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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

女性社會資本回收劣勢的機制:性別化社會資本與獲得職位女性比例

蕭彩含, Hsiao, Tsai Han Unknown Date (has links)
時至今日女性教育程度提高,但女性在勞動力市場獲得的職位並沒有因此提升,大部分的女性仍然傾向集中在以女性居多的劣勢職業,並且薪資明顯低於男性居多的職業。相關研究提醒我們注意接觸工作出缺訊息的管道在進入勞動力市場前就已經出現性別化的現象,男女性的社會網絡並不相同,並且不同性別的求職者傾向動員不同性別的中介人。但究竟是原因使得女性求職者持續進入待遇較差的女性主導職業?Lin(1999)認為男性之所以比女性在勞動力市場的職業獲得更具有優勢,是因為女性求職者存在資本欠缺與回報欠缺,所以只能動員到較劣勢的女性中介人、獲得較差的工作。但從資料分析顯示,女性求職者並不存在資本欠缺,女性求職者擁有的社會資本量並不比男性求職者少,真正導致女性承受回報欠缺的原因在於兩點勞動力市場對於女性的貶值與性別化社會資本的差異。由於勞動力市場對女性求職者本身的歧視,即使女性求職者動員到擁有較多資源的男性中介人也無法有效的脫離求職劣勢。其次,女性求職者透過性別化社會資本尋職而承受回報欠缺的因素在於女性化可觸及社會資本,女性化可觸及社會資本直透過接與間接的效果同時限制女性求職者獲得較好的、女性比例較低職業。但女性化可觸及社會資本對男性求職者只能產生間接影響,且男性求職者擁有的女性化可觸及社會資本比女性求職者來得少很多,女性化可觸及社會資本能發揮的效果並不多。 總結來說,對於女性求職者而言,回報欠缺主要來自於性別化可觸及社會資本以及雇主對女性能力的貶值、統計歧視等,即使接觸到男性中介人也無助於女性跳脫求職劣勢。對於男性而言則是性別化可動員社會資本才是主要直接影響獲得職業女性比例的關鍵因素。
2

初探公部門清潔隊員工作特質與勞動過程的性別差異 / Gender Differences in Job Characteristics and Labor Process of Public Sector Sanitation Workers

廖貞雅, Liao, Chen Ya Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討公部門清潔隊員工作特質,以及性別對於清潔隊員在工作職務分配和勞動過程的影響。研究者使用田野觀察和深度訪談進行資料蒐集,並以新北市樹林區的清潔隊中垃圾清運班、資源回收班和掃路工作三項職務者為觀察對象,分析著重於清潔隊員工作的性別職務隔離、勞動過程中表現出的技術與情緒勞動。主要研究發現與貢獻如下:(一)本研究指出清潔隊中存在著性別職務隔離現象,而形成職務隔離的原因除了性別,工作方式、工作可替代性與工作影響程度等三項因素也是形成職務隔離的原因;(二)清潔隊員工作環境處於開放式空間,且工作的進行主要是受到時間壓力的限制,因此清潔隊員執行工作所需之技術特質與所產生的勞動經驗,和傳統上在工廠工作的工人所處的工作環境及以提高生產產品數量為目的的勞動有所不同。本研究對於清潔隊工作技術與勞動的討論,突破了傳統勞動理論中對於「技術」的定義與想像;(三)本研究發現在清潔隊中職務比性別更會影響情緒勞動付出的多寡,雖然女性助手比男性司機需要付出更多情緒勞動,但是男性司機卻可以透過性別特質,幫助女性助手情緒勞動中不足之處。本研究的貢獻在於增加性別與勞動社會學討論的多元性,且可成為未來清潔隊相關工作社會學研究的基礎。 / This study explores the job characteristics of the janitorial service workers in the public sector and the gender influence on job distribution and the labor process therein. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized for collecting data from those who worked in the Garbage Collecting Unit, the Resource Recycling Unit, and the Road Cleaning Unit of the Shu-Lin District Cleaning Team in New Taipei City. The major findings of this study are listed as follows: (1) The study illuminates the phenomenon of gendered occupational segregation among janitorial service workers. The study further finds that occupational segregation is not only shaped by gender but also by methods used for completing the tasks, substitutability of the individual who performs the job, and the degree in which the job may affect the overall outcome of the work unit. (2) The janitorial service workers work in an open space, and the pressure of work comes mainly from the time allocated to complete the tasks. The work environment as well as skills required for and the labor experiences generated from work are thus different from the traditional industrial workers working in factories whose goal is mainly to maximize the production output. The discussion in this study on skills and labor entailed in janitorial service work expands the horizon of traditional labor theories on the conceptualization and definition of "skill." (3) The study shows that job category is more important than gender in affecting the input of emotional labor in the janitorial service work. Female assistants are required to put in more emotional labor than male truck drivers, and male truck drivers can supplement the female workers' emotional labors by exercising the masculine characteristics. The results of this study may not only contribute to gender and labor studies by enriching the discussion on gender and work as well as the concept of skill, but also provide an importance foundation for future research on janitorial service work.

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