼近真實情況,本文先進行前導研究,了解業界觀點及真實面談情境中的策略使用頻率。
由態度理論及資訊處理觀點,本研究同時探討面試官面對應徵者使用防禦策略的認知歷程與情感歷程,納入知覺應徵者能力及其對應徵者的喜好程度兩大類評價,以驗證面試官解讀應徵者防禦型印象管理策略的心理歷程。依據前導研究的結論,本文將應徵者防禦型印象管理策略分作道歉、開脫及合理化三類,採三因子受試者間實驗設計進行研究。
研究結果指出,合理化策略以能力評價為主要歷程,其關係強度大於對情感評價的影響,開脫策略對能力評價的影響卻未得證,至於道歉策略雖如預期以情感評價為主要路徑,但對喜好程度卻呈負向影響,推測可能是非口語行為的未預期效果所造成。因此,於後續補收資料中排除非口語行為作進一步驗證,結果發現道歉策略的確能修復面試官對應徵者的喜好程度,推知非口語行為對道歉說詞的品質存在著交互效果,而開脫策略的能力修復效果依舊未得證,推測應該是其說詞內容終究未能提出正面的能力訊息,導致說服力不夠。本研究結果可供應徵者作為策略選擇的參考,亦幫助面試官了解自己在面談過程中的訊息解讀歷程。 / Verbal self-presentation tactics comprise the central part of impression management (IM), separated as assertive IM and defensive IM. In job interview settings, assertive IM tactics were once considered as much more frequently used, relative to defensive IM tactics. However, the statistics in recent research shows that over sixty percent of applicants have used defensive IM tactics during interviews, which should not be ignored.
According to “attitude theory” and “information processing perspective,” the researcher discusses cognitive and affective mechanisms of defensive IM tactics simultaneously. “Perceived applicants’ competence” and “liking toward applicants” are included to capture the interviewers’ cognitive and affective evaluations. Following the findings of pilot studies, the researcher adopts tripartition of defensive IM tactics: apology, excuse, and justification. A 2x2x2 between-subject experiment with video-taped design is conducted to investigate the impact of defensive IM tactics on interviewers’ psychological processes.
The results show that the main mechanism of justification lies in cognitive evaluation, however, the main mechanisms of apology and excuse are not identified as expectation. These unexpected findings may result from the actor’s non-verbal behaviors. Therefore, another sample is collected for further investigation, and the audio-taped design is used to wipe out the effect of non-verbal behaviors. It shows the influence of apology on liking is supported, though the impact of excuse on perceived competence remains unsupported. These findings provide not only further understanding of interviewers’ psychological processes, but also guidance for the applicants to choose appropriate defensive IM tactics.
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應徵者面談焦慮在甄選面談中的角色:探討面試官行為和特性的調節效果 / The role of applicant interview anxiety in selection interviews: The moderating effects of interviewer behaviors and characteristics黃嘉雄, Huang, Chia-Hsiung Unknown Date (has links)
應徵者處於甄選面談的情境或多或少都會經驗到一定程度的焦慮,過去研究指出焦慮的確會對應徵者行為表現,以及面試官評價產生影響,本研究回顧文獻證據提出焦慮情緒狀態或許應視為造成面試官評價偏誤的來源之一;由情感事件理論的觀點,探討「氣氛營造」與「溫暖行為」能否降低應徵者焦慮情緒狀態對於應徵者行為的影響;以及探討面試官的「面談經驗」和「歸因傾向」對於應徵者行為和面試官評價的調節效果。本研究採取模擬面談法(mock interview),邀請一年內即將謀職的應徵者,以及具面談經驗的業界人士擔任面試官,進行一對一的甄選面談,蒐集應徵者和面試官雙方的配對資料,共計94筆。統計分析結果顯示「面談焦慮情緒狀態」對於「面試官評價」的影響,係完全透過應徵者「焦慮行為」所中介。並未如預期發現面試官「溫暖行為」與「氣氛營造」等行為,削弱應徵者焦慮情緒對其行為的影響,以及「面談經驗」和「歸因傾向」等面試官個人特性調節焦慮行為與面試官評價的負向關係。本研究分別針對應徵者和面試官雙方提出實務建議,以及提出未來可能的研究方向。 / Prior studies found that applicants’ anxious state influence applicants’ behaviors and in turn interviewer evaluations. The present study argues that anxiety may be one of transient errors biasing interviewer evaluations. Taking interpersonal skills and trait anxiety specific to employment interview into account, this study examines the relationship among anxious emotional state, applicants’ behaviors, and interviewer evaluation. Based upon affective event theory as overarching framework, I propose that rapport building and warm behavior of interviewers as affective events may generate applicants’ positive emotion mitigates the negative influence of anxiety state on applicants’ behavior. In addition, prior studies suggested that interview experience and attribution preferences influence information processes of interviewers. These interviewers’ characteristics may minimize the negative impact of applicants’ anxious behavior on interviewer evaluation. Mock interview with 94 perspective applicants at the time in pursuing jobs and 37 EMBA students as interviewer were recruited from 9 universities. Results of regression analyses showed that applicants’ anxious behavior mediate the relationship between anxiety state and interviewer evaluation. However, the moderating effects of rapport building and warm behavior on the relationship between interviewees’ anxiety state and behaviors did not receive support. The effects of applicants’ anxious behaviors on interviewer evaluation do not vary as function of interview experience and attribution preference. Discussions and future suggestions were provided.
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