本文共一冊，約三萬五千字，共分為六章。 主 旨：本文主要研究的動機在於利用線型規劃法，將總要素生產力分解為技術進步 率與技術效率的變動率以了解生產力變動的原因。 本文險了第一章緒論外，以下各章依次如下： 第二章：生產力與效率的概念：分別介紹生產力的意義及類別、效率的意義及原則。 第三章：總要素生產力的衡量：首先是文獻回顧，然後就生產函數法、指數法、投入 產出法一一介紹。 第四章：邊界函數估計：本章簡介幾種估計邊界函數的方法ヾ定型無參數邊界法ゝ定 型參數邊界－規劃法與統計法ゞ隨機性邊界法，並比較各法的優缺點。 第五章：總要素生產力、技術進步技術效率：此章為本文重點所在。首先是理論架構 的建立，然後是計量模型的設定，再比較傳統方法與規劃法實證的結果。（附資料來 源及處理）。 第六章：結論。

各國視生技產業為未來發展的關鍵產業，並積極推動各項政策，使生技產業能快速成長，而生技醫藥市場是促成全球生技產業成長的主要動力，為了增加我國的競爭力，希望藉由與鄰近國家醫藥產業的比較，能更了解台灣生技醫藥產業經營績效。 本研究採用Battese and Coelli (1995)隨機成本邊界法，針對2002-2007年間，日本、南韓、中國、印度與台灣等五個國家，共61家生技醫藥廠商進行實證分析，研究結果如下：(1)研發密集度增加使成本效率降低，五個國家裡，日本最具成本效率。(2)產業平均成本效率值為0.855，且有逐年惡化的趨勢。(3)整體產業平均處於遞增規模報酬階段。(4)整體而言，總要素生產力(TFP)的提升主要是因為規模成分的貢獻，其次為技術的進步，而技術效率變動率對TFP成長率為負影響。(5)各國間雖然TFP變動率不存在顯著性差異，但在規模成分、技術變動率與技術效率變動率等方面存在著顯著的差異。 / Many countries regard biotechnology as a key industry for the future development. Governments often implement a variety of policies to help it grow rapidly. The biotech pharmaceutical industry is the main momentum for the growth of the global biotech industry. The objective of this paper is to measure the productivity and efficiency of the industry among Asian countries, and investigates the sources of the performance changes, and then hope to give some insight into the enhancement of the industry’s productivity. To pursue our goal, we adopt Battese and Coelli’s (1995) stochastic frontier approach to assess 61 biotech pharmaceutical firms during 2002-2007. The main empirical results can be summarized as follows: (1) The R&D intensity is negatively related to cost efficiency; in five countries, Japan has the highest cost efficiency. (2) On average, the cost efficiency is about 0.86, and has become worsen year after year. (3)Most of time, the industry is characterized with the increasing returns to scale. (4) The growth of total factor productivity (TFP) is mainly attributed to the scale efficiency change, and technical progress accounts for a minor source. However, technical efficiency deteriorates over time. (5) Among countries, the TFP growth rates have no significant differences, but the components show apparent differences.

本文以資料包絡分析法衡量2004年第一季至2008年第三季台灣商業銀行之效率與生產力，並以其代表銀行之經營績效。不同於過去文獻之處在於本文以前瞻之觀點（沈中華，2005）求出放款預期損失以衡量放款風險，作為放款過程中的非意欲產出。本文並利用Ray and Desli（1997）架構拆解Malmquist總要素生產力指數，探討銀行績效變動之來源，此外，亦將該拆解結果與Färe et al.（1994）拆解方式比較，發現在技術變動部分有明顯不同。本文並探討影響銀行效率之因素以及檢定不同類型銀行之生產力表現是否有顯著差異。 / The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency and productivity change of Taiwan’s banks over 2004Q1-2008Q3 using data envelopment analysis. Unlike the literature of the past, this paper uses the forward-looking viewpoint to derive expected losses from loans to measure the credit risk. In addition, the loan expected loss is thought of as an undesirable output in the estimation of efficiency and productivity. On the other hand, this paper uses a VRS frontier benchmark (Ray and Desli, 1997) to analyze the sources of productivity change. This paper also compares this result with that of Färe et al.（1994）decomposition, and finds that the estimated technical changes of two approaches are significantly different. Further, this paper analyzes the factors influencing banks’ efficiency, and investigates the productivity differences between different ownerships.