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台灣第二階段農地改革執行成果之評析郭文亮 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,台灣由於經濟快速成長,對農業發展與農地利用造成極大衝擊,諸如造成農場經營規模零細化、農民兼業化、農業勞動力老化、農地利用粗放及農場經營效率偏低等諸問題,有鑑於此,政府乃於71年底開始推動第二階段農地改革,獎勵農地委託經營、共同經營與合作經營、推動農業機械化、農地重劃、辦理擴大農場購地貸款與修訂有關法令。但第二階段農地改革五大政策措施實行至今已十餘年,其執行成果究竟如何?又從「農業綜合調整方案」得知,此等項目均已列為續行方案之中,然未來續行方案宜循何等原則?凡此均為本研究所探討的內容。
綜合本研究之分析得到以下之結論:
一、擴大農場經營規模方面其執行成果並不顯著。
二、農地重劃方面除重劃後之耕地坵塊集中一處情形,未達預期之目標外,坵塊平均面積擴大情形、農場結構改善情形幾乎完全達到預期之目標。
三、農業機械化方面,水稻生產各項作業,幾乎已達全面機械化程度。
四、農地移轉時土地增值稅方面:大多數農會推廣人員與專業農均贊成縮小免徵範圍為非都市特定農業區與一般農業區之農牧用地或移轉予核心農民,方予免徵土地增值稅。
根據本研究之結論提出下列建議:
一、為利於擴大農場經營規模,應以建立合理租佃制度,實施耕地租賃與委託經營,以輔導13%之專業農民自立經營為主。
二、建議農地重劃之工程費用,由政府全額負擔。另於農地重劃施工期間,給子休耕補助。
三、農業機械化基金,建請恢復當年「專款專用」之原則。
四、促進農地一人繼承方面:本研究建議一子繼承但無自任耕作時,僅減免其遺產稅或贈與稅之1/2,以使產權單純化。但當其繼承後,持有未達一段時間,即予變更或轉賣時,增值部分由共同繼承人按原繼分所佔比例分配。
五、合理化租佃制度應儘速確立,有關農地移轉、租佃制度悉應立法規範,同時建議將名稱相異但實質相同之名詞用語予以統一。 / Recently the rapid economic growth has brought a great impact to the agricultural development and farmland utilization in Taiwan. such fragmentation of farm scale, farmer becoming a side job ocupation, againg of agricultural force, rough of farmland utilization, relative low farm operation efficieny, and so forth. In view of such impact, the government began to implement a Second Farmland Reform Program in end of 1982 to encourage contract operation and joint operation of farmland, promote mechanization of agricul-ture, farmland redistriction, extending loan for purchase of farmland, and revision of relative laws and regulations. However, what is the result of the "Five major policies" in the second Farmland Reform Program which has been implemented for over 10 years. Though such measures are continues in the " General Agricultural Adjustment Program" today, what would be the principle for such programs? All these are the issues reviewed in this study. From the study the following conclusion is achieved:
1. The result of enlarging farm operation scale was not significant.
2. On farmland redistriction, enlargement of average land size and improvement of farmland structure almost achieved the expected target, but concentration of farmland after the redistriction did not meet the expected target.
3. On agricultural mechanization, all procedures in paddy rice production were almost ntirely mechanized.
4. On land value increment tax payable upon transfer of farmland, most agricultural associations' officials and specialized farmers supported reducing of scope of tax exemption to transfer of specific and general agricultural zone in non-urban area to core farmers.
From the conclusion the following suggestions are presented:
1. To help expending of farm operation scale, it is recommendable to set up a reasonable tenancy system, implement lease and contracted operation to gruide 13% of the specialized farmers to operate independently.
2. The study suggests the government to bear all the cost of farmland redistriction, and to provide fallow subsidy during the period of redis triction.
3. It is recommendable to restore "particular fund for particular purpose" policy in utilization of the Agricultural Mechanization Fund.
4. In single successor for farmland, the study suggests only one-half of the legacy tax or donation tax is exempted if there is only a successor who is not a tiller as an incentive for single ownership, but the tax of land value increment should be born by all the sucessors in proportion to their respective share of succession if the land is transfered to other within a certain period of time.
5. A reasonable tenancy system should be set up as soon as possible, farmland transfer and tenancy system should be legislated, and uniform terminology shall be established different terms having the same meaning.
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菲律賓農地改革之研究楊松齡, Yang, Song-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
主要目的在討論菲律賓實施農地改革之背景,實施步驟,及實施的影響,並對其在實
施農地改革所發生之缺失加以檢討。
第一章:共分二節敘述本文研究動機、研究目的、研究方法及研究內容。
第二章:共分四節,敘述農地問題之所在,並闡述農地改革解決農地問題之必要性。
其次再討論農地改革的意義、目的及農地改革的方法,實施農地改革對政治、社會、
經濟之影響。
第三章:共分三節,簡介菲國之自然、人文環境,國內產業結構、及農業在菲國之重
要性,並敘述因農業結構之脆弱而引起之政治、社會問題。
第四章:共分三節,評析因菲國歷來地權制度之弊端,農業結構之不健全,及政治上
的需要導致非實施農地改革不可,並敘述菲國一九六三年及一九七一年實施農地改革
之步驟、方法、目的。
第五章:共分三節,敘述菲國實施農地改革之成果並檢討其實施農地改革所發生的問
題,及實施後對農村社會、國家政治、經濟之影響
第六章:共分三節以台灣實施農地改革成功的例子與菲律實施農地改革加以比較。
第七章:綜合以上各章論述,提出簡要結論及建論。
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中、韓兩國耕地租佃制之比較研究鄭文燮, ZHENG, WEN-XIE Unknown Date (has links)
1950年代,中、韓兩國均針對地權不均與惡劣的租佃制度,進行土地改革,中華
民國台灣地區首先改善租佃制度,繼之推行耕者有其田政策。大韓民國則在消除租佃
制與創設自耕農的原則之下,實行農地改革。由於兩國所採取的改進措施有些不同,
而顯示不同的結果,隨著農業環境之變化,而面臨了新的租佃問題。於是筆者乃著眼
兩國之租佃問題之所在與已實行的改進措施,並比較分析相類點與相異點,導出相互
可供借鏡之處,以探尋向後租佃制之改進方向。
租佃制度與各種農業問題相互涉及的範圍相當廣泛,因此,本文的研究範圍限於租佃
制度之實態與已推行的改進措施。採用比較研究法,蒐集相關資料,進行整理分析,
俾能了解兩國的租佃制,並提出改進意見,以供兩國之參考。
第一章導論,分析本論文之研究動機、目的目、方法及範圍。
第二章首先諭論及租佃問題之所在與其改進措施,加以說明租佃制與農地利用關係。
第三、四章探討中、韓兩國之租佃制,分析農地改革前之租佃問題,加以說明其改善
措施與結果。
第五章比較分析,探討農地改革以來租佃制之演變過程與問題之背景等,加以比較兩
國所採用的改進措施與當前課題。
第六章提出改進意見,做為結論與建議。
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