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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

銀行辦理授信如何找出借款戶虛列營收資產風險及確保債權之對策 / Banks’ countermeasures to borrowers’ false accounts --- For example, bank A, B ,C grant credit to corporation A

洪曉諭 Unknown Date (has links)
借款戶A公司與授信銀行往來多年,在財務及繳納利息尚稱正常下,93年6月無預警向法院聲請重整,引起社會震驚,銀行授信金額近百億元,評估債權損失近八成約80億元,為何未能事先察覺而採取防範措施呢?探究其主要原因為A公司高層集體串通舞弊,虛列營收資產(俗稱作假帳),隱瞞財務經營困難,於境外虛設公司從事不實進銷貨,透過衍生性商品交易操作,竟連簽證會計師也被矇騙,其手法為以前發生問題企業所少見。 多數授信銀行於A公司聲請重整時,始知其營收資產涉有作假,然而,亦有極少數授信銀行警覺到其營運及財務存有偏差,重整前已採取緊縮授信與收回債權措施,終能避開損失。對於授信銀行在授信決策上的差異,以及徵信、核貸、覆審追蹤等風險評估作業到底有何不同,予以探討與分析比較,並試圖歸納出儘早發覺借款戶掩飾弊端之對策。 本論文選取甲乙丙三家授信銀行與借款戶A公司作為研究架構,並以下列問題為主要探討方向: 一、剖析A公司隱瞞財務營運惡化的手法及虛列營收資產之類型。 二、比較甲聯合貸款主辦銀行、乙非聯合貸款銀行、丙外商銀行,分別對A公司徵信、審核及貸後管理等風險評估之實務作法,並分析其差異。 三、歸納授信銀行找出借款戶虛列營收資產,以確保債權之對策。 最後獲致結論為授信銀行要找出借款戶虛列營收資產及確保債權,授信審查過程僅依5P原則(Personal、Payment、Purpose、Protection及Perspective)評估,似仍有不足,須進一步認識借款戶的客戶(Know Your Customer's Customer),增加「5R」查證,以瞭解借款戶與主要進銷貨(或重大交易)對象之交易往來情形,及銀行具備良好配合機制,將使授信風險評估更臻周延,本文試圖歸納「5R」主要內容為: 1.Relationship-查證借款戶與主要進銷貨對象有無存在特殊關係。 2.Risk-查證借款戶與主要進銷貨廠商交易之風險集中程度。 3.Reality-查證借款戶與主要進銷貨廠商交易之真實性。 4.Reason-查證借款戶與主要進銷貨廠商之產銷、資金流程等是否具合理性。 5.Recognition-查證借款戶與交易對象之行業特性已有高度認識。 此外,授信銀行應具備之配合機制如:須擁有專業授信人才、建立完善授信評等及徵授信審查制度、落實現場勘察與覆審,不宜太過依賴會計師簽證財務報告作分析,週轉金授信應配合自償性交易憑證撥款,設計有利於銀行風險掌控之授信契約,發揮銀行內部單位聯繫與稽核功能等。同時,授信有權決定行員必須與失敗授信案負較大連帶責任,並有健全即時檢討改進制度等。
2

RBC制度實施前後,我國壽險公司資本與風險之關係研究

郭馥綺 Unknown Date (has links)
我國監理機關為強化保險公司之財務能力,有效監管保險公司之風險狀況,特於2003年7月9日,正式引進美國風險基礎資本額制度(Risk-Based Capital, RBC),作為監理保險公司清償能力之工具。RBC制度除了改善單一資本額規定的缺失外,亦反映了保險公司之經營風險,對於保險公司面臨風險所需資本有較妥適的規範。讓監理機關得以藉此工具發現體質較弱之保險公司,進而採取適當之行動。 本文檢視我國壽險公司在RBC制度前後,資本與風險間之關係。探討RBC制度實施後,對於我國壽險公司之資本比例、資產風險以及產品風險是否確實造成改變,能使壽險公司之資本提列與公司風險大小有一正向搭配,在保險公司面臨越高的風險狀態時,願意提列更多資本做為緩衝,以保障公司安全。藉此分析觀察RBC是否達到預期之功能,以作為我國監理機關實行RBC制度之參考。 本文使用聯立方程式部分調整模型,以二階段最小平方法進行檢測。實證結果發現,在RBC制度實施後,壽險公司之資本比例對資產風險以及產品風險具有顯著負向關係,顯示資本比例低者所承擔之風險較高,而資本比例高者風險較低。此外,公司規模以及公司型態對於壽險公司之資本與風險具有顯著影響力,外商壽險公司之資產風險較本土壽險公司為低。 / Risk-based capital (RBC) has been implemented as an important regulatory tool for the insurance industry in Taiwan since year 2003, which is used to strengthen the financial capability and to predict the probability of insolvency. It not only improves the shortcomings of single capitalization index but also reflects the business risks. Moreover, it lets the regulator be able to apply this tool to discover the insurance companies with weak financial management and take the suitable actions. This paper explores the changes on the capital ratio, asset risk and product risk in life insurance industry in Taiwan before and after the RBC regulation and verifies if the implementation of RBC had a positive effect on the relationship between capital and risks. To examine this issue, this study uses a simultaneous-equation partial-adjustment model with two-stage least squares method. The results suggest that the life insurers with lower capital ratio take higher asset risk and product risk, while life insurers with higher capital ratio take lower asset risk and product risk. For life insurers, company size and type also have an important impact on their capital and risks. The empirical finding shows that there is lower asset risk in the international insurers than domestic insurers.
3

我國壽險業於RBC制度實施前後經營風險與資本關係之研究

蔡維哲 Unknown Date (has links)
我國保險業監管制度之實施,以2003年7月之RBC制度影響最為重大,因此本研究希望檢驗RBC制度對於壽險公司之經營策略,是否有顯著之改變,而保險公司之經營策略中,又以資產配置與產品組成為最重要的議題,兩者將影響資產風險與產品風險。因此本研究將重點聚焦於壽險公司之資產風險與產品風險於RBC制度實施前後之變化,藉以探討是否RBC制度實施後,保險公司對於經營中涉入風險之行為,保有更穩健之思維,而不違反RBC制度實施立意之良好。 本研究整理我國25間壽險公司之財、業務之資料為分析基礎,並以簡單複迴歸之研究方法為實證分析。實證結果中,壽險公司於RBC制度實施後有風險抵換之情形,但無論資產風險及產品風險都與前期資本比例為負向關係。另外,小型公司中資本比例越低者,有增加投資於高風險資產的比例;並且小型公司中,前一期經營結果越差,銷售越高風險產品的比例將會上升。 / One of the most important supervision system in insurance industry is the implementation of Risk-Based Capital system in 2003 in Taiwan. In this study, we examine whether the business strategy of life insurance companies changes significantly because of the implementation of RBC system. In insurance’s business strategy, asset allocation and product composition are the main issues and both will influence asset risk and product risk. Hence, we focus on the changes in asset risk and product risk to find that whether life insurance companies have more stable operating concepts after the implementation of RBC system. We use multiple regression model to analyze the relationship between asset risk, product risk and capital ratio of the life insurance companies. The results suggest that there are a negative relationship between asset risk, product risk and capital ratio after the implementation of RBC. Besides, the small size companies which have low capital ratio will tend to increase the proportion of risky assets in their investment. And small size companies which have worse operating outcomes in the previous year will increase the proportion of high-risk products they sell in current year.

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