國人自殺死亡自1997年起已經連續10年進入國人十大死因之列，且其排名及自殺率有逐年上升的趨勢。國防部相當重視自殺防治工作1977年起國軍即設置有「趙老師」負責心理諮商與輔導工作，1994年更推廣設立心輔官制度，其主要目的就是要在部隊中從事心理衛生的防治工作，以避免自殺事件的發生。但從1997至2008年統計數據分析，軍中自我傷害死亡自1997年起逐年上升，至2002年達最高峰，2003年後雖有降低，但各年度因自我傷害死亡仍在20人以上。從數據來看，軍中自我傷害事件並未因國防部大力推動自我傷害防治工作下降。因此，本文的目的在於找出影響官兵自我傷害的原因，提供國防部在自我傷害防治策略上有更為周全的決策考量，以降低國軍官兵自我傷害事件的發生。 / Suicide has been one of the top ten reasons behind the deaths of our countrymen since 1997. In addition, its ranking and suicide rate are both climbing over the years. The Ministry of Defense puts a lot of efforts into suicide prevention. Since 1977, the military has set up ‘Teacher Zhao’ to be in charge of psychological consultations and counseling work. In addition, ‘counseling officers’ system has been set up and its main purpose is to do prevention work about mental health in the military in order to prevent the occurrence of suicides. However, analyzing the statistics from 1997 to 2008, deaths due to self-mutilations in the military are increasing since 1997 and peaked in 2002. Although the number decreases since 2003 but there are still over 20 deaths due to self-mutilations every year. Looking at the statistics, self-mutilations in the military did not decrease even though the Military of Defense pushes for prevention of self-mutilations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the reasons affecting self-mutilations, provide the Ministry of Defense a well-rounded decision making mechanism on how to prevent self-mutilations in order to decrease the occurrence of self-mutilations in the military.

本研究主要目的在於探討在不同情緒經驗及反芻風格對男女性自傷行為的影響。回顧過去研究，情緒被認為是多數自傷者自傷的動機及原因之一。可惜的是，大多數研究聚焦在負向情緒經驗，而較少探討正向情緒及不同激發程度的影響力。Selby（2008）的情緒瀑布理論提出反芻風格能夠增加負面情緒強度的論點，也暗示了反芻風格也是另一個與自傷行為相關認知因子。因此本研究認為情緒經驗與反芻風格可能皆為自傷發生的關鍵。有鑑於許多文獻結果指出，男女性的自傷危險因子可能存在差異，本研究便把性別差異納入考量，欲了解男、女性是否在情緒經驗及反芻風格的自傷預測因子有所不同。 本研究對象為508位北部某私立高職部學生，請學生填寫包含基本資料、反芻風格、自傷狀況及情緒經驗的評估共四部份問卷。研究結果顯示，在預測過去一年自傷行為的因子上，的確有性別差異。對女性來說，預測過去一年是否自傷的有效因子分別為負向情緒及負向低激發情緒，男性則是負向情緒及正向低激發情緒。在自傷頻率方面，對男女性來說，沒有任何情緒經驗或反芻風格為有效預測因子。在自傷種類數方面，沒有任何情緒經驗或反芻風格為女性自傷頻率的有效預測因子；對男性來說，則是負向情緒及低激發情緒能夠有效預測過去一年自傷種類多寡。研究最後針對這樣的結果做進一步討論及提供實務上的意涵及應用。 / The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of emotion experiences and rumination styles on Non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) in males and females. According to past studies, emotion was considered a critical factor in motivating individuals to practice NSSI. However, most studies focused on negative emotion experiences, and ignored the role of positive emotions and the effect of emotion activation level. Moreover, Selby’s Emotional Cascade Model proposes that rumination style will increase the negative affect intensity, suggesting that rumination style may be another key factor to NSSI. In addition, due to several studies have shown gender differences in risk factors for NSSI, the gender difference will be also take into account in the present study. To sum up, the present study aimed to examine gender differences in predictors (i.e., emotion experiences and rumination styles) for NSSI. The participants were 508 high school students from one of the private vocational high school in Northern Taiwan. All participants were asked to fill out the questionnaire pack which included demographic questionnaire, short-form rumination style questionnaire, deliberate self- harm inventory, and affect valuation inventory. The results show that gender differences in predicting NSSI existed: First, in predicting the occurrence of NSSI in the past year, negative affect and low arousal negative emotion were the most effective factors for females; negative emotion and low arousal positive emotion were the most effective ones for males. Second, neither emotion experience nor rumination style can predict the frequency of NSSI in the past year for males and females. Third, in predicting the numbers of types of self-injury used in the past year, there was no effective predictor for females; negative emotion and low arousal emotion were the effective predictors for males. Finally, the results and the practical implication were discussed in the thesis.

本研究旨在探索自我傷害行為的動機、相關現象與情緒調節功能，並以此為基礎釐清該行為的情緒內涵，包括正向情緒強度特質、負向情緒強度特質、平靜滿足、經驗迴避程度及情緒調節能力。此外，本研究以因素分析探索自傷動機的分類，並以此分類結果為基礎，探討不同自傷動機所引發的情緒種類、情緒強度是否有所不同，在自傷行為的進行方式、次數上是否有顯著差異，並瞭解其無法適當應用的情緒調節能力為何。研究採用問卷調查的方式，研究對象為839位私立高中職生，包括日間部與夜間部，調查所得資料以描述統計分析、卡方檢定、相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、相依樣本t檢定、因素分析、邏輯迴歸分析和階層迴歸分析進行處理。 本研究主要結果如下：首先支持自傷行為具有負向情緒調節的功能，而經驗迴避對於自傷行為的影響有限。其次，將自傷動機進行因素分析的結果發現可以將其分為四類：人際影響、負向感受的因應、避免失控和負向自我評價。在區分是否有自傷行為部分，情緒調節困難的不接納與無助能夠有效解釋自傷行為的有無；在影響自傷行為的頻率部分，自傷動機的強度與情緒調節困難的衝動失控能夠有效解釋自傷頻率的多寡。此外，本研究發現不同的自傷方式與不同的動機、所處的自傷前情緒有關，且不同的自我傷害動機在情緒強度特質、情緒調節困難、負向情緒和自傷方式上會呈現出不同的樣貌。 / The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations, the phenomenon, and the function of deliberate self-harm behaviors(DSH), and based on these, to clarify emotional contents behind DSH, including positive affect intensity, negative affect intensity, serenity, experiential avoidance and the emotional regulation ability. Besides, the study investigated the classification of the motivations of DSH by exploratory factor analysis, and accordingly discussed whether the affect categories and the affect intensity resulted from the motivations of DSH were different, and whether the motivations of DSH resulted in significantly different using of methods and frequencies, moreover, the emotional dysregulation. The study was based on questionnaires, and the participants were 839 students from a private senior high school , including vocational schools. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test, factor analysis (FA), logistic regression, and hierarchical regression analysis. The main results were as follows: First, the results supported that DSH has regulative function on negative affect, and experiential avoidance influenced DSH limitedly. Second, according to factor analysis, the motivations of DSH were classified into four categories: interpersonal influence, negative affect modulation, control, and negative self-evaluation. Moreover, nonacceptance of the emotion dysregulation could successfully distinguish students with DSH from students with no history of DSH in the past 1 year. Both intensity of motivations and impulse of the emotion dysregulation could reliably predict DSH’s frequency. Finally, different methods of DSH correlated to different motivations and different emotions before DSH, and there were various representations of affect intensity, emotion dysregulation, and methods depends on different motivations.